Changes
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Corrected a typo in the name of the MSD Capitañ firm
{{Use American English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Michael Dell
| image = Michael Dell 2010.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Michael Dell, founder, chairman and CEO of Dell Technologies
| birth_name = Michael Saul Dell
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|2|23}}
| birth_place = [[Houston]], [[Texas]], U.S.
| residence = [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[Texas]], U.S.
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = [[University of Texas at Austin]]
| occupation = Founder, Chairman and CEO of [[Dell Technologies]]
| spouse = Susan Lynn Lieberman (m. 1989)
| children = 4
| relatives = [[Adam Dell]] {{small|(brother)}}
| networth = [[US$]]28.6 billion (September 2018)<ref name="forbes-p">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-dell/|title=Profile: Michael Dell|publisher=''[[Forbes]]''|accessdate=2018-09-17}}</ref>
}}
'''Michael Saul Dell''' (born February 23, 1965) is an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and author. He is the founder and CEO of [[Dell Technologies]], one of the world's largest technology infrastructure companies. He is ranked as the 39th richest person in the world by ''[[Forbes]]'', with a net worth of [[US$]] 28.6 billion as of September 2018.<ref name="forbes-p"/>
In 2011, his 243.35 million shares of [[Dell|Dell Inc.]] stock were worth $3.5 billion, giving him 12% ownership of the company.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-10-15|url=http://www.thereformedbroker.com/2011/03/20/michael-dells-very-big-stock-purchase|title=Michael Dell’s Very Big Stock Purchase|publisher=The Reformed Broker|date=2011-03-20|author=Brown, Joshua}}</ref> His remaining wealth of roughly $10 billion is invested in other companies and is managed by a firm whose name, [[MSD Capital]], incorporates Dell's initials.<ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2011-10-15|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2010/02/08/focus1.html?page=all|title=Managing Michael Dell's multibillions|publisher=BizJournals|date=2010-02-07|first=Christopher|last=Calnan}}</ref> On January 5, 2013 it was announced that Michael Dell had bid to take Dell Inc. private for $24.4 billion in the biggest [[management buyout]] since the [[Great Recession]]. Dell Inc. officially went private on October 29, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |agency = [[Forbes]] | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/connieguglielmo/2013/10/30/you-wont-have-michael-dell-to-kick-around-anymore/| title= Dell Officially Goes Private: Inside The Nastiest Tech Buyout Ever| first =Connie| last = Guglielmo | date=October 30, 2013}}</ref>
==Early life and education==
Dell was born in 1965 in [[Houston]], to a Jewish family whose surname reflects the translation into English of the original [[German language|German]] ''Thal'' ("valley" or "dale [''[[q.v.]]'']"; modern common-noun spelling ''Tal'') upon the family's immigration to the United States.<ref>''Lone stars of David: the Jews of Texas'', By Hollace Ava Weiner, Kenneth Roseman, page 257, UPNE, 2007</ref> The son of Lorraine Charlotte (née Langfan), a [[stockbroker]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100213162103/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jan2007/tc20070131_658871.htm?campaign_id=msnbc_dell Biography of Michael Dell.] businessweek.com (From The Associated Press; 2007-01-31).</ref> and Alexander Dell, an [[orthodontist]], Michael Dell attended [[Gary L. Herod|Herod Elementary School]] in [[Houston]].<ref>[http://es.houstonisd.org/herodes/About_Herod/History_of_Our_school.htm History of Our School] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403040641/http://es.houstonisd.org/herodes/About_Herod/History_of_Our_school.htm |date=April 3, 2008 }}. Es.houstonisd.org. Retrieved on 2012-07-12.</ref> In a bid to enter business early, he applied to take a [[General Educational Development|high school equivalency exam]] at age eight. In his early teens, he invested his [[earnings]] from part-time jobs in [[stock]]s and [[precious metal]]s.<ref name=Achievement>{{cite web|title=Biography: Michael Dell Founder & Chairman, Dell Inc|url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/del0bio-1|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|accessdate=April 15, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531064147/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/del0bio-1|archivedate=May 31, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Dell purchased his first [[calculator]] at age seven and encountered an early [[teletype]] terminal in junior high. At age 15, after playing with computers at [[Radio Shack]], he got his first computer, an [[Apple II]], which he promptly disassembled to see how it worked.<ref name="Direct from Dell">{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|author2=Catherine Fredman|year=1999|publisher=[[HarperBusiness]]|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=6–7}}</ref> He got a job as a dishwasher at age 12 and was quickly promoted to [[maitre d']].<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/38168029/ns/business-careers/t/lowest-paying-jobs-america/#.WMHJUBLyvaY</ref> Dell attended [[Memorial High School (Hedwig Village, Texas)|Memorial High School]] in Houston, selling subscriptions to the ''[[Houston Post]]'' in the summer. While making [[cold call]]s, he noted that the people most likely to purchase subscriptions were those in the process of establishing permanent geographic and social presence. He then hired some friends who scoured local court records so he could target this demographic group by collecting names from marriage and mortgage applications. He then segmented those leads by the size of the mortgage, calling on those with the highest mortgages first. Dell earned $18,000 that year, exceeding the annual income of his history and economics teacher.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|author2=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=4–5}}</ref> He used the company's first financial statement to convince his parents of his decision to drop out of college. The statement, dated July 31, 1984, shows a gross profit of nearly $200,000. Dell dropped out of the University of Texas in his first year aged 19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MichaelDell/status/975186931138080768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/how-dell-founder-convinced-parents-to-drop-out-of-college/articleshow/63363208.cms&tfw_site=timesofindia|title=First financial statement for @Dell. The one I used to convince my parents that it was OK for me to not go back to collegepic.twitter.com/kKuGDsyvYZ|last=Dell|first=Michael|date=<!--6:47 PM - -->17 March 2018|website=@MichaelDell|accessdate=2018-03-20}}</ref>
