Changes
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rename duplicate parm
{{distinguish|Muslin}}
{{other uses|Muslim (name)|Muslim (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{infobox religious group
| group = Muslims
| native_name = {{lang-ar|مسلم}}
| population = '''1.8 billion''' worldwide (2015 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/|title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group|last1=Lipka|first1=Michael|last2=Hackett|first2=Conrad|date=6 April 2017|website=pewresearch.org|accessdate=23 August 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823093024/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/|archivedate=23 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=JDB>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/|title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050|date=2 April 2015|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=22 February 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170222214102/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/|archivedate=22 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="pewmuslim1">{{cite web|url=http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/ |title=Muslim Population by Country |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |accessdate=22 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archivedate=9 February 2011 }}</ref>
| founder = [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Alford T. Welch, Ahmad S. Moussalli, Gordon D. Newby|title=Muḥammad|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|quote=The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the founder of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a “warner,” first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.}}</ref>
| image = [[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|300px]]
| caption = Muslims praying in 1865 [[Cairo]] by [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]]
| region1 = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| pop1 = 227,226,404
| ref1 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-05-24|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210041527/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html|archivedate=10 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region2 = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| pop2 = 197,547,566
| ref2 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-11-05|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703220143/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html|archivedate=3 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region3 = {{flag|India}}
| pop3 = 189,000,000
| ref3 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/muslim-population-in-india.html|title=Muslim Population in India - Muslims in Indian States|website=www.indiaonlinepages.com|access-date=2017-10-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908034112/http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/muslim-population-in-india.html|archivedate=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region4 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| pop4 = 148,607,000
| ref4 = <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pewforum.org/interactives/muslim-population-graphic/#/Bangladesh|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=2011-01-15|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=2017-05-24|language=en-US|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524215707/http://www.pewforum.org/interactives/muslim-population-graphic/#/Bangladesh|archivedate=24 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region5 = {{nowrap|{{flag|Nigeria}}}}
| pop5 = 95,316,131
| ref5 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5gSwE0b5H?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html|archivedate=2 May 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region6 = {{flag|Egypt}}
| pop6 = 87,336,965
| ref6 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611035416/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html|archivedate=11 June 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region7 = {{flag|Iran}}
| pop7 = 81,529,435
| ref7 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119021206/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|archivedate=19 November 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region8 = {{flag|Turkey}}
| pop8 = 80,683,525
| ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920072149/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html|archivedate=20 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region9 = {{flag|China}}
| pop9 = 50,000,000
| ref9 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html|title=Refworld - 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom - China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau)|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|website=Refworld|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017100901/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html|archivedate=17 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region10 = {{flag|Algeria}}
| pop10 = 40,559,749
| ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mqzwboNV?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html|archivedate=17 January 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region11 = {{flag|Iraq}}
| pop11 = 38,800,190
| ref11 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20090513053741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html|archivedate=13 May 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region12 = {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| pop12 = 35,713,657
| ref12 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110223164407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|archivedate=23 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region13 = {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| pop13 = 34,022,437
| ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920072213/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html|archivedate=20 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region14 = {{flag|Morocco}}
| pop14 = 33,646,788
| ref14 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BOX97UlY?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html|archivedate=13 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region15 = {{flag|Sudan}}
| pop15 = 30,490,000
| ref15 = <ref name="JDB" />
| region16 = {{flag|Yemen}}
| pop16 = 27,784,498
| ref16 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ym.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210512/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ym.html|archivedate=12 June 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region17 = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| pop17 = 27,143,182
| ref17 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20100522160509/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html|archivedate=22 May 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region18 = {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
| pop18 = 26,550,000
| ref18 = <ref name="JDB" />
| region19 = {{flag|Malaysia}}
| pop19 = 19,237,161
| ref19 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228233159/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html|archivedate=28 December 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region20 = {{flag|Syria}}
| pop20 = 18,930,000
| ref20 = <ref name="JDB" />
| region21 = Rest of the world
| pop21 = 287,230,000
| ref21 = <ref name="JDB" />
| languages = {{Plainlist|
* '''Predominant spoken languages:'''<ref>{{cite report|url=http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf |title=Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations, 1910–2010 |last1=Grim |first1=Brian J. |last2=Johnson |first2=Todd M. |date=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |access-date=10 March 2017 |page=22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf |archivedate=20 October 2013 }}</ref><br>{{Hlist|[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|[[Hindi]]|[[Urdu]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]|[[Javanese language|Javanese]]|[[Dungan language|Donggan]]|[[Hausa language|Hausa]]|[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]|[[Malay language|Malay]]|[[Fulani language|Fulani]]|[[Persian language|Farsi]]|[[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]|other [[vernacular]] languages of the [[Muslim world]]}}
}}
'''Sacred languages:'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Al-Jallad|first=Ahmad|title=Polygenesis in the Arabic Dialects|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics/polygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics&s.q=neo-arabic|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815234348/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics/polygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics&s.q=neo-arabic|archivedate=15 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />{{Hlist|[[Classical Arabic]]}}
