Changes
→Origins of Apple: trim
{{Use American English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Steve Wozniak
| image = Steve Wozniak by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Wozniak in 2017
| birth_name = Stephen Gary Wozniak<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1950|8|11}}
| birth_place = [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[California]], U.S.
| alias = {{plainlist|
* Woz
* Berkeley Blue <ref name=slate.com>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/books/2013/02/steve_jobs_and_phone_hacking_exploding_the_phone_by_phil_lapsley_reviewed.html |title=Phreaks and Geeks |last=Dayal |first=Geeta |date=February 1, 2013 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref>
* Rocky Clark <ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-14/news/vw-5389_1_steve-wozniak |title=A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak's Eye |last=Stix |first=Harriet |date=May 14, 1986 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref>}}
| education = [[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, [[University of California, Berkeley]], 1987<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak |title=Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak |website=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] |publisher=[[Lemelson Foundation]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref><ref name=wozorg>{{cite web|url=http://www.woz.org/about |publisher=Woz.org |title=About Steve Wozniak aka 'The Woz' |accessdate=March 19, 2017}}</ref>
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
* [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] (B.S.)
* [[De Anza College]] (transferred)
* [[University of Colorado Boulder]] (transferred)
* [[Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)|Homestead High School]]}}
| occupation = {{plainlist|
* [[Electronic engineer|Electronics engineer]]
* [[Entrepreneur]]
* [[Programmer]]}}
| known_for = {{plainlist|
* Co-Founder of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]
* [[Apple I]] developer
* [[Apple II]] co-developer
* Pioneer of the [[personal computer revolution]] with [[Steve Jobs]]}}
| salary =
| net worth = US$100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/21/why-apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-doesnt-trust-money.html|title=Why Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak doesn't trust money|first=Emmie|last=Martin|date=April 21, 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Alice Robertson |1976|1980}}
* {{marriage|[[Candice Clark]] |1981|1987}}
* {{marriage|Suzanne Mulkern |1990|2004}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.com/archive/wizard-of-woz-vol-41-no-6/|title=Wizard of Woz|publisher=|accessdate=April 9, 2018}}</ref>
* {{marriage|Janet Hill|2008}}}}
| partner = [[Kathy Griffin]] (2007-2008)
| children = 3<ref name=macobserver/>
| callsign = ex-WA6BND (ex-WV6VLY)
| website = {{url|http://www.woz.org/}}
}}
'''Stephen Gary Wozniak''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɒ|z|n|i|æ|k}}; born August 11, 1950),<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}}<ref name=biography.com>{{cite web|title=Steve Wozniak|url=http://www.biography.com/people/steve-wozniak-9537334|work=biography|publisher=biography.com|accessdate=July 4, 2016}}</ref> often referred to by the nickname '''Woz''',<ref>{{cite book |title=Steve Wozniak: A Wizard Called Woz |author=Rebecca Gold |publisher=Lerner |date=1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company |author=Owen W. Linzmayer |publisher=No Starch Press |date=2004 |page=27}}</ref> is an American inventor, [[electronics engineer]], [[programmer]], [[philanthropist]], and technology [[entrepreneur]] who co-founded [[Apple, Inc.]] in 1976, which later became the [[List of the largest information technology companies|world's largest information technology company]] by revenue. He and Apple co-founder [[Steve Jobs]] are widely recognized as pioneers of the [[Microcomputer revolution|personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s]].
Wozniak started designing and developing the [[Apple I|Apple I]] in 1975;<ref>{{cite book |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |title=iWoz |year=2006 |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-33043-4 |page=150|quote=After my first meeting, I started designing the computer that would later be known as the Apple I. It was that inspiring.}}</ref> it became the computer that launched Apple when he and Jobs first began marketing it the following year. He primarily designed the [[Apple II]] in 1977, known as one of the first highly successful mass-produced [[microcomputer]]s,<ref>{{cite web|last=Reimer |first=Jeremy |url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/total-share.ars/3 |title=Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures |publisher=Ars Technica |date=December 14, 2005 |accessdate=May 22, 2017}}</ref> while Jobs oversaw the development of its foam-molded plastic case and early Apple employee [[Rod Holt]] developed the [[switched-mode power supply|switching power supply]].<ref name="mit">{{cite web|url=http://www.atariage.com/forums/topic/161774-nolan-bushnell-appointed-to-atari-board/page__view__findpost__p__2001071 |title=Nolan Bushnell Appointed to Atari Board — AtariAge Forums — Page 30 |publisher=Atariage.com |date=April 29, 2010 |accessdate=November 11, 2010}}</ref> He also had major influence until 1981, along with computer scientist [[Jef Raskin]], over the initial development of the original [[Apple Macintosh]], which Jobs then took over following Wozniak's brief departure from the company due to a traumatic airplane accident.<ref name=TheVerge/><ref name=wozorg/> After stepping away from Apple in 1985 for good, Wozniak founded [[CL 9]] and created the first [[universal remote]], released in 1987. He then pursued several other business and philanthropic ventures throughout his career, focusing largely on tech in K–12 schools.