==Business career==
[[File:PCs Limited Turbo PC signed by Michael Dell.jpg|thumb|A PC's Limited Turbo PC signed by Dell]]
[[File:Michael Dell at Oracle OpenWorld.JPG|thumb|Michael Dell lecturing at the [[Oracle OpenWorld]], San Francisco 2010]]
While a freshman pre-med student at the [[University of Texas]], Dell started an informal business putting together and selling upgrade kits for personal computers<ref>Kirk Ladendorf. "Dell remembers his beginning while looking toward the future" ''Austin American-Statesman''. November 27, 2011, pp. E1, E2.</ref> in Room 2713 of the [[Dobie Center]] residential building. He then applied for a vendor license to bid on contracts for the State of Texas, winning bids by not having the overhead of a computer store.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|author2=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=9–10}}</ref><ref>Larry Faulkner, President, University of Texas at Austin (2003). [http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/corporate/speeches/msd/2003_05_17_msd_commencement.pdf Michael Dell Remarks]. dell.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/blog/real-estate/2014/04/uts-famed-high-rise-dorm-where-dell-launched-to.html|title=UT's famed high-rise dorm where Dell launched to get $4 million makeover|last=Buchholz|first=Jan|date=2014-04-29|website=|publisher=Statesman.com|accessdate=2017-01-05}}</ref>
In January 1984, Dell banked on his conviction that the potential cost savings of a [[Direct selling|manufacturer selling]] PCs directly had enormous advantages over the conventional indirect retail channel. In January 1984, Dell registered his company as "PC's Limited". Operating out of a [[condominium]], the business sold between $50,000 and $80,000 in upgraded PCs, kits, and add-on components. In May, Dell incorporated the company as "Dell Computer Corporation" and relocated it to a business center in North Austin. The company employed a few order takers, a few more people to fulfill them, and, as Dell recalled, a manufacturing staff "consisting of three guys with screwdrivers sitting at six-foot tables". The venture's [[capitalization cost]] was $1,000.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|author2=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2004-03-04-dell-doffs-ceo-role_x.htm|title= Dell founder passes torch to new CEO|date=March 4, 2004|publisher=
''[[USA Today]]''|accessdate=January 6, 2010|first1=Michelle|last1=Kessler}}</ref>
In 1992, aged 27, he became the youngest CEO of a company ranked in ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine's list of the top 500 corporations.<ref name=NatPressClub>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/programs/npc/2000/000608.mdell.html|title=Michael Dell|work=National Press Club Summary|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=April 16, 2010|date=June 8, 2008}}</ref> In 1996, Dell started selling computers over the Web, the same year his company launched its first [[computer server|servers]]. Dell Inc. soon{{when|date=March 2018}} reported about $1 million in sales per day from dell.com.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|author2=Catherine Fredman|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|page=xiv}}</ref> In the first quarter of 2001, Dell Inc. reached a world market share of 12.8 percent, passing [[Compaq]] to become the world's largest PC maker. The metric marked the first time the rankings had shifted over the previous seven years. The company's combined shipments of desktops, notebooks and servers grew 34.3 percent worldwide and 30.7 percent in the United States at a time when competitor's sales were shrinking.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kanellos |first=Michael|title=Dell beats Compaq for No. 1 ranking|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-256143.html|publisher=CNET News|date=April 1, 2001|accessdate=April 16, 2010}}</ref>
In 1998, Dell founded MSD Capital L.P. to manage his family's investments. Investment activities include publicly traded securities, private equity activities, and real estate. The firm employs 80 people and has offices in New York, Santa Monica and London. Dell himself is not involved in day-to-day operations.<ref>{{cite web|title=MSD Capital – About Us|url=http://www.msdcapital.com/about.htm|accessdate=April 17, 2010}}</ref> On March 4, 2004, Dell stepped down as CEO, but stayed as chairman of Dell Inc.'s board, while [[Kevin Rollins]], then president and [[chief operating officer|COO]], became president and CEO. On January 31, 2007, Dell returned as CEO at the request of the board, succeeding Rollins.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/01/technology/01dell.html?ex=1327986000&en=51d4bc242b1c6e8f&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss "Dell Chief Replaced by Founder"], ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref>
In 2013, Michael Dell with the help of [[Silver Lake Partners]], Microsoft, and a consortium of lenders took Dell, Inc. private. The deal was reportedly worth $25 billion and faced difficulties during its execution. Notable resistance came from [[Carl Icahn]], but after several months he stepped aside. Michael Dell received a 75% stake in the private company.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Guglielmo|first1=Connie|title=Dell Officially Goes Private: Inside the Nastiest Tech Buyout Ever|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/connieguglielmo/2013/10/30/you-wont-have-michael-dell-to-kick-around-anymore/#7a52b1224fd2|website=Forbes|accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref>