| scriptures = [[Quran]]<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Nasr|first=Seyyed Hossein|authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr|title=Qurʼān|year=2007|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|accessdate=4 November 2007|location=|publisher=|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68890/Quran|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016200056/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68890/Quran|archivedate=16 October 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| religions = 65–75% [[Sunni Islam]]<ref name=Distrib>{{cite web|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf|date=October 2009|publisher=Pew Research Center|accessdate=22 February 2017|quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205171040/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf|archivedate=5 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Denied|Original source estimated 87–90% of Muslims to adhere to Sunni Islam but counted almost all non-denominational Muslims as Sunni. To get a more accurate estimation, percentage of Non-denominational Muslims (15–20%) was subtracted from the original estimation}}<br>10–13% [[Shia Islam]]<ref name=Distrib/><br>15–20% [[Non-denominational Muslim|Non-denominational Islam]]<ref name=affiliation>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|date=9 August 2012|website=The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]'s Religion & Public Life Project|accessdate=4 September 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226113158/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|archivedate=26 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br>~1% [[Ahmadiyya]]<ref name="ahmadi" /><br>~1% Other Muslim traditions, e.g. [[Ibadi Islam]]<ref name=affiliation/>
}}
{{Islam}}
A '''Muslim''' ({{lang-ar|مُسلِم}}) is someone who follows or practices [[Islam]], a [[monotheistic]] [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic religion]]. Muslims consider the [[Quran]], their [[holy book]], to be the verbatim word of [[God in Islam|God]] as revealed to the [[Muhammad in Islam|Islamic]] [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophet and messenger]] [[Muhammad]]. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad (''[[sunnah]]'') as recorded in traditional accounts (''[[hadith]]'').<ref>{{cite book|title=The Qurʼan and Sayings of Prophet Muhammad: Selections Annotated & Explained|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzx8HlsGnTcC&pg=PR21|accessdate=31 August 2013|year=2007|publisher=SkyLight Paths Publishing|isbn=978-1-59473-222-5|pages=21–}}</ref> "Muslim" is an [[Arabic language|Arabic word]] meaning "submitter" (to God).<ref>{{cite web|title=Muslim|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim|publisher=etymonline.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150907223337/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim|archivedate=7 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The beliefs of Muslims include: that God ({{lang-ar|الله}} ''[[Allāh|{{transl|ar|ALA|Allāh}}]]'') is eternal, transcendent and absolutely one (''[[tawhid]]''); that God is incomparable, self-sustaining and neither begets nor was begotten; that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that has been revealed before through many prophets including [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], [[Ishmael in Islam|Ishmael]], [[Isaac in Islam|Isaac]], [[Moses in Islam|Moses]], and [[Jesus in Islam|Jesus]];<ref name="People-of-the-Book"/> that these previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time (''[[tahrif]]'')<ref name="Distorted"/> and that the Qur'an is the final unaltered revelation from God (Final Testament).<ref>Submission.org, Quran: The Final Testament, Authorized English Version with Arabic Text, Revised Edition IV,{{ISBN|0-9729209-2-7}}, p. x.</ref>
==Qualifier==
The religious practices of Muslims are enumerated in the [[Five Pillars of Islam]]: the declaration of faith (''[[shahadah]]''), daily prayers (''[[salat]]''), fasting during the month of [[Ramadan]] (''[[sawm]]''), almsgiving (''[[zakat]]''), and the pilgrimage to [[Mecca]] (''[[hajj]]'') at least once in a lifetime.<ref name="WSU" /><ref name="CIA" />
To become a Muslim and to convert to Islam is essential to utter the ''[[Shahada]]'', one of the [[Five Pillars of Islam]], a [[declaration of faith]] and trust that professes that there is [[tawhid|only one]] [[God in Islam|God]] ''([[Allah]])'' and that [[Muhammad]] is God's messenger.<ref>[http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1859 From the article on the Pillars of Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170426134526/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1859 |date=26 April 2017 }}</ref> It is a set statement normally recited in Arabic: ''lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu-llāh'' ({{lang|ar|لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله}}) "There is no god but Allah, (and) Muhammad is the messenger of God."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=vHG_VulBdd4C&pg=PA87&dq=convert+islam+shahada#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Matthew S. Gordon and Martin Palmer, ''Islam'', Info base Publishing, 2009| page= 87 |accessdate=26 August 2012|isbn=9781438117782|last1=Gordon|first1=Matthew|last2=Gordon|first2=Professor of Middle East Islamic History Matthew S|year=2009}}</ref>
In [[Sunni Islam]], the shahada has two parts: ''la ilaha illa'llah'' (there is no god but [[Allah|God]]), and ''Muhammadun rasul Allah'' ([[Muhammad]] is the messenger of God),<ref name="LS">Lindsay, p. 140–141</ref> which are sometimes referred to as the first ''shahada'' and the second ''shahada''.<ref name="Cornell9">Cornell, p. 9</ref> The first statement of the shahada is also known as the ''[[tahlil|tahlīl]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Anthony Sells|title=Approaching the Qur'an: The Early Revelations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYCFTVDDKmkC|year=1999|publisher=White Cloud Press|page=151|isbn=9781883991265}}</ref>
In [[Shia Islam]], the shahada also has a third part, a phrase concerning [[Ali]], the first [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Shia Imam]] and the fourth [[Rashidun|Rashid caliph]] of [[Sunni Islam]]: {{lang|ar|وعليٌ وليُّ الله}} ({{transl|ar|DIN|wa ʿalīyyun walīyyu-llāh}}), which translates to "Ali is the ''[[wali]]'' of God.<ref>''The Later Mughals'' by [[William Irvine (historian)|William Irvine]] p. 130</ref>
==Lexicology==
{{see also|Islam#Etymology and meaning}}
The word ''muslim'' ({{lang-ar|مسلم}}, {{IPA-ar|ˈmʊslɪm|IPA}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|m|ʌ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|s|l|ᵻ|m}} or ''moslem'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|z|l|ə|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|s|l|ə|m}}<ref name="muslim pron" />) is the [[active participle]] of the same verb of which ''islām'' is a [[verbal noun]], based on the [[triliteral]] ''[[S-L-M]]'' "to be whole, intact".<ref>Burns & Ralph, ''World Civilizations'', 5th ed., p. 371.</ref><ref>Entry for ''šlm'', p. 2067, Appendix B: Semitic Roots, ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', 4th ed., Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, {{ISBN|0-618-08230-1}}.</ref> A female adherent is a ''muslima'' ({{lang-ar|مسلمة}}) (also [[transliteration|transliterated]] as "Muslimah"<ref>[http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/muslimah Muslimah] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817020605/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/muslimah |date=17 August 2016 }}. ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Oxford University Press. 2016</ref> ). The plural form in Arabic is ''muslimūn'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمون}}) or ''muslimīn'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمين}}), and its feminine equivalent is ''muslimāt'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمات}}). The Arabic form ''muslimun'' is the stem IV [[Arabic grammar#Participle|participle]]{{refn|group=note|name=participle|also known as "infinitive"}} of the triliteral ''S-L-M''.
The ordinary word in English is "Muslim". It is sometimes [[transliteration|transliterated]] as "Moslem", which is an older spelling.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} The word ''Mosalman'' ({{lang-fa|مسلمان}}, alternatively ''Mussalman'') is a common equivalent for ''Muslim'' used in [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]]. Until at least the mid-1960s, many English-language writers used the term ''[[Mohammedan]]s'' or ''Mahometans''.<ref>See for instance the second edition of ''[[Fowler's Modern English Usage|A Dictionary of Modern English Usage]]'' by [[Henry Watson Fowler|H. W. Fowler]], revised by [[Ernest Gowers]] (Oxford, 1965).</ref> Although such terms were not necessarily intended to be [[pejorative]], Muslims argue that the terms are offensive because they allegedly imply that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than God.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}</ref> Other obsolete terms include ''Muslimite''<ref>{{Cite OED|Muslimite}}</ref> and ''Muslimist''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abbas|first1=Tahir|title=Muslim Britain: Communities Under Pressure|date=2005|pages=50}}</ref>
'''Musulmán'''/'''Mosalmán''' ({{lang-fa|مسلمان}}) is a synonym for ''Muslim'' and is modified from [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. It is the origin of the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word ''{{lang|es|musulmán}}'', the (dated) [[German language|German]] ''{{lang|de|Muselmann}}'', the French word ''musulman'', the [[Polish language|Polish]] words ''{{lang|pl|muzułmanin}}'' and ''{{lang|pl|muzułmański}}'', the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word ''{{lang|pt|muçulmano}}'', the [[Italian language|Italian]] word ''{{lang|it|mussulmano}}'' or ''{{lang|it|musulmano}}'', the [[Romanian language|Romanian]] word ''musulman'' and the [[Greek Language|Greek]] word {{lang|el|μουσουλμάνος}} (all used for a Muslim).<ref>[http://www.religion-encyclopedia.com/M/musalman.htm Musalman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104031529/http://www.religion-encyclopedia.com/M/musalman.htm |date=4 January 2007 }} – Internet Encyclopedia of Religion</ref> In English it was sometimes spelled '''Mussulman''' and has become [[Archaism|archaic]] in usage.