Wozniak is currently Chief Scientist at the [[data virtualization]] company Primary Data, and has remained an employee of Apple over the years in a ceremonial capacity.<ref name=wozorg/><ref name="wozemployee"/>
==Early life==
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Steve Wozniak was born in [[San Jose, California]], the son of Francis Jacob "Jerry" Wozniak (1925–1994) from [[Michigan]]<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}} and Margaret Louise Wozniak (née Kern) (1923–2014)<ref>[http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dowfam3&id=I191886 Dowling Family Genealogy]{{unreliable source?|date=December 2017}}</ref> from [[Washington (state)]].<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}} He graduated from [[Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)|Homestead High School]] in 1968.
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The name on Wozniak's birth certificate is "Stephan Gary Wozniak", but Steve's mother said that she intended it to be spelled "Stephen", which is what he uses.<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}} Wozniak has mentioned his surname being Polish<ref name="wozorg-polish">{{cite web |url=http://www.woz.org/category/tags/poland |title=About your last name |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |website=Woz.org |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> and Ukrainian<ref>{{cite news | url = https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/zavzhdi-znav-scho-mayu-ukrayinske-prizvische-spivzasnovnik-apple-voznyak-vidvidav-kiyiv-1001620.html | title = Завжди знав, що маю українське прізвище: співзасновник Apple Возняк відвідав Київ | date = September 30, 2017 | format = video | work = TSN 19:30 | publisher = [[1+1 (TV channel)|1+1]] | location = [[Kiev]] | accessdate = December 12, 2017 | quote = This is a very special visit for us. I was always aware that my name was Ukrainian. }} Report in Ukrainian, but part of Wozniak speaking in English can be heard behind the translation.</ref> and spoken of his Polish descent,<ref>{{cite book |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |date=August 17, 2007 |title=iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlA6Xv3-59YC&lpg=PA130&ots=Hs79jl0vAQ&dq=Steve%20Wozniak%20polish&hl=en&pg=PA129 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |pages=129–130 |isbn=978-0-3930-6686-9 |accessdate=December 12, 2017 |quote= Being a Polish Wozniak who tells and laughs at Polish jokes... [...] Twelve years later the same Polish-American Congress gave me its Heritage Award, its highest award for acievements by a Polish-American. }}</ref> but stated that he does not know the origin of some other people with the Wozniak surname because he is "no heritage expert".<ref name="wozorg-polish"/>
In the early 1970s, Wozniak was known as "Berkeley Blue" in the [[Phreaking|phone phreak]] community, after he made a [[blue box]].<ref name=slate.com/><ref>{{cite web|last=Lapsley |first=Phil |url=http://www.salon.com/2013/02/16/from_phreaks_to_apple_steve_jobs_and_steve_wozniaks_eureka_moment/ |title=From "phreaks" to Apple: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak’s "eureka!" moment |publisher=Salon.com |date=February 16, 2013 |accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref>
Wozniak has credited watching ''[[Star Trek]]'' and attending [[Trekkie|''Star Trek'' conventions]] while in his youth as a source of inspiration for his starting [[Apple Inc]].<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/interview-steve-wozniak-on-sci-fi-comic-books-and_us_58f7e86de4b081380af51897 Huffingtonpost interview]. Retrieved on April 22, 2017.</ref>
==Career==
===Origins of Apple===
In 1969, Wozniak returned to the Bay Area after being expelled from [[University of Colorado Boulder]] in his first year for sending prank messages on the university's computer system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cuindependent.com/2007/02/20/cu-breeds-success-a-look-at-famous-alumni/|title=CU breeds success: A look at famous alumni|first=|last=CUIndependent|date=February 20, 2007|work=cuindependent.com|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorado.edu/chancellor/2016/02/24/chancellor|title=From the Chancellor - Office of the Chancellor - University of Colorado Boulder|work=colorado.edu|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> During this time, as a self-taught project, Wozniak designed and built a "Cream Soda" computer with his friend [[Bill Fernandez]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://emberify.com/blog/cream-soda-the-first-computer/|title=Cream soda – The first computer|date=October 1, 2014|work=emberify.com|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> He later re-enrolled at [[De Anza College]] and transferred to [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1971. Before focusing his attention on Apple, he was employed at [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP) where he designed calculators.