On October 12, 2015, Dell Inc. announced its intent to acquire the enterprise software and storage company [[EMC Corporation]]. At $67 billion, it has been labeled the "highest-valued tech acquisition in history".<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34505553|title=Dell agrees $67bn EMC takeover|date=2015-10-12|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-11}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-12/dell-to-acquire-emc-for-67-billion-to-add-data-storage-devices|title=Dell to Buy EMC in Deal Worth About $67 Billion|date=2015-10-12|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2017-01-11}}</ref> The acquisition was finalized September 7, 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160907005946/en/Historic-Dell-EMC-Merger-Complete-Forms-World%E2%80%99s|title=Historic Dell and EMC Merger Complete; Forms World’s Largest Privately-Controlled Tech Company {{!}} Business Wire|website=www.businesswire.com|access-date=2017-01-11}}</ref>
==Penalty==
In July 2010 Dell Inc. agreed to pay a $100 million penalty to settle SEC charges<ref name="Sec.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2010/lr21599.htm|title=Dell Inc., Michael S. Dell, Kevin B. Rollins, James M. Schneider, Leslie L. Jackson, Nicholas A.R. Dunning|publisher=Sec.gov|date=2010-07-22|accessdate=2011-01-26}}</ref> of disclosure and accounting fraud in relation to undisclosed payments from [[Intel Corporation]]. Michael Dell and former CEO Kevin Rollins agreed to pay $4 million each, former CFO James Schneider to pay $3 million to settle the charges.<ref name="Sec.gov"/>
==Accolades==
Accolades for Dell include "Entrepreneur of the Year" (at age 24) from ''[[Inc. magazine|Inc.]]'' magazine;<ref name="Inc. award">{{cite web|last=Richman|first=Tom|title=The Entrepreneur of the Year|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/19900101/4986.html#dell|publisher=Inc.|accessdate=April 16, 2010|date=January 1, 1990}}</ref> "Top CEO in American Business" from ''[[Worth Magazine|Worth]]'' magazine; "CEO of the Year" from ''[[Financial World]]'', ''[[Industry Week]]'' and ''[[Chief Executive Magazine|Chief Executive]]'' magazines. Dell also received the 2013 [[Franklin Institute]]'s [[Bower Award for Business Leadership]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fi.edu/laureates/michael-s-dell|title=MICHAEL S. DELL|last=|first=|date=|year=|website=|publisher=[[Franklin Institute]]|accessdate=2016-12-19}}</ref>
==Affiliations==
Dell serves on the Foundation Board of the [[World Economic Forum]], the executive committee of the International Business Council, the U.S. Business Council. He previously served as a member of the U.S. President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dell.com/learn/us/en/uscorp1/bios/michael_dell?c=us&l=en&s=corp&cs=uscorp1|title=Michael Dell|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Dell Inc.|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref>
==Writings==
Dell's 1999 book, ''Direct from Dell: Strategies That Revolutionized an Industry'' (by [[HarperCollins|HarperBusiness]]), is an account of his early life, his company's founding, growth and missteps, as well as lessons learned. The book was written in collaboration with Catherine Fredman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|author2=Catherine Fredman}}</ref>
==Wealth and personal life==
''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' estimates Dell's net worth as of September 2018 at $28.6 billion.<ref name="forbes-p"/> Dell married Susan Lieberman on October 28, 1989, in [[Austin, Texas]]; the couple reside there with their four children.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/42202/face-time-michael-dell|title=Face Time With Michael Dell|last=Fishman|first=Charles|date=2001-02-28|work=Fast Company|publisher=|newspaper=|language=en-US|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F42202%2Fface-time-michael-dell&date=2016-10-20|archive-date=2016-10-20|access-date=2016-10-20|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/A-Focus-on-Efficiency/172567|title=A Focus on Efficiency|last=Schwinn|first=Elizabeth|date=2006-04-06|work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|newspaper=|subscription=yes|access-date=2016-10-20|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/content/suddenly-susan|title=Suddenly Susan|last=COLLOFF|first=PAMELA|date=2000-07-31|work=|publisher=|newspaper=Texas Monthly|language=en-US|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasmonthly.com%2Farticles%2Fsuddenly-susan%2F&date=2016-10-20|archive-date=2016-10-20|access-date=2016-10-20|via=}}</ref>
In February 2018, it was reported that in 2014, Dell had paid $100.5 million for Manhattan's [[One57]] penthouse, which still held the record for the most expensive home ever sold in the city.<ref name=wsj-record>{{cite news |last=Clarke |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2018 |title=Michael Dell Paid a Record $100.47 Million for Manhattan’s One57 Penthouse |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-dell-paid-a-record-100-47-million-for-manhattans-one57-penthouse-1519304017?mod=cx_picks&cx_navSource=cx_picks&cx_tag=poptarget&cx_artPos=1#cxrecs_s | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |location=The New York Times, New York City, United States |access-date=}}</ref>
===Philanthropy===
