Changes
Reverted edit test/vandalism.
A '''literary element''', or '''narrative element''',<ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref> or '''element of literature'''<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref> is a constituent of all works of [[narrative]] [[fiction]]—a necessary feature of verbal storytelling that can be found in any written or spoken narrative. This distinguishes them from [[literary technique]]s, or non-universal features of literature that accompany the construction of a particular work rather than forming the essential characteristics of all narrative. For example, [[Plot (narrative)|plot]], [[Theme (narrative)|theme]], [[Character (arts)|character]] and [[Tone (literature)|tone]] are literary elements, whereas [[figurative language]], [[irony]], or [[foreshadowing]] would be considered literary techniques.
Literary elements aid in the discussion of and understanding of a work of literature as basic categories of critical analysis; literary elements could be said to be produced by the readers of a work just as much as they are produced by its author. For the most part, they are popular concepts that are not limited to any particular branch of [[literary criticism]], although they are most closely associated with the [[Formalism (literature)|formalist method]] of professional literary criticism. There is no official definition or fixed list of terms of literary elements; however, they are a common feature of literary education at the [[Primary education|primary]] and [[Secondary education|secondary]] level, and a set of terms similar to the one below often appears in institutional student evaluation. For instance, the New York State Comprehensive English [[Regents Examinations|Regents Exam]] requires that students use and discuss literary elements relating to specific works in each of the three essays.<ref>{{cite web|title=Regents High School Comprehensive Examination in English|url=http://www.nysedregents.org/ComprehensiveEnglish/113/engl12013-exam.pdf|work=Office of State Assessment|publisher=New York State Education Department|accessdate=11 June 2013}}</ref>
==Terms==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Action (narrative)|Action]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Kempton|2004|pp=67,80}}</ref>
* [[Character (arts)|Character]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Conflict (narrative)|Conflict]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Bova|1981|p=71}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Sebranek et al.|2006|p=152}}</ref>
* [[Dialogue in writing|Dialogue]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Kempton|2004|pp=67,80}}</ref>
* [[Genre]]
* [[Language]]
* [[Mood (literature)|Mood]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Narrative mode]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Kempton|2004|pp=67,80}}</ref>
* [[Pace (narrative)|Pace]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Kempton|2004|p=78}}</ref>
* [[Plot (narrative)|Plot]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Point of view (literature)|Point of view]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref>
* [[Setting (narrative)|Setting]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Style (fiction)|Style]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref>
* [[Theme (narrative)|Theme]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=469}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Tone (literature)|Tone]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=469}}</ref>
}}
==Notes==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
{{reflist}}
}}
==References==
* {{ citation | last1 = Bova | first1 = Ben | title = Notes to a Science Fiction Writer: The Secrets of Writing Science Fiction That Sells | location = Boston | publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]] | year = 1981 | isbn = 0-395-30521-7 }}
* {{ citation | last1 = Kempton | first1 = Gloria | title = Write Great Fiction: Dialogue | publisher = [[Writer's Digest Books]] | location = Cincinnati | isbn = 1-58297-289-3 | year = 2004 }}
* {{ cite encyclopedia | title = Literature | encyclopedia = [[World Book Encyclopedia]] | year = 2015 | publisher = World Book | location = Chicago | isbn = 978-0-7166-0115-9 | ref = {{harvid|Literature|2015}}}}
* {{ citation | last1 = Lunsford | first1 = Andrea A. | first2 = Franklin E. | last2 = Horowitz | title = The Everyday Writer | edition = 3rd | publisher = [[Bedford-St. Martin's|Bedford/St. Martin's]] | location = Boston | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-312-41323-8 }}
* {{ citation | first1 = Patrick | last1 = Sebranek | first2 = Dave | last2 = Kemper | first3 = Verne | last3 = Meyer | title = Writers Inc.: A Student Handbook for Writing and Learning | location = Wilmington | publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin Company]] | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-669-52994-4 | ref = {{harvid|Sebranek et al.|2006}} }}