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMRmG72LBU8 |title=Steve Wozniak Talks About HP |website=[[YouTube]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> It was during this time that he befriended [[Steve Jobs]].<ref name=ABCnews/>
Wozniak was introduced to Jobs by Fernandez, who attended [[Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)|Homestead High School]] with Jobs in 1971. Jobs and Wozniak became friends when Jobs worked for the summer at HP, where Wozniak too was employed, working on a [[mainframe computer]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=Jefferey S.|title=Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward.|date=December 1988|publisher=Lynx Books|isbn=155802378X}}</ref> This was recounted by Wozniak in a 2007 interview with [[ABC News]], of how and when he first met Jobs: {{quote|"We first met in 1971 during my college years, while he was in high school. A friend said, 'you should meet Steve Jobs because he likes electronics, and he also plays pranks.' So he introduced us."<ref name=ABCnews>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=3396207 |title=Three Minutes With Steve Wozniak |publisher=ABCNews.go.com |date=July 20, 2007 |accessdate=November 10, 2013}}</ref>}}
In 1973, Jobs was working for [[arcade game]] company [[Atari, Inc.]] in [[Los Gatos, California]].<ref name="intoday1">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs/1/154785.html |title=An exclusive interview with Daniel Kottke|publisher=India Today|date=September 13, 2011 |accessdate=October 27, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073007/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs/1/154785.html |archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> He was assigned to create a [[Printed circuit board|circuit board]] for the arcade video game ''[[Breakout (video game)|Breakout]]''. According to Atari co-founder [[Nolan Bushnell]], Atari offered $100 ({{Inflation|US|100|1973|fmt=eq}}) for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, by using [[Random-access memory|RAM]] for the brick representation. Too complex to be fully comprehended at the time, the fact that this prototype also had no scoring or coin mechanisms meant Woz's prototype could not be used. Jobs was paid the full bonus regardless. Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 and that Wozniak's share was thus $350 ({{Inflation|US|350|1973|fmt=eq}}).<ref name="breakout">{{cite web |url=http://www.woz.org/letters/general/91.html |title=Letters – General Questions Answered |accessdate=June 20, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612071502/http://www.woz.org/letters/general/91.html |archivedate=June 12, 2011 }}, Woz.org<br /> Wozniak, Steven: "[[iWoz]]", a: pp. 147–48, b: p. 180. [[W. W. Norton]], 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-393-06143-7}}<br /> Kent, Stevn: "The Ultimate History of Video Games", pp. 71–3. Three Rivers, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7615-3643-4}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detail&id=3397|title=Breakout|publisher=Arcade History|date=June 25, 2002|accessdate=April 19, 2010}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=395|title=Classic Gaming: A Complete History of Breakout|publisher=GameSpy|accessdate=April 19, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813113450/http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=395|archivedate=July 8, 2012}}</ref> Wozniak did not learn about the actual $5,000 bonus ({{Inflation|US|5000|1973|fmt=eq}}) until ten years later, but said that if Jobs had told him about it and had said he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him.<ref>Isaacson. 2011. Chapter Four – "Atari and India" pp. 104–107.</ref>