In 1999, Michael and Susan Dell established the [[Michael and Susan Dell Foundation]], which focuses on, among other causes, grants, urban education, childhood health and family economic stability. In 2006, the foundation provided $50 million in grants to three health-related organizations associated with the University of Texas: the Michael & Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Healthy Living, the Dell Pediatric Research Institute to complement the Dell Children's Medical Center, as well as funding for a new computer science building at the University of Texas at Austin campus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michael--susan-dell-foundation-grants-50-million-to-university-of-texas-to-bring-excellence-in-childrens-health-and-education-to-austin-56377712.html|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Grants $50 Million to University of Texas to Bring Excellence in Children's Health and Education to Austin|last=Foundation|first=Michael & Susan Dell|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> In 2013, the foundation provided an additional $50 million commitment to establish the Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.utexas.edu/2013/01/30-0|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Invests $50 million to Establish the Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin|date=2013-01-30|newspaper=UT News {{!}} The University of Texas at Austin|language=en|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> Since 1999, the MSDF has committed $1.23 billion to non-profits and social enterprises in the United States, India and South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msdf.org/|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation|website=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> Dell is also behind the founding of the Dell Jewish Community Campus in the [[Northwest Hills (Austin, Texas)|Northwest Hills]] neighborhood of Austin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/dells-great-success-story/|title=Dell's Great Success Story|last=Gwynne|first=S.C.|date=February 7, 2013|work=Texas Monthly|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref>
By 2011, the foundation had committed more than $650 million to children's issues and community initiatives in the [[United States]], [[India]] and [[South Africa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michael--susan-dell-foundation-applauds-the-first-ladys-lets-move-campaign-to-end-childhood-obesity-83955497.html|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Applauds the First Lady's 'Let's Move!' Campaign to End Childhood Obesity|first=Michael & Susan Dell|last=Foundation|publisher=|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Today the foundation has over $466 million assets under management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=4961328|title=The Michael and Susan Dell Foundation: Private Company Information - Businessweek|publisher=|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref>
In 2002, Dell received an honorary doctorate in [[Economic Science]] from the [[University of Limerick]] in honor of his investment in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] and the local community and for his support for educational initiatives.<ref>Annette Condon (2002-05-29), [https://web.archive.org/web/20070710143111/http://www.ul.ie/main/news/dell.doc Michael Dell Conferred with Honorary Doctorate from the University of Limerick]. University of Limerick Press Release</ref>
In 2012, the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation committed $50 million for medical education. The [[Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin|Dell Medical School]] began enrolling students in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.statesman.com/news/news/dell-family-foundation-to-donate-60-million-for-ut/nT98b/ |title=Dell family foundation to donate $60 million for UT medical school, local health care|author= Ralph K.M. Haurwitz|publisher=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |date =January 30, 2013}}</ref>
In 2014, he donated $1.8 million to the [[Friends of the Israel Defense Forces]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hollywood gala raises a record $33 million for IDF|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/hollywood-gala-raises-a-record-33-million-for-idf/|accessdate=November 17, 2014|work=TIMES OF ISRAEL|date=November 8, 2014}}</ref>
In 2017, in the wake of [[Hurricane Harvey]], Dell, a Houston native, pledged $36 million to relief efforts.<ref>{{citenews|title=Tech billionaire Michael Dell pledges $36 million to Harvey relief efforts|url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/01/technology/michael-dell-harvey-donation/index.html?sr=fbCNN090117michael-dell-harvey-donation1212PMStory|accessdate=September 1, 2017|work=CNN|date=September 1, 2017}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Sources==
* {{cite book|title=Direct From Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|last=Dell|first=Michael|author2=Catherine Fredman|year=1999|publisher= HarperColins Publishers|location=New York, New York|isbn=0-88730-914-3|ref=dirdell}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Commons category inline}}
{{Dell Inc}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dell, Michael}}
[[Category:American chief executives of manufacturing companies]]
[[Category:American computer businesspeople]]
[[Category:Dell]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:21st-century American businesspeople]]
[[Category:American billionaires]]
[[Category:American business writers]]
[[Category:American commodities traders]]
[[Category:American financiers]]
[[Category:American investors]]
[[Category:American nonprofit businesspeople]]
[[Category:American political fundraisers]]
[[Category:American real estate businesspeople]]
[[Category:American stock traders]]
[[Category:American technology chief executives]]
[[Category:American technology company founders]]
[[Category:American technology writers]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Texas]]
[[Category:Jewish American philanthropists]]
[[Category:Jewish American writers]]
[[Category:Private equity and venture capital investors]]
[[Category:Texas Republicans]]
[[Category:University of Texas at Austin alumni]]
[[Category:Writers from Texas]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Michael Dell
| image = Michael Dell 2010.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Michael Dell, founder, chairman and CEO of Dell Technologies
| birth_name = Michael Saul Dell
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|2|23}}
| birth_place = [[Houston]], [[Texas]], U.S.
| residence = [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[Texas]], U.S.