Apart from Persian, Spanish, Polish, Portuguese, Italian, and Greek, the term could be found, with obvious local differences, in [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Dari (Persian dialect)|Dari]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Panjabi language|Panjabi]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]], [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]], [[Maltese language|Maltese]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], and [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]].
==Meaning==
The Muslim philosopher [[Ibn Arabi]] said:
{{Quote|A Muslim is a person who has dedicated his worship exclusively to God...''Islam'' means making one's religion and faith God's alone.<ref>''Commentary on the Qur'an'', Razi, I, p. 432, Cairo, 1318/1900</ref>}}
===Other prophets===
The Qur'an describes many prophets and messengers within Judaism and Christianity, and their respective followers, as Muslim: [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]], [[Noah]], [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], [[Ishmael in Islam|Ishmael]], [[Jacob]], [[Islamic view of Moses|Moses]], and [[Islamic view of Jesus|Jesus]] and his [[apostles]] are all considered to be Muslims in the Qur'an. The Qur'an states that these men were Muslims because they submitted to God, preached His message and upheld His values, which included praying, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Thus, in Surah 3:52 of the Qur'an, Jesus' disciples tell him, "We believe in God; and you be our witness that we are Muslims (''wa-shahad be anna muslimūn'')." In Muslim belief, before the Qur'an, God had given the [[Tawrat]] ([[Torah]]) to Moses, the [[Zabur]] ([[Psalms]]) to [[David]] and the [[Injil]] ([[Gospel]]) to Jesus, who are all considered important [[Prophets of Islam|Muslim prophets]].
==Demographics==
[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=2|World Muslim population by percentage ({{as of|2010|alt=2010 data|lc=on}} from [[Pew Research Center]])]]
[[File:Muslim population map 2009.png|thumb|A map of Muslim populations by absolute number, ([[Pew Research Center]], 2009)]]
{{main|Islam#Demographics}}
{{see also|List of countries by Muslim population}}
The most populous Muslim-majority country is Indonesia, home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims,<ref name="Distrib" /> followed by Pakistan (11.0%), Bangladesh (9.2%), and Egypt (4.9%).<ref name="Islam_by_country" /> About 20% of the world's Muslims lives in the Middle East and North Africa.<ref name="Distrib" /><ref>{{Cite book
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-19-515713-0
| last = Esposito
| first = John L.
| title = What everyone needs to know about Islam
| page = 21
| date = 15 October 2002
}} and {{Cite book
| edition = Rev. 3rd ed., updated with new epilogue.
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-19-518266-8
| last = Esposito
| first = John
| title = Islam : the straight path
| location = New York
| pages = 2, 43
| year = 2005
}}</ref>
Sizable minorities are also found in [[Islam in India|India]], [[Islam in China|China]], [[Islam in Russia|Russia]], [[Islam in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]], [[Islam in the Americas|the Americas]], [[Islam in Australia|Australia]] and parts of [[Islam in Europe|Europe]]. The country with the highest proportion of self-described Muslims as a proportion of its total population is Morocco.<ref name="JDB" /> Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world.
Over 75–90% of Muslims are [[Sunni]].<ref name=Sunni /><ref name="Sunni Islam" /> The second and third largest sects, [[Shia]] and [[Ahmadiyya]], make up 10–20%,<ref name=Shia /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide... |deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archivedate=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and 1%<ref name="ahmadi" /> respectively.
With about 1.8 billion followers (2015), almost a quarter of [[world population|earth's population]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|website=Pew Research Center|date=April 5, 2017|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape}}</ref> Islam is the [[major religious groups|second-largest]] and the [[Growth of religion|fastest-growing religion in the world]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/index.html|title=The fastest growing religion in the world is ...|last=Burke|first=Daniel|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 May 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511135834/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/index.html|archivedate=11 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> due primarily to the young age and high [[fertility rate]] of Muslims,<ref name="pew"/> with Muslim having a rate of (3.1) compared to the world average of (2.5). According to the same study, [[Religious conversion|religious switching]] has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who [[Convert to Islam|embrace Islam]] and those who [[Apostasy in Islam|leave Islam]] are roughly equal.<ref name="pew">{{cite report|url=http://www.euro-muslims.eu/future_global.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011|access-date=10 March 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306170008/http://www.euro-muslims.eu/future_global.pdf|archivedate=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
A Pew Center study in 2016 found that Muslims have the highest number of adherents under the age of 15 (or 34% of the total Muslim population) of any major religion, while only 7% are aged 60+ (the smallest percentage of any major religion). According to the same study, Muslims have the highest [[fertility rate]]s (3.1) of any major religious group.<ref name="Pew2016">{{cite web |access-date=19 December 2016 |title=Religion and Education Around the World |url=http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=13 December 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222152619/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf |archivedate=22 December 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The study also found that Muslims have the lowest average levels of [[education]] after [[Hindus]], with an average of 5.6 years of schooling.<ref name="Pew2016"/> About 36% of all Muslims have no formal schooling,<ref name="Pew2016"/> and Muslims have the lowest average levels of [[higher education]] of any major religious group, with only 8% having [[Academic degree|graduate]] and [[post-graduate]] degrees.<ref name="Pew2016"/>
==See also==
* [[Non-denominational Muslim]]
* [[Islamic schools and branches]]
* [[Muhammadan]]
* [[Lists of Muslims]]
* [[Muslim holidays]]
* [[Muslim world]]
* [[Mu'min]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="People-of-the-Book">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpeople.html |title=People of the Book |website=[[Islam: Empire of Faith]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |accessdate=18 December 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628213312/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpeople.html |archivedate=28 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Distorted">See:
* Accad (2003): According to [[Ibn Taymiyya]], although only some Muslims accept the textual veracity of the entire Bible, most Muslims will grant the veracity of most of it.