* {{ citation | first1 = Lewis | last1 = Turco | title = The Book of Literary Terms: The Genres of Fiction, Drama, Nonfiction, Literary Criticism, and Scholarship | location = Hanover | publisher = [[University Press of New England]] | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-87451-954-3 }}
[[Category:Writing]]
[[Category:Literary concepts|Element]]
Literary elements aid in the discussion of and understanding of a work of literature as basic categories of critical analysis; literary elements could be said to be produced by the readers of a work just as much as they are produced by its author. For the most part, they are popular concepts that are not limited to any particular branch of [[literary criticism]], although they are most closely associated with the [[Formalism (literature)|formalist method]] of professional literary criticism. There is no official definition or fixed list of terms of literary elements; however, they are a common feature of literary education at the [[Primary education|primary]] and [[Secondary education|secondary]] level, and a set of terms similar to the one below often appears in institutional student evaluation. For instance, the New York State Comprehensive English [[Regents Examinations|Regents Exam]] requires that students use and discuss literary elements relating to specific works in each of the three essays.<ref>{{cite web|title=Regents High School Comprehensive Examination in English|url=http://www.nysedregents.org/ComprehensiveEnglish/113/engl12013-exam.pdf|work=Office of State Assessment|publisher=New York State Education Department|accessdate=11 June 2013}}</ref>
==Terms==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Action (narrative)|Action]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Kempton|2004|pp=67,80}}</ref>
* [[Character (arts)|Character]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Conflict (narrative)|Conflict]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Bova|1981|p=71}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Sebranek et al.|2006|p=152}}</ref>
* [[Dialogue in writing|Dialogue]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Kempton|2004|pp=67,80}}</ref>
* [[Genre]]
* [[Language]]
* [[Mood (literature)|Mood]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Narrative mode]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Kempton|2004|pp=67,80}}</ref>
* [[Pace (narrative)|Pace]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Kempton|2004|p=78}}</ref>
* [[Plot (narrative)|Plot]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Point of view (literature)|Point of view]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref>
* [[Setting (narrative)|Setting]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=468}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Style (fiction)|Style]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref>
* [[Theme (narrative)|Theme]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Literature|2015|p=353}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=469}}</ref><ref>{{harvtxt|Turco|1999|pp=39,69}}</ref>
* [[Tone (literature)|Tone]]<ref>{{harvtxt|Lunsford|Horowitz|2005|p=469}}</ref>
}}
==Notes==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
{{reflist}}
}}
==References==
* {{ citation | last1 = Bova | first1 = Ben | title = Notes to a Science Fiction Writer: The Secrets of Writing Science Fiction That Sells | location = Boston | publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin]] | year = 1981 | isbn = 0-395-30521-7 }}
* {{ citation | last1 = Kempton | first1 = Gloria | title = Write Great Fiction: Dialogue | publisher = [[Writer's Digest Books]] | location = Cincinnati | isbn = 1-58297-289-3 | year = 2004 }}
* {{ cite encyclopedia | title = Literature | encyclopedia = [[World Book Encyclopedia]] | year = 2015 | publisher = World Book | location = Chicago | isbn = 978-0-7166-0115-9 | ref = {{harvid|Literature|2015}}}}
* {{ citation | last1 = Lunsford | first1 = Andrea A. | first2 = Franklin E. | last2 = Horowitz | title = The Everyday Writer | edition = 3rd | publisher = [[Bedford-St. Martin's|Bedford/St. Martin's]] | location = Boston | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-312-41323-8 }}
* {{ citation | first1 = Patrick | last1 = Sebranek | first2 = Dave | last2 = Kemper | first3 = Verne | last3 = Meyer | title = Writers Inc.: A Student Handbook for Writing and Learning | location = Wilmington | publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin Company]] | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-669-52994-4 | ref = {{harvid|Sebranek et al.|2006}} }}
* {{ citation | first1 = Lewis | last1 = Turco | title = The Book of Literary Terms: The Genres of Fiction, Drama, Nonfiction, Literary Criticism, and Scholarship | location = Hanover | publisher = [[University Press of New England]] | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-87451-954-3 }}
[[Category:Writing]]
[[Category:Literary concepts|Element]]