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = [[University of Texas at Austin]]
| occupation = Founder, Chairman and CEO of [[Dell Technologies]]
| spouse = Susan Lynn Lieberman (m. 1989)
| children = 4
| relatives = [[Adam Dell]] {{small|(brother)}}
| networth = [[US$]]28.6 billion (September 2018)<ref name="forbes-p">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-dell/|title=Profile: Michael Dell|publisher=''[[Forbes]]''|accessdate=2018-09-17}}</ref>
}}
'''Michael Saul Dell''' (born February 23, 1965) is an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and author. He is the founder and CEO of [[Dell Technologies]], one of the world's largest technology infrastructure companies. He is ranked as the 39th richest person in the world by ''[[Forbes]]'', with a net worth of [[US$]] 28.6 billion as of September 2018.<ref name="forbes-p"/>
In 2011, his 243.35 million shares of [[Dell|Dell Inc.]] stock were worth $3.5 billion, giving him 12% ownership of the company.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-10-15|url=http://www.thereformedbroker.com/2011/03/20/michael-dells-very-big-stock-purchase|title=Michael Dell’s Very Big Stock Purchase|publisher=The Reformed Broker|date=2011-03-20|author=Brown, Joshua}}</ref> His remaining wealth of roughly $10 billion is invested in other companies and is managed by a firm whose name, [[MSD Capital]], incorporates Dell's initials.<ref>{{cite news|accessdate=2011-10-15|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/stories/2010/02/08/focus1.html?page=all|title=Managing Michael Dell's multibillions|publisher=BizJournals|date=2010-02-07|first=Christopher|last=Calnan}}</ref> On January 5, 2013 it was announced that Michael Dell had bid to take Dell Inc. private for $24.4 billion in the biggest [[management buyout]] since the [[Great Recession]]. Dell Inc. officially went private on October 29, 2013.<ref>{{cite news |agency = [[Forbes]] | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/connieguglielmo/2013/10/30/you-wont-have-michael-dell-to-kick-around-anymore/| title= Dell Officially Goes Private: Inside The Nastiest Tech Buyout Ever| first =Connie| last = Guglielmo | date=October 30, 2013}}</ref>
==Early life and education==
Dell was born in 1965 in [[Houston]], to a Jewish family whose surname reflects the translation into English of the original [[German language|German]] ''Thal'' ("valley" or "dale [''[[q.v.]]'']"; modern common-noun spelling ''Tal'') upon the family's immigration to the United States.<ref>''Lone stars of David: the Jews of Texas'', By Hollace Ava Weiner, Kenneth Roseman, page 257, UPNE, 2007</ref> The son of Lorraine Charlotte (née Langfan), a [[stockbroker]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100213162103/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jan2007/tc20070131_658871.htm?campaign_id=msnbc_dell Biography of Michael Dell.] businessweek.com (From The Associated Press; 2007-01-31).</ref> and Alexander Dell, an [[orthodontist]], Michael Dell attended [[Gary L. Herod|Herod Elementary School]] in [[Houston]].<ref>[http://es.houstonisd.org/herodes/About_Herod/History_of_Our_school.htm History of Our School] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403040641/http://es.houstonisd.org/herodes/About_Herod/History_of_Our_school.htm |date=April 3, 2008 }}. Es.houstonisd.org. Retrieved on 2012-07-12.</ref> In a bid to enter business early, he applied to take a [[General Educational Development|high school equivalency exam]] at age eight. In his early teens, he invested his [[earnings]] from part-time jobs in [[stock]]s and [[precious metal]]s.<ref name=Achievement>{{cite web|title=Biography: Michael Dell Founder & Chairman, Dell Inc|url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/del0bio-1|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|accessdate=April 15, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531064147/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/del0bio-1|archivedate=May 31, 2010|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Dell purchased his first [[calculator]] at age seven and encountered an early [[teletype]] terminal in junior high. At age 15, after playing with computers at [[Radio Shack]], he got his first computer, an [[Apple II]], which he promptly disassembled to see how it worked.<ref name="Direct from Dell">{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|author2=Catherine Fredman|year=1999|publisher=[[HarperBusiness]]|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=6–7}}</ref> He got a job as a dishwasher at age 12 and was quickly promoted to [[maitre d']].<ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/id/38168029/ns/business-careers/t/lowest-paying-jobs-america/#.WMHJUBLyvaY</ref> Dell attended [[Memorial High School (Hedwig Village, Texas)|Memorial High School]] in Houston, selling subscriptions to the ''[[Houston Post]]'' in the summer. While making [[cold call]]s, he noted that the people most likely to purchase subscriptions were those in the process of establishing permanent geographic and social presence. He then hired some friends who scoured local court records so he could target this demographic group by collecting names from marriage and mortgage applications. He then segmented those leads by the size of the mortgage, calling on those with the highest mortgages first. Dell earned $18,000 that year, exceeding the annual income of his history and economics teacher.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|author2=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=4–5}}</ref> He used the company's first financial statement to convince his parents of his decision to drop out of college. The statement, dated July 31, 1984, shows a gross profit of nearly $200,000. Dell dropped out of the University of Texas in his first year aged 19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/MichaelDell/status/975186931138080768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/how-dell-founder-convinced-parents-to-drop-out-of-college/articleshow/63363208.cms&tfw_site=timesofindia|title=First financial statement for @Dell. The one I used to convince my parents that it was OK for me to not go back to collegepic.twitter.com/kKuGDsyvYZ|last=Dell|first=Michael|date=<!--6:47 PM - -->17 March 2018|website=@MichaelDell|accessdate=2018-03-20}}</ref>