* Esposito (1998), pp.6,12
* Esposito (2002b), pp.4–5
* F. E. Peters (2003), p.9
* {{cite encyclopedia | title=Muhammad | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=F. Buhl |author2=A. T. Welch}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title=Tahrif | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh}}</ref>
<ref name="WSU">{{cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM |title=arkan ad-din the five pillars of religion |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |location=United States |first=Richard |last=Hooker |date=14 July 1999|accessdate=17 November 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203124633/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archivedate=3 December 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location=United States |year=2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archivedate=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="muslim pron">[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muslim "Muslim"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220112121/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muslim |date=20 February 2016 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]'': {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|s|l|ᵻ|m}}; ''[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moslem moslem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515200017/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moslem |date=15 May 2011 }}'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|z|l|ə|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|s|l|ə|m}}</ref>
<ref name=Shia>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540503/Shiite |title=Shīʿite |quote=Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide. |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=25 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809124154/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540503/Shiite |archivedate=9 August 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name=Sunni>See:
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia] "some 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"
* [http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=17 March 2012 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false Iran, Israel and the United States] "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"
* {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |title=Sunnite |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |quote=They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām. |accessdate=26 August 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809124159/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |archivedate=9 August 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{Cite book |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |quote=A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent. |volume= |year=2010 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |location= |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=352 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA130&dq=Sunnis+are+90%25#v=onepage&q=Sunnis%20are%2090%25&f=false |accessdate=19 December 2011 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=24 August 2010 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 October 2009 }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |publisher=BBC News |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |accessdate=18 December 2011 |date=6 December 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206173334/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |archivedate=6 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0060) |title=Sunni and Shia Islam |publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] |quote=Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims. |accessdate=17 December 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216211306/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+af0060%29 |archivedate=16 February 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |work=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |accessdate=18 December 2011 |date=24 September 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210020455/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |archivedate=10 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide... |deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archivedate=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3&dq=Sunni+Islam&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2DLuTujOEcesrAej29DdCA&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Sunni%20Islam&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4Ts0GkJBKgC&pg=PA20&dq=&hl=en&ei=hf7hTrCmNsvB8QOllfmCBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CE0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Inside Muslim minds] "around 80% are Sunni"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=3w_ngX--ji4C&pg=PA103&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Who Gets To Narrate the World] "The Sunnis (approximately 80%)"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=vD2TJNc7NE4C&pg=PA265&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=&f=false A world theology] N. Ross Reat "80% being the Sunni"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&pg=PA32&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Islam and the Ahmadiyya jama'at] "The Sunni segment, accounting for at least 80% of the world's Muslim population"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"
</ref>
<ref name="Sunni Islam">From [[Sunni Islam]]: See:
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia] "some 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"
*{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population |accessdate=8 December 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archivedate=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
*[http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=17 March 2012 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false Iran, Israel and the United States] "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"
* {{Cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=24 August 2010 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 October 2009 }}
* {{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |publisher=[[BBC News]] |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |accessdate=18 December 2011 |date=6 December 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124100835/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm |archivedate=24 November 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |work=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |accessdate=18 December 2011 |date=24 September 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210020455/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |archivedate=10 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."
</ref>
<ref name="ahmadi">See:
*{{Cite book|title=Breach of Faith|quote=Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate|volume=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|location=|isbn=|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=29 March 2014|date=June 2005}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Asian Religions in British Columbia|quote=The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world|author1=Larry DeVries|author2=Don Baker|author3=Dan Overmyer|last-author-amp=yes|accessdate=29 March 2014|isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5|publisher=University of Columbia Press|date=2011-01-01}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|quote=The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million|author=Juan Eduardo Campo|publisher=|page=24|accessdate=29 March 2014|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|year=2009}}
*{{Cite web| url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/| title=Ahmadiyya Muslims| publisher=pbs.org| accessdate=6 October 2013| deadurl=no| archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20131006204711/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/| archivedate=6 October 2013| df=dmy-all}}
*A figure of 10–20 million represents approximately 1% of the Muslim population. See also [[Ahmadiyya by country]].</ref>
<ref name="Islam_by_country">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_isl_num_of_mus-religion-islam-number-of-muslim|title=Number of Muslim by country|publisher=nationmaster.com|accessdate=30 May 2007|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703191735/http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_isl_num_of_mus-religion-islam-number-of-muslim|archivedate=3 July 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{wiktionary|مسلمان}}
{{Wiktionary|Wikisaurus:Muslim}}
{{Commons category|Muslims}}
*[http://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/understanding-islam/legal-rulings/53-ritual-prayer-its-meaning-and-manner.html Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner] – The Islamic Supreme Council of America.
*[http://teachmiddleeast.lib.uchicago.edu/historical-perspectives/rulership-and-justice/islamic-period/essay/essay-02.html Muhammad and the First Muslim Ummah] – University of Chicago
* [http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/ ''Islamophobia Today'' Newspaper] – An Islamophobia news clearing house