In 1975, Wozniak began designing and developing the computer that would eventually make him famous, the [[Apple I]]. On June 29 of that year, he tested his first working prototype, displaying a few letters and running sample programs. It was the first time in history that a [[Character (computing)|character]] displayed on a TV screen was generated by a home computer.<ref name="iWoz" /> With the Apple I, he and Jobs were largely working to impress other members of the [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]]-based [[Homebrew Computer Club]], a local group of electronics hobbyists interested in computing. The Club was one of several key centers which established the home hobbyist era, essentially creating the microcomputer industry over the next few decades. Unlike other Homebrew designs, the Apple had an easy-to-achieve video capability that drew a crowd when it was unveiled.<ref name="FireValley" />
===Apple formation and success===
{{See also|History of Apple#1975–1985: Jobs and Wozniak}}
[[File:Original 1976 Apple 1 Computer In A Briefcase.JPG|thumb|Original 1976 [[Apple 1]] Computer in a briefcase. From the [[Sydney Powerhouse Museum]] collection]]
In 1976, Wozniak completed the [[Apple I]] design. He alone designed the hardware, circuit board designs, and operating system for the computer.<ref name="FireValley">{{cite book |title=Fire in the Valley|first1=Paul|last1=Freiberger|authorlink1=Paul Freiberger|last2=Swaine |first2= Michael |authorlink2= Michael Swaine (technical author)|year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=0-07-135892-7}}</ref> Wozniak originally offered the design to HP while working there, but was denied by the company on five different occasions.<ref name="AI">{{cite web|url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/10/12/06/apple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times |title=Apple co-founder offered first computer design to HP 5 times |publisher=appleinsider.com}}</ref> Jobs instead had the idea to sell the Apple I with Wozniak as a fully assembled [[printed circuit board]]. Wozniak, at first skeptical, was later convinced by Jobs that even if they were not successful they could at least say to their grandkids they had had their own company. Together they sold some of their possessions (such as Wozniak's HP [[scientific calculator]] and Jobs' [[Volkswagen Type 2|Volkswagen van]]), raised $1,300, and assembled the first boards in Jobs' bedroom and later (when there was no space left) in Jobs' garage. Wozniak's apartment in San Jose was filled with monitors, electronic devices, and some computer games Wozniak had developed. The Apple I sold for $666.66. (Wozniak later said he had no idea about the relation between the number and the [[Number of the Beast|mark of the beast]], and "I came up with [it] because I like repeating digits.") Jobs and Wozniak sold their first 50 system boards to [[Paul Terrell]], who was starting a new computer shop, called the Byte Shop, in [[Mountain View, California]].<ref name="iWoz">{{cite book|last=Wozniak|first=Steve|last2=Smith|first2=Gina|year=2006|title=iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=0-393-06143-4}}</ref>
On April 1, 1976, Jobs and Wozniak formed [[Apple Computer]] (now called Apple Inc.) along with administrative supervisor [[Ronald Wayne]], whose participation in the new venture was short lived. Wozniak resigned from his job at [[Hewlett-Packard]] and became the vice president in charge of research and development at Apple. He and Jobs decided on the name "Apple" shortly after Jobs returned from an [[apple orchard]] in Oregon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2011/11/how-did-apple-computer-get-its-brand-name.html#.WgCTJhNSyt8 |title=How Did Apple Computer Get Its Brand Name? |publisher=''Branding Strategy Insider''|date=November 17, 2011 |accessdate=December 25, 2017}}</ref> Wozniak's Apple I was similar to the [[Altair 8800]], the first commercially available microcomputer, except the Apple I had no provision for internal expansion cards. With expansion cards the Altair could attach to a computer terminal and be programmed in [[BASIC]]. In contrast, the Apple I was a hobbyist machine. Wozniak's design included a $25 [[microprocessor]] ([[MOS Technology 6502|MOS 6502]]) on a single circuit board with 256 [[byte]]s of [[Read-only memory|ROM]], 4K or 8K bytes of [[Random access memory|RAM]], and a 40-character by 24-row display controller. Apple's first computer lacked a case, power supply, keyboard, and display, all components the user had to provide.