==Business career==
[[File:PCs Limited Turbo PC signed by Michael Dell.jpg|thumb|A PC's Limited Turbo PC signed by Dell]]
[[File:Michael Dell at Oracle OpenWorld.JPG|thumb|Michael Dell lecturing at the [[Oracle OpenWorld]], San Francisco 2010]]
While a freshman pre-med student at the [[University of Texas]], Dell started an informal business putting together and selling upgrade kits for personal computers<ref>Kirk Ladendorf. "Dell remembers his beginning while looking toward the future" ''Austin American-Statesman''. November 27, 2011, pp. E1, E2.</ref> in Room 2713 of the [[Dobie Center]] residential building. He then applied for a vendor license to bid on contracts for the State of Texas, winning bids by not having the overhead of a computer store.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|author2=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=9–10}}</ref><ref>Larry Faulkner, President, University of Texas at Austin (2003). [http://www.dell.com/downloads/global/corporate/speeches/msd/2003_05_17_msd_commencement.pdf Michael Dell Remarks]. dell.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/austin/blog/real-estate/2014/04/uts-famed-high-rise-dorm-where-dell-launched-to.html|title=UT's famed high-rise dorm where Dell launched to get $4 million makeover|last=Buchholz|first=Jan|date=2014-04-29|website=|publisher=Statesman.com|accessdate=2017-01-05}}</ref>
In January 1984, Dell banked on his conviction that the potential cost savings of a [[Direct selling|manufacturer selling]] PCs directly had enormous advantages over the conventional indirect retail channel. In January 1984, Dell registered his company as "PC's Limited". Operating out of a [[condominium]], the business sold between $50,000 and $80,000 in upgraded PCs, kits, and add-on components. In May, Dell incorporated the company as "Dell Computer Corporation" and relocated it to a business center in North Austin. The company employed a few order takers, a few more people to fulfill them, and, as Dell recalled, a manufacturing staff "consisting of three guys with screwdrivers sitting at six-foot tables". The venture's [[capitalization cost]] was $1,000.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|author2=Catherine Fredman|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|pages=12–13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2004-03-04-dell-doffs-ceo-role_x.htm|title= Dell founder passes torch to new CEO|date=March 4, 2004|publisher=
''[[USA Today]]''|accessdate=January 6, 2010|first1=Michelle|last1=Kessler}}</ref>
In 1992, aged 27, he became the youngest CEO of a company ranked in ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine's list of the top 500 corporations.<ref name=NatPressClub>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/programs/npc/2000/000608.mdell.html|title=Michael Dell|work=National Press Club Summary|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=April 16, 2010|date=June 8, 2008}}</ref> In 1996, Dell started selling computers over the Web, the same year his company launched its first [[computer server|servers]]. Dell Inc. soon{{when|date=March 2018}} reported about $1 million in sales per day from dell.com.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|author2=Catherine Fredman|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|page=xiv}}</ref> In the first quarter of 2001, Dell Inc. reached a world market share of 12.8 percent, passing [[Compaq]] to become the world's largest PC maker. The metric marked the first time the rankings had shifted over the previous seven years. The company's combined shipments of desktops, notebooks and servers grew 34.3 percent worldwide and 30.7 percent in the United States at a time when competitor's sales were shrinking.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kanellos |first=Michael|title=Dell beats Compaq for No. 1 ranking|url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-256143.html|publisher=CNET News|date=April 1, 2001|accessdate=April 16, 2010}}</ref>
In 1998, Dell founded MSD Capital L.P. to manage his family's investments. Investment activities include publicly traded securities, private equity activities, and real estate. The firm employs 80 people and has offices in New York, Santa Monica and London. Dell himself is not involved in day-to-day operations.<ref>{{cite web|title=MSD Capital – About Us|url=http://www.msdcapital.com/about.htm|accessdate=April 17, 2010}}</ref> On March 4, 2004, Dell stepped down as CEO, but stayed as chairman of Dell Inc.'s board, while [[Kevin Rollins]], then president and [[chief operating officer|COO]], became president and CEO. On January 31, 2007, Dell returned as CEO at the request of the board, succeeding Rollins.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/01/technology/01dell.html?ex=1327986000&en=51d4bc242b1c6e8f&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss "Dell Chief Replaced by Founder"], ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref>