* [https://www.academia.edu/24419416/UNDERSTANDING_and_COUNTERING_ISLAMOPHOBIA Sammy Aziz Rahmatti, ''Understanding and Countering Islamophobia'']
*[[Wiktionary:Wikisaurus:Muslim|WikiSaurus:Muslim]]
* {{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/understanding-islam |title=Understanding Islam |website=Susan Headden |date=7 April 2008 |accessdate=25 August 2010}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |title=Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents |publisher=[[Adherents.com]] |accessdate=3 July 2007}}
{{Characters and names in the Quran}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Muslims| ]]
[[Category:Islam| ]]
[[Category:Quranic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Religious identity]]
{{other uses|Muslim (name)|Muslim (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-semi|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{infobox religious group
| group = Muslims
| native_name = {{lang-ar|مسلم}}
| population = '''1.8 billion''' worldwide (2015 est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/|title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group|last1=Lipka|first1=Michael|last2=Hackett|first2=Conrad|date=6 April 2017|website=pewresearch.org|accessdate=23 August 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823093024/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/|archivedate=23 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=JDB>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/|title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050|date=2 April 2015|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=22 February 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170222214102/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/|archivedate=22 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="pewmuslim1">{{cite web|url=http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/ |title=Muslim Population by Country |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |accessdate=22 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archivedate=9 February 2011 }}</ref>
| founder = [[Muhammad in Islam|Muhammad]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Alford T. Welch, Ahmad S. Moussalli, Gordon D. Newby|title=Muḥammad|encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|editor=John L. Esposito|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2009|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0550|quote=The Prophet of Islam was a religious, political, and social reformer who gave rise to one of the great civilizations of the world. From a modern, historical perspective, Muḥammad was the founder of Islam. From the perspective of the Islamic faith, he was God's Messenger (rasūl Allāh), called to be a “warner,” first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.}}</ref>
| image = [[File:Prayer in Cairo 1865.jpg|300px]]
| caption = Muslims praying in 1865 [[Cairo]] by [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]]
| region1 = {{flag|Indonesia}}
| pop1 = 227,226,404
| ref1 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-05-24|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210041527/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html|archivedate=10 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region2 = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| pop2 = 197,547,566
| ref2 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html|title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-11-05|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703220143/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pk.html|archivedate=3 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region3 = {{flag|India}}
| pop3 = 189,000,000
| ref3 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/muslim-population-in-india.html|title=Muslim Population in India - Muslims in Indian States|website=www.indiaonlinepages.com|access-date=2017-10-04|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908034112/http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/muslim-population-in-india.html|archivedate=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region4 = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| pop4 = 148,607,000
| ref4 = <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pewforum.org/interactives/muslim-population-graphic/#/Bangladesh|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|date=2011-01-15|work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=2017-05-24|language=en-US|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524215707/http://www.pewforum.org/interactives/muslim-population-graphic/#/Bangladesh|archivedate=24 May 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region5 = {{nowrap|{{flag|Nigeria}}}}
| pop5 = 95,316,131
| ref5 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5gSwE0b5H?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ni.html|archivedate=2 May 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region6 = {{flag|Egypt}}
| pop6 = 87,336,965
| ref6 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611035416/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html|archivedate=11 June 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region7 = {{flag|Iran}}
| pop7 = 81,529,435
| ref7 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119021206/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html|archivedate=19 November 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region8 = {{flag|Turkey}}
| pop8 = 80,683,525
| ref8 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=31 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920072149/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html|archivedate=20 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region9 = {{flag|China}}
| pop9 = 50,000,000
| ref9 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html|title=Refworld - 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom - China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau)|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|website=Refworld|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017100901/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html|archivedate=17 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region10 = {{flag|Algeria}}
| pop10 = 40,559,749
| ref10 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mqzwboNV?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ag.html|archivedate=17 January 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region11 = {{flag|Iraq}}
| pop11 = 38,800,190
| ref11 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20090513053741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html|archivedate=13 May 2009|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region12 = {{flag|Ethiopia}}
| pop12 = 35,713,657
| ref12 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110223164407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html|archivedate=23 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region13 = {{flag|Afghanistan}}
| pop13 = 34,022,437
| ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920072213/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html|archivedate=20 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region14 = {{flag|Morocco}}
| pop14 = 33,646,788
| ref14 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BOX97UlY?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mo.html|archivedate=13 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region15 = {{flag|Sudan}}
| pop15 = 30,490,000
| ref15 = <ref name="JDB" />
| region16 = {{flag|Yemen}}
| pop16 = 27,784,498
| ref16 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ym.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210512/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ym.html|archivedate=12 June 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region17 = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| pop17 = 27,143,182
| ref17 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20100522160509/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html|archivedate=22 May 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region18 = {{flag|Uzbekistan}}
| pop18 = 26,550,000
| ref18 = <ref name="JDB" />
| region19 = {{flag|Malaysia}}
| pop19 = 19,237,161
| ref19 = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html|title=The World Factbook|publisher=|accessdate=14 February 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228233159/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html|archivedate=28 December 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| region20 = {{flag|Syria}}
| pop20 = 18,930,000
| ref20 = <ref name="JDB" />
| region21 = Rest of the world
| pop21 = 287,230,000
| ref21 = <ref name="JDB" />
| languages = {{Plainlist|
* '''Predominant spoken languages:'''<ref>{{cite report|url=http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf |title=Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations, 1910–2010 |last1=Grim |first1=Brian J. |last2=Johnson |first2=Todd M. |date=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |access-date=10 March 2017 |page=22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf |archivedate=20 October 2013 }}</ref><br>{{Hlist|[[Arabic language|Arabic]]|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|[[Hindi]]|[[Urdu]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|[[Turkish language|Turkish]]|[[Javanese language|Javanese]]|[[Dungan language|Donggan]]|[[Hausa language|Hausa]]|[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]|[[Malay language|Malay]]|[[Fulani language|Fulani]]|[[Persian language|Farsi]]|[[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]|other [[vernacular]] languages of the [[Muslim world]]}}