[[File:Micromodem II in Apple II.jpg|thumb|An [[Apple II]] computer with an external [[modem]]]]
After the success of the Apple I, Wozniak designed the [[Apple II]], the first personal computer that had the ability to display color graphics, and BASIC programming language built-in.<ref name="iWoz" /> Inspired by "the technique [[Atari]] used to simulate colors on its first [[arcade game]]s", Wozniak found a way of putting colors into the [[NTSC]] system by using a $1 chip,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macstories.net/news/woz-putting-color-in-the-computer-was-one-of-the-biggest-things-apple-ever-did/|title=Woz: Putting Color In The Computer Was One Of The Biggest Things Apple Ever Did|work=macstories.net}}</ref> while colors in the [[PAL]] system were achieved by "accident" when a dot occurred on a line, and to this day he has no idea how it works.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2012/11/26/steve-wozniak-his-career-challenges-steve-jobs-tech-trends-and-advice/|title=Steve Wozniak: His Career Challenges, Steve Jobs, Tech Trends and Advice|author=Dan Schawbel|work=Forbes}}</ref> During the design stage, Steve Jobs argued that the Apple II should have two [[expansion slot]]s, while Wozniak wanted eight<ref>iWoz</ref>. After a heated argument, during which Wozniak had threatened for Jobs to 'go get himself another computer', they decided to go with eight slots. The Apple II became one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers in the world.
In 1980, Apple went public to instant and significant financial profitability, making Jobs and Wozniak both millionaires. The Apple II's eventual successor, the [[Apple III]], released the same year, was not nearly as successful as the Apple II. According to Wozniak, the Apple III "had 100 percent hardware failures", and that the primary reason for these failures was that the system was designed by Apple's marketing department, unlike Apple's previous engineering-driven projects.<ref name="byte198501"/>
During the early design and development phase of the [[Macintosh 128K]], Wozniak had heavy influence over the project until 1981. In a 2013 interview, Wozniak said that "Steve [Jobs] really took over the project when I had a plane crash and wasn't there."<ref name=TheVerge/><ref name=wozorg/>
===Airplane crash===
On February 7, 1981, the [[Beechcraft Bonanza]] A36TC Wozniak was piloting crashed soon after takeoff from the [[Santa Cruz Sky Park|Sky Park Airport]] in [[Scotts Valley, California|Scotts Valley]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Tirrell|first=Rick|title=The wisdom of resilience builders : how our best leaders create the world's most enduring enterprises|year=2009|publisher=AuthorHouse|location=Bloomington, IN|isbn=1-4490-5323-8|page=236}}</ref> The plane stalled while climbing, then bounced down the runway, went through two fences, and crashed into an embankment. Wozniak and his three passengers—then-fiancée [[Candice Clark]], her brother Jack Clark, and his girlfriend, Janet Valleau—were injured. Wozniak sustained severe face and head injuries, including losing a tooth, and also suffered for five weeks after the crash from [[anterograde amnesia]], the inability to create new memories. He had no memory of the crash, and did not remember his name in the hospital or the things he did after he was released.<ref name="byte198501">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1985-01/1985_01_BYTE_10-01_Through_the_Hourglass#page/n167/mode/2up | title=The Apple Story / Part 2: More History and the Apple III | work=BYTE | date=January 1985 | accessdate=October 26, 2013 |author1=Williams, Gregg |author2=Moore, Rob | page=166 | type=interview}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=O'Grady|first=Jason D.|title=Apple Inc.|year=2009|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=0-313-36244-0|page=27}}</ref> He would later state that Apple II computer games are what helped him regain his memory.<ref name="iWoz"/> The [[National Transportation Safety Board]] investigation report cited premature liftoff and pilot inexperience as probable causes of the crash.<ref>{{cite book|last=Linzmayer|first=Owen W.|title=Apple confidential 2.0 : the definitive history of the world's most colorful company|year=2004|publisher=No Starch Press|location=San Francisco, Calif.|isbn=1-59327-010-0|pages=28–30|edition=Rev. 2nd}}</ref>
Wozniak did not immediately return to Apple after recovering from the airplane crash, seeing it as a good reason to leave.{{r|byte198501}}
===US Festivals===
[[File:Steve Wozniak, 1983.jpg|thumb|Wozniak in 1983]]