In 2013, Michael Dell with the help of [[Silver Lake Partners]], Microsoft, and a consortium of lenders took Dell, Inc. private. The deal was reportedly worth $25 billion and faced difficulties during its execution. Notable resistance came from [[Carl Icahn]], but after several months he stepped aside. Michael Dell received a 75% stake in the private company.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Guglielmo|first1=Connie|title=Dell Officially Goes Private: Inside the Nastiest Tech Buyout Ever|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/connieguglielmo/2013/10/30/you-wont-have-michael-dell-to-kick-around-anymore/#7a52b1224fd2|website=Forbes|accessdate=23 October 2016}}</ref>
On October 12, 2015, Dell Inc. announced its intent to acquire the enterprise software and storage company [[EMC Corporation]]. At $67 billion, it has been labeled the "highest-valued tech acquisition in history".<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34505553|title=Dell agrees $67bn EMC takeover|date=2015-10-12|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-11}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-12/dell-to-acquire-emc-for-67-billion-to-add-data-storage-devices|title=Dell to Buy EMC in Deal Worth About $67 Billion|date=2015-10-12|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2017-01-11}}</ref> The acquisition was finalized September 7, 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160907005946/en/Historic-Dell-EMC-Merger-Complete-Forms-World%E2%80%99s|title=Historic Dell and EMC Merger Complete; Forms World’s Largest Privately-Controlled Tech Company {{!}} Business Wire|website=www.businesswire.com|access-date=2017-01-11}}</ref>
==Penalty==
In July 2010 Dell Inc. agreed to pay a $100 million penalty to settle SEC charges<ref name="Sec.gov">{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2010/lr21599.htm|title=Dell Inc., Michael S. Dell, Kevin B. Rollins, James M. Schneider, Leslie L. Jackson, Nicholas A.R. Dunning|publisher=Sec.gov|date=2010-07-22|accessdate=2011-01-26}}</ref> of disclosure and accounting fraud in relation to undisclosed payments from [[Intel Corporation]]. Michael Dell and former CEO Kevin Rollins agreed to pay $4 million each, former CFO James Schneider to pay $3 million to settle the charges.<ref name="Sec.gov"/>
==Accolades==
Accolades for Dell include "Entrepreneur of the Year" (at age 24) from ''[[Inc. magazine|Inc.]]'' magazine;<ref name="Inc. award">{{cite web|last=Richman|first=Tom|title=The Entrepreneur of the Year|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/19900101/4986.html#dell|publisher=Inc.|accessdate=April 16, 2010|date=January 1, 1990}}</ref> "Top CEO in American Business" from ''[[Worth Magazine|Worth]]'' magazine; "CEO of the Year" from ''[[Financial World]]'', ''[[Industry Week]]'' and ''[[Chief Executive Magazine|Chief Executive]]'' magazines. Dell also received the 2013 [[Franklin Institute]]'s [[Bower Award for Business Leadership]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fi.edu/laureates/michael-s-dell|title=MICHAEL S. DELL|last=|first=|date=|year=|website=|publisher=[[Franklin Institute]]|accessdate=2016-12-19}}</ref>
==Affiliations==
Dell serves on the Foundation Board of the [[World Economic Forum]], the executive committee of the International Business Council, the U.S. Business Council. He previously served as a member of the U.S. President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dell.com/learn/us/en/uscorp1/bios/michael_dell?c=us&l=en&s=corp&cs=uscorp1|title=Michael Dell|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Dell Inc.|accessdate=28 April 2017}}</ref>
==Writings==
Dell's 1999 book, ''Direct from Dell: Strategies That Revolutionized an Industry'' (by [[HarperCollins|HarperBusiness]]), is an account of his early life, his company's founding, growth and missteps, as well as lessons learned. The book was written in collaboration with Catherine Fredman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dell|first=Michael|title=Direct from Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|year=1999|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=0-88730-914-3|author2=Catherine Fredman}}</ref>
==Wealth and personal life==
''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' estimates Dell's net worth as of September 2018 at $28.6 billion.<ref name="forbes-p"/> Dell married Susan Lieberman on October 28, 1989, in [[Austin, Texas]]; the couple reside there with their four children.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/42202/face-time-michael-dell|title=Face Time With Michael Dell|last=Fishman|first=Charles|date=2001-02-28|work=Fast Company|publisher=|newspaper=|language=en-US|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F42202%2Fface-time-michael-dell&date=2016-10-20|archive-date=2016-10-20|access-date=2016-10-20|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/A-Focus-on-Efficiency/172567|title=A Focus on Efficiency|last=Schwinn|first=Elizabeth|date=2006-04-06|work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|newspaper=|subscription=yes|access-date=2016-10-20|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/content/suddenly-susan|title=Suddenly Susan|last=COLLOFF|first=PAMELA|date=2000-07-31|work=|publisher=|newspaper=Texas Monthly|language=en-US|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasmonthly.com%2Farticles%2Fsuddenly-susan%2F&date=2016-10-20|archive-date=2016-10-20|access-date=2016-10-20|via=}}</ref>
In February 2018, it was reported that in 2014, Dell had paid $100.5 million for Manhattan's [[One57]] penthouse, which still held the record for the most expensive home ever sold in the city.<ref name=wsj-record>{{cite news |last=Clarke |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2018 |title=Michael Dell Paid a Record $100.47 Million for Manhattan’s One57 Penthouse |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/michael-dell-paid-a-record-100-47-million-for-manhattans-one57-penthouse-1519304017?mod=cx_picks&cx_navSource=cx_picks&cx_tag=poptarget&cx_artPos=1#cxrecs_s | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |location=The New York Times, New York City, United States |access-date=}}</ref>