}}
'''Sacred languages:'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Al-Jallad|first=Ahmad|title=Polygenesis in the Arabic Dialects|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics/polygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics&s.q=neo-arabic|language=en|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815234348/http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics/polygenesis-in-the-arabic-dialects-EALL_SIM_000030?s.num=1&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-arabic-language-and-linguistics&s.q=neo-arabic|archivedate=15 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />{{Hlist|[[Classical Arabic]]}}
| scriptures = [[Quran]]<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Nasr|first=Seyyed Hossein|authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr|title=Qurʼān|year=2007|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|accessdate=4 November 2007|location=|publisher=|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68890/Quran|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016200056/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-68890/Quran|archivedate=16 October 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| religions = 65–75% [[Sunni Islam]]<ref name=Distrib>{{cite web|title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf|date=October 2009|publisher=Pew Research Center|accessdate=22 February 2017|quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims.|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205171040/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2009/10/Muslimpopulation.pdf|archivedate=5 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|name=Denied|Original source estimated 87–90% of Muslims to adhere to Sunni Islam but counted almost all non-denominational Muslims as Sunni. To get a more accurate estimation, percentage of Non-denominational Muslims (15–20%) was subtracted from the original estimation}}<br>10–13% [[Shia Islam]]<ref name=Distrib/><br>15–20% [[Non-denominational Muslim|Non-denominational Islam]]<ref name=affiliation>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|title=Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation|date=9 August 2012|website=The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity|publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]'s Religion & Public Life Project|accessdate=4 September 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226113158/http://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity|archivedate=26 December 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br>~1% [[Ahmadiyya]]<ref name="ahmadi" /><br>~1% Other Muslim traditions, e.g. [[Ibadi Islam]]<ref name=affiliation/>
}}
{{Islam}}
A '''Muslim''' ({{lang-ar|مُسلِم}}) is someone who follows or practices [[Islam]], a [[monotheistic]] [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic religion]]. Muslims consider the [[Quran]], their [[holy book]], to be the verbatim word of [[God in Islam|God]] as revealed to the [[Muhammad in Islam|Islamic]] [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|prophet and messenger]] [[Muhammad]]. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad (''[[sunnah]]'') as recorded in traditional accounts (''[[hadith]]'').<ref>{{cite book|title=The Qurʼan and Sayings of Prophet Muhammad: Selections Annotated & Explained|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzx8HlsGnTcC&pg=PR21|accessdate=31 August 2013|year=2007|publisher=SkyLight Paths Publishing|isbn=978-1-59473-222-5|pages=21–}}</ref> "Muslim" is an [[Arabic language|Arabic word]] meaning "submitter" (to God).<ref>{{cite web|title=Muslim|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim|publisher=etymonline.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150907223337/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim|archivedate=7 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The beliefs of Muslims include: that God ({{lang-ar|الله}} ''[[Allāh|{{transl|ar|ALA|Allāh}}]]'') is eternal, transcendent and absolutely one (''[[tawhid]]''); that God is incomparable, self-sustaining and neither begets nor was begotten; that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that has been revealed before through many prophets including [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], [[Ishmael in Islam|Ishmael]], [[Isaac in Islam|Isaac]], [[Moses in Islam|Moses]], and [[Jesus in Islam|Jesus]];<ref name="People-of-the-Book"/> that these previous messages and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time (''[[tahrif]]'')<ref name="Distorted"/> and that the Qur'an is the final unaltered revelation from God (Final Testament).<ref>Submission.org, Quran: The Final Testament, Authorized English Version with Arabic Text, Revised Edition IV,{{ISBN|0-9729209-2-7}}, p. x.</ref>
==Qualifier==
The religious practices of Muslims are enumerated in the [[Five Pillars of Islam]]: the declaration of faith (''[[shahadah]]''), daily prayers (''[[salat]]''), fasting during the month of [[Ramadan]] (''[[sawm]]''), almsgiving (''[[zakat]]''), and the pilgrimage to [[Mecca]] (''[[hajj]]'') at least once in a lifetime.<ref name="WSU" /><ref name="CIA" />
To become a Muslim and to convert to Islam is essential to utter the ''[[Shahada]]'', one of the [[Five Pillars of Islam]], a [[declaration of faith]] and trust that professes that there is [[tawhid|only one]] [[God in Islam|God]] ''([[Allah]])'' and that [[Muhammad]] is God's messenger.<ref>[http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1859 From the article on the Pillars of Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170426134526/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1859 |date=26 April 2017 }}</ref> It is a set statement normally recited in Arabic: ''lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāhu muḥammadun rasūlu-llāh'' ({{lang|ar|لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله}}) "There is no god but Allah, (and) Muhammad is the messenger of God."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=vHG_VulBdd4C&pg=PA87&dq=convert+islam+shahada#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Matthew S. Gordon and Martin Palmer, ''Islam'', Info base Publishing, 2009| page= 87 |accessdate=26 August 2012|isbn=9781438117782|last1=Gordon|first1=Matthew|last2=Gordon|first2=Professor of Middle East Islamic History Matthew S|year=2009}}</ref>
In [[Sunni Islam]], the shahada has two parts: ''la ilaha illa'llah'' (there is no god but [[Allah|God]]), and ''Muhammadun rasul Allah'' ([[Muhammad]] is the messenger of God),<ref name="LS">Lindsay, p. 140–141</ref> which are sometimes referred to as the first ''shahada'' and the second ''shahada''.<ref name="Cornell9">Cornell, p. 9</ref> The first statement of the shahada is also known as the ''[[tahlil|tahlīl]]''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael Anthony Sells|title=Approaching the Qur'an: The Early Revelations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EYCFTVDDKmkC|year=1999|publisher=White Cloud Press|page=151|isbn=9781883991265}}</ref>
In [[Shia Islam]], the shahada also has a third part, a phrase concerning [[Ali]], the first [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Shia Imam]] and the fourth [[Rashidun|Rashid caliph]] of [[Sunni Islam]]: {{lang|ar|وعليٌ وليُّ الله}} ({{transl|ar|DIN|wa ʿalīyyun walīyyu-llāh}}), which translates to "Ali is the ''[[wali]]'' of God.<ref>''The Later Mughals'' by [[William Irvine (historian)|William Irvine]] p. 130</ref>
==Lexicology==
{{see also|Islam#Etymology and meaning}}
The word ''muslim'' ({{lang-ar|مسلم}}, {{IPA-ar|ˈmʊslɪm|IPA}}; {{IPAc-en|lang|ˈ|m|ʌ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|s|l|ᵻ|m}} or ''moslem'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|z|l|ə|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|s|l|ə|m}}<ref name="muslim pron" />) is the [[active participle]] of the same verb of which ''islām'' is a [[verbal noun]], based on the [[triliteral]] ''[[S-L-M]]'' "to be whole, intact".<ref>Burns & Ralph, ''World Civilizations'', 5th ed., p. 371.</ref><ref>Entry for ''šlm'', p. 2067, Appendix B: Semitic Roots, ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', 4th ed., Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, {{ISBN|0-618-08230-1}}.</ref> A female adherent is a ''muslima'' ({{lang-ar|مسلمة}}) (also [[transliteration|transliterated]] as "Muslimah"<ref>[http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/muslimah Muslimah] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817020605/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/muslimah |date=17 August 2016 }}. ''Oxford Dictionaries''. Oxford University Press. 2016</ref> ). The plural form in Arabic is ''muslimūn'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمون}}) or ''muslimīn'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمين}}), and its feminine equivalent is ''muslimāt'' ({{lang|ar|مسلمات}}). The Arabic form ''muslimun'' is the stem IV [[Arabic grammar#Participle|participle]]{{refn|group=note|name=participle|also known as "infinitive"}} of the triliteral ''S-L-M''.
The ordinary word in English is "Muslim". It is sometimes [[transliteration|transliterated]] as "Moslem", which is an older spelling.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} The word ''Mosalman'' ({{lang-fa|مسلمان}}, alternatively ''Mussalman'') is a common equivalent for ''Muslim'' used in [[Central Asia|Central]] and [[South Asia]]. Until at least the mid-1960s, many English-language writers used the term ''[[Mohammedan]]s'' or ''Mahometans''.<ref>See for instance the second edition of ''[[Fowler's Modern English Usage|A Dictionary of Modern English Usage]]'' by [[Henry Watson Fowler|H. W. Fowler]], revised by [[Ernest Gowers]] (Oxford, 1965).</ref> Although such terms were not necessarily intended to be [[pejorative]], Muslims argue that the terms are offensive because they allegedly imply that Muslims worship Muhammad rather than God.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Oxford University Press| last = Gibb| first = Sir Hamilton| title = Mohammedanism: an historical survey| year = 1969| page=1 | quote=Modern Muslims dislike the terms Mohammedan and Mohammedanism, which seem to them to carry the implication of worship of Mohammed, as Christian and Christianity imply the worship of Christ.}}</ref> Other obsolete terms include ''Muslimite''<ref>{{Cite OED|Muslimite}}</ref> and ''Muslimist''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Abbas|first1=Tahir|title=Muslim Britain: Communities Under Pressure|date=2005|pages=50}}</ref>
'''Musulmán'''/'''Mosalmán''' ({{lang-fa|مسلمان}}) is a synonym for ''Muslim'' and is modified from [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. It is the origin of the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word ''{{lang|es|musulmán}}'', the (dated) [[German language|German]] ''{{lang|de|Muselmann}}'', the French word ''musulman'', the [[Polish language|Polish]] words ''{{lang|pl|muzułmanin}}'' and ''{{lang|pl|muzułmański}}'', the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] word ''{{lang|pt|muçulmano}}'', the [[Italian language|Italian]] word ''{{lang|it|mussulmano}}'' or ''{{lang|it|musulmano}}'', the [[Romanian language|Romanian]] word ''musulman'' and the [[Greek Language|Greek]] word {{lang|el|μουσουλμάνος}} (all used for a Muslim).<ref>[http://www.religion-encyclopedia.com/M/musalman.htm Musalman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104031529/http://www.religion-encyclopedia.com/M/musalman.htm |date=4 January 2007 }} – Internet Encyclopedia of Religion</ref> In English it was sometimes spelled '''Mussulman''' and has become [[Archaism|archaic]] in usage.
Apart from Persian, Spanish, Polish, Portuguese, Italian, and Greek, the term could be found, with obvious local differences, in [[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Dari (Persian dialect)|Dari]], [[Pashto language|Pashto]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Panjabi language|Panjabi]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]], [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]], [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]], [[Maltese language|Maltese]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Czech language|Czech]], [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Serbian language|Serbian]], [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], [[Romanian language|Romanian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], and [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]].
==Meaning==
The Muslim philosopher [[Ibn Arabi]] said:
{{Quote|A Muslim is a person who has dedicated his worship exclusively to God...''Islam'' means making one's religion and faith God's alone.<ref>''Commentary on the Qur'an'', Razi, I, p. 432, Cairo, 1318/1900</ref>}}
===Other prophets===
The Qur'an describes many prophets and messengers within Judaism and Christianity, and their respective followers, as Muslim: [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]], [[Noah]], [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], [[Ishmael in Islam|Ishmael]], [[Jacob]], [[Islamic view of Moses|Moses]], and [[Islamic view of Jesus|Jesus]] and his [[apostles]] are all considered to be Muslims in the Qur'an. The Qur'an states that these men were Muslims because they submitted to God, preached His message and upheld His values, which included praying, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Thus, in Surah 3:52 of the Qur'an, Jesus' disciples tell him, "We believe in God; and you be our witness that we are Muslims (''wa-shahad be anna muslimūn'')." In Muslim belief, before the Qur'an, God had given the [[Tawrat]] ([[Torah]]) to Moses, the [[Zabur]] ([[Psalms]]) to [[David]] and the [[Injil]] ([[Gospel]]) to Jesus, who are all considered important [[Prophets of Islam|Muslim prophets]].
==Demographics==
[[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|thumb|upright=2|World Muslim population by percentage ({{as of|2010|alt=2010 data|lc=on}} from [[Pew Research Center]])]]
[[File:Muslim population map 2009.png|thumb|A map of Muslim populations by absolute number, ([[Pew Research Center]], 2009)]]
{{main|Islam#Demographics}}
{{see also|List of countries by Muslim population}}
The most populous Muslim-majority country is Indonesia, home to 12.7% of the world's Muslims,<ref name="Distrib" /> followed by Pakistan (11.0%), Bangladesh (9.2%), and Egypt (4.9%).<ref name="Islam_by_country" /> About 20% of the world's Muslims lives in the Middle East and North Africa.<ref name="Distrib" /><ref>{{Cite book
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-19-515713-0
| last = Esposito
| first = John L.
| title = What everyone needs to know about Islam
| page = 21
| date = 15 October 2002
}} and {{Cite book
| edition = Rev. 3rd ed., updated with new epilogue.
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-19-518266-8
| last = Esposito
| first = John
| title = Islam : the straight path
| location = New York
| pages = 2, 43
| year = 2005
}}</ref>
Sizable minorities are also found in [[Islam in India|India]], [[Islam in China|China]], [[Islam in Russia|Russia]], [[Islam in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]], [[Islam in the Americas|the Americas]], [[Islam in Australia|Australia]] and parts of [[Islam in Europe|Europe]]. The country with the highest proportion of self-described Muslims as a proportion of its total population is Morocco.<ref name="JDB" /> Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world.
Over 75–90% of Muslims are [[Sunni]].<ref name=Sunni /><ref name="Sunni Islam" /> The second and third largest sects, [[Shia]] and [[Ahmadiyya]], make up 10–20%,<ref name=Shia /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide... |deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archivedate=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and 1%<ref name="ahmadi" /> respectively.
With about 1.8 billion followers (2015), almost a quarter of [[world population|earth's population]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/|website=Pew Research Center|date=April 5, 2017|title=The Changing Global Religious Landscape}}</ref> Islam is the [[major religious groups|second-largest]] and the [[Growth of religion|fastest-growing religion in the world]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/index.html|title=The fastest growing religion in the world is ...|last=Burke|first=Daniel|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 May 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511135834/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/02/living/pew-study-religion/index.html|archivedate=11 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> due primarily to the young age and high [[fertility rate]] of Muslims,<ref name="pew"/> with Muslim having a rate of (3.1) compared to the world average of (2.5). According to the same study, [[Religious conversion|religious switching]] has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who [[Convert to Islam|embrace Islam]] and those who [[Apostasy in Islam|leave Islam]] are roughly equal.<ref name="pew">{{cite report|url=http://www.euro-muslims.eu/future_global.pdf|title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population|publisher=Pew Research Center|date=27 January 2011|access-date=10 March 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306170008/http://www.euro-muslims.eu/future_global.pdf|archivedate=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
A Pew Center study in 2016 found that Muslims have the highest number of adherents under the age of 15 (or 34% of the total Muslim population) of any major religion, while only 7% are aged 60+ (the smallest percentage of any major religion). According to the same study, Muslims have the highest [[fertility rate]]s (3.1) of any major religious group.<ref name="Pew2016">{{cite web |access-date=19 December 2016 |title=Religion and Education Around the World |url=http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf |publisher=Pew Research Center |date=13 December 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222152619/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2016/12/21094148/Religion-Education-ONLINE-FINAL.pdf |archivedate=22 December 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The study also found that Muslims have the lowest average levels of [[education]] after [[Hindus]], with an average of 5.6 years of schooling.<ref name="Pew2016"/> About 36% of all Muslims have no formal schooling,<ref name="Pew2016"/> and Muslims have the lowest average levels of [[higher education]] of any major religious group, with only 8% having [[Academic degree|graduate]] and [[post-graduate]] degrees.<ref name="Pew2016"/>
==See also==
* [[Non-denominational Muslim]]
* [[Islamic schools and branches]]
* [[Muhammadan]]
* [[Lists of Muslims]]
* [[Muslim holidays]]
* [[Muslim world]]
* [[Mu'min]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="People-of-the-Book">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpeople.html |title=People of the Book |website=[[Islam: Empire of Faith]] |publisher=[[PBS]] |accessdate=18 December 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628213312/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithpeople.html |archivedate=28 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Distorted">See:
* Accad (2003): According to [[Ibn Taymiyya]], although only some Muslims accept the textual veracity of the entire Bible, most Muslims will grant the veracity of most of it.