===Philanthropy===
In 1999, Michael and Susan Dell established the [[Michael and Susan Dell Foundation]], which focuses on, among other causes, grants, urban education, childhood health and family economic stability. In 2006, the foundation provided $50 million in grants to three health-related organizations associated with the University of Texas: the Michael & Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Healthy Living, the Dell Pediatric Research Institute to complement the Dell Children's Medical Center, as well as funding for a new computer science building at the University of Texas at Austin campus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michael--susan-dell-foundation-grants-50-million-to-university-of-texas-to-bring-excellence-in-childrens-health-and-education-to-austin-56377712.html|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Grants $50 Million to University of Texas to Bring Excellence in Children's Health and Education to Austin|last=Foundation|first=Michael & Susan Dell|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> In 2013, the foundation provided an additional $50 million commitment to establish the Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.utexas.edu/2013/01/30-0|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Invests $50 million to Establish the Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin|date=2013-01-30|newspaper=UT News {{!}} The University of Texas at Austin|language=en|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> Since 1999, the MSDF has committed $1.23 billion to non-profits and social enterprises in the United States, India and South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msdf.org/|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation|website=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-31}}</ref> Dell is also behind the founding of the Dell Jewish Community Campus in the [[Northwest Hills (Austin, Texas)|Northwest Hills]] neighborhood of Austin.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/dells-great-success-story/|title=Dell's Great Success Story|last=Gwynne|first=S.C.|date=February 7, 2013|work=Texas Monthly|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref>
By 2011, the foundation had committed more than $650 million to children's issues and community initiatives in the [[United States]], [[India]] and [[South Africa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/michael--susan-dell-foundation-applauds-the-first-ladys-lets-move-campaign-to-end-childhood-obesity-83955497.html|title=Michael & Susan Dell Foundation Applauds the First Lady's 'Let's Move!' Campaign to End Childhood Obesity|first=Michael & Susan Dell|last=Foundation|publisher=|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Today the foundation has over $466 million assets under management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=4961328|title=The Michael and Susan Dell Foundation: Private Company Information - Businessweek|publisher=|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref>
In 2002, Dell received an honorary doctorate in [[Economic Science]] from the [[University of Limerick]] in honor of his investment in [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] and the local community and for his support for educational initiatives.<ref>Annette Condon (2002-05-29), [https://web.archive.org/web/20070710143111/http://www.ul.ie/main/news/dell.doc Michael Dell Conferred with Honorary Doctorate from the University of Limerick]. University of Limerick Press Release</ref>
In 2012, the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation committed $50 million for medical education. The [[Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin|Dell Medical School]] began enrolling students in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.statesman.com/news/news/dell-family-foundation-to-donate-60-million-for-ut/nT98b/ |title=Dell family foundation to donate $60 million for UT medical school, local health care|author= Ralph K.M. Haurwitz|publisher=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |date =January 30, 2013}}</ref>
In 2014, he donated $1.8 million to the [[Friends of the Israel Defense Forces]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hollywood gala raises a record $33 million for IDF|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/hollywood-gala-raises-a-record-33-million-for-idf/|accessdate=November 17, 2014|work=TIMES OF ISRAEL|date=November 8, 2014}}</ref>
In 2017, in the wake of [[Hurricane Harvey]], Dell, a Houston native, pledged $36 million to relief efforts.<ref>{{citenews|title=Tech billionaire Michael Dell pledges $36 million to Harvey relief efforts|url=http://money.cnn.com/2017/09/01/technology/michael-dell-harvey-donation/index.html?sr=fbCNN090117michael-dell-harvey-donation1212PMStory|accessdate=September 1, 2017|work=CNN|date=September 1, 2017}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Sources==
* {{cite book|title=Direct From Dell: Strategies that Revolutionized an Industry|last=Dell|first=Michael|author2=Catherine Fredman|year=1999|publisher= HarperColins Publishers|location=New York, New York|isbn=0-88730-914-3|ref=dirdell}}
==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Commons category inline}}
{{Dell Inc}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dell, Michael}}
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