* Esposito (1998), pp.6,12
* Esposito (2002b), pp.4–5
* F. E. Peters (2003), p.9
* {{cite encyclopedia | title=Muhammad | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=F. Buhl |author2=A. T. Welch}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | title=Tahrif | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh}}</ref>
<ref name="WSU">{{cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM |title=arkan ad-din the five pillars of religion |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |location=United States |first=Richard |last=Hooker |date=14 July 1999|accessdate=17 November 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203124633/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archivedate=3 December 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location=United States |year=2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archivedate=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="muslim pron">[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muslim "Muslim"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220112121/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/muslim |date=20 February 2016 }}. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]'': {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|z|l|ᵻ|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʊ|s|l|ᵻ|m}}; ''[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moslem moslem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515200017/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/moslem |date=15 May 2011 }}'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|z|l|ə|m}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|s|l|ə|m}}</ref>
<ref name=Shia>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540503/Shiite |title=Shīʿite |quote=Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide. |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=25 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809124154/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540503/Shiite |archivedate=9 August 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name=Sunni>See:
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia] "some 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"
* [http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=17 March 2012 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false Iran, Israel and the United States] "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"
* {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |title=Sunnite |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |quote=They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām. |accessdate=26 August 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809124159/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |archivedate=9 August 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{Cite book |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |quote=A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent. |volume= |year=2010 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |location= |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=352 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA130&dq=Sunnis+are+90%25#v=onepage&q=Sunnis%20are%2090%25&f=false |accessdate=19 December 2011 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=24 August 2010 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 October 2009 }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |publisher=BBC News |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |accessdate=18 December 2011 |date=6 December 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206173334/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |archivedate=6 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0060) |title=Sunni and Shia Islam |publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] |quote=Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims. |accessdate=17 December 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216211306/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+af0060%29 |archivedate=16 February 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |work=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |accessdate=18 December 2011 |date=24 September 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210020455/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |archivedate=10 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=25 August 2010 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide... |deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archivedate=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3&dq=Sunni+Islam&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2DLuTujOEcesrAej29DdCA&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Sunni%20Islam&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4Ts0GkJBKgC&pg=PA20&dq=&hl=en&ei=hf7hTrCmNsvB8QOllfmCBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CE0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Inside Muslim minds] "around 80% are Sunni"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=3w_ngX--ji4C&pg=PA103&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Who Gets To Narrate the World] "The Sunnis (approximately 80%)"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=vD2TJNc7NE4C&pg=PA265&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=&f=false A world theology] N. Ross Reat "80% being the Sunni"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&pg=PA32&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Islam and the Ahmadiyya jama'at] "The Sunni segment, accounting for at least 80% of the world's Muslim population"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"
</ref>
<ref name="Sunni Islam">From [[Sunni Islam]]: See:
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia] "some 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"
*{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population |accessdate=8 December 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110609062501/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archivedate=9 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
*[http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=17 March 2012 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false Iran, Israel and the United States] "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population"
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the world's Muslims are Sunni"
* {{Cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=24 August 2010 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 October 2009 }}
* {{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |publisher=[[BBC News]] |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |accessdate=18 December 2011 |date=6 December 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124100835/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm |archivedate=24 November 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |work=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |accessdate=18 December 2011 |date=24 September 2007 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210020455/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |archivedate=10 December 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."
</ref>
<ref name="ahmadi">See:
*{{Cite book|title=Breach of Faith|quote=Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate|volume=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|location=|isbn=|page=8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=29 March 2014|date=June 2005}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Asian Religions in British Columbia|quote=The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world|author1=Larry DeVries|author2=Don Baker|author3=Dan Overmyer|last-author-amp=yes|accessdate=29 March 2014|isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5|publisher=University of Columbia Press|date=2011-01-01}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|quote=The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million|author=Juan Eduardo Campo|publisher=|page=24|accessdate=29 March 2014|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|year=2009}}
*{{Cite web| url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/| title=Ahmadiyya Muslims| publisher=pbs.org| accessdate=6 October 2013| deadurl=no| archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20131006204711/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/| archivedate=6 October 2013| df=dmy-all}}
*A figure of 10–20 million represents approximately 1% of the Muslim population. See also [[Ahmadiyya by country]].</ref>
<ref name="Islam_by_country">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_isl_num_of_mus-religion-islam-number-of-muslim|title=Number of Muslim by country|publisher=nationmaster.com|accessdate=30 May 2007|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703191735/http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_isl_num_of_mus-religion-islam-number-of-muslim|archivedate=3 July 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{wiktionary|مسلمان}}
{{Wiktionary|Wikisaurus:Muslim}}
{{Commons category|Muslims}}
*[http://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/understanding-islam/legal-rulings/53-ritual-prayer-its-meaning-and-manner.html Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner] – The Islamic Supreme Council of America.
*[http://teachmiddleeast.lib.uchicago.edu/historical-perspectives/rulership-and-justice/islamic-period/essay/essay-02.html Muhammad and the First Muslim Ummah] – University of Chicago
* [http://www.islamophobiatoday.com/ ''Islamophobia Today'' Newspaper] – An Islamophobia news clearing house
* [https://www.academia.edu/24419416/UNDERSTANDING_and_COUNTERING_ISLAMOPHOBIA Sammy Aziz Rahmatti, ''Understanding and Countering Islamophobia'']
*[[Wiktionary:Wikisaurus:Muslim|WikiSaurus:Muslim]]
* {{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/understanding-islam |title=Understanding Islam |website=Susan Headden |date=7 April 2008 |accessdate=25 August 2010}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |title=Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents |publisher=[[Adherents.com]] |accessdate=3 July 2007}}
{{Characters and names in the Quran}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Muslims| ]]
[[Category:Islam| ]]
[[Category:Quranic words and phrases]]
[[Category:Religious identity]]