In May 1982 and 1983, Wozniak, with help from professional concert promotor [[Bill Graham (promoter)|Bill Graham]], founded and sponsored two [[US Festival]]s to celebrate evolving technologies; they ended up as a technology exposition and a rock festival as a combination of music, computers, television and people. After losing several million dollars on the 1982 festival, he stated that unless the 1983 event turned a profit, he would end his involvement with rock festivals and get back to designing computers.<ref>{{cite journal |last= |first= |title=Us Festival: More Music, Money and Madness|journal=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=June 9, 1983 |issue=397|pages=42–45}}</ref> Later that year, Wozniak returned to Apple product development, desiring no more of a role than that of an engineer and a motivational factor for the Apple workforce.<ref name="iWoz" />
===Departure from Apple===
[[File:Steve Wozniak and Andy Hertzfeld 1985.jpg|thumb|Wozniak and [[Andy Hertzfeld]] at an Apple Computer Users Group meeting in 1985]]
In the mid-1980s he designed the [[Apple Desktop Bus]], a [[proprietary hardware|proprietary]] [[serial communications|bit-serial]] [[peripheral bus]] introduced on many later [[Macintosh]] and [[NeXT]] computer models. However, even with the success he helped create at Apple, Wozniak felt that the company was hindering him from being who he wanted to be, and that it was "the bane of his existence".<ref name="Flatow" /> He enjoyed engineering, not management, and said that he missed "the fun of the early days".<ref name="wozemployee"/> Although its products provided about 85% of Apple's sales in early 1985, the company's January 1985 annual meeting did not mention the Apple II division or employees, a move that frustrated Wozniak.<ref name="rice19850415">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA13&ots=a_Fs_n1Np8&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Unrecognized Apple II Employees Exit | work=[[InfoWorld]] | date=April 15, 1985 | accessdate=February 4, 2015 | last=Rice|first= Valerie | page=35}}</ref> As other engineers joined the growing company, he no longer felt needed there and by early 1985, Wozniak left Apple again, stating that the company had "been going in the wrong direction for the last five years". He then sold most of his stock.<ref name="rice19850415"/>
===Post Apple career===
After his career at Apple, Wozniak enrolled at UC Berkeley to complete his degree. Because his name was well known at this point, he enrolled under the name Rocky Raccoon Clark, which is the name listed on his diploma.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://theconversation.com/interview-steve-wozniak-apple-co-founder-and-inventor-of-the-home-computer-64313|title=Interview: Steve Wozniak, Apple co-founder and inventor of the home computer|publisher=The Conversation|author=David Glancer|date=August 26, 2016|access-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref>
One thing Wozniak wanted to do was teach elementary school because of the important role teachers play in students' lives. Eventually, he did teach computer classes to children from the fifth through ninth grades and teachers as well.<ref name="Flatow">Flatow, Ira. ''Present at the Future: From Evolution to Nanotechnology, Candid and Controversial Conversations on Science and Nature''. USA: HarperCollins, 2007. 263-4. Print.</ref>
Wozniak founded [[CL 9]] in 1985, which developed and brought the first programmable [[universal remote]] control to market in 1987.<ref name="iWoz" />
In 2001, Wozniak founded [[Wheels of Zeus]] (WOZ),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/TECH/industry/01/24/wozniak.zeus.idg/|title=CNN.com - Apple co-founder turns the Wheels of Zeus - January 24, 2002|last=Costello|first=Sam|website=edition.cnn.com|access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref> to create wireless [[GPS]] technology to "help everyday people find everyday things much more easily." In 2002, he joined the board of directors of [[Ripcord Networks]], Inc., joining [[Ellen Hancock]], [[Gil Amelio]], Mike Connor, and Wheels of Zeus co-founder [[Alex Fielding]], all Apple alumni, in a new [[telecommunications]] venture. Later the same year he joined the board of directors of [[Danger (company)|Danger, Inc.]], the maker of the [[Danger Hiptop|Hip Top]].
In 2006, Wheels of Zeus was closed, and Wozniak founded [[Acquicor Technology]], a [[holding company]] for acquiring technology companies and developing them, with Apple alumni Hancock and Amelio.
From 2009 through 2014 he was chief scientist at [[Fusion-io]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/05/technology/business-computing/05wozniak.html |title=Wozniak Accepts Post at a Storage Start-Up |author= Ashlee Vance |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date= February 4, 2009 |accessdate= September 28, 2016}}</ref> In 2014 he became chief scientist at Primary Data, which was founded by some former Fusion-io executives.<ref>{{cite news |title= The Band's Back Together: Woz Joins Startup Primary Data |date= November 19, 2014 |author= Chris Preimesberger |work= eWeek |url= http://www.eweek.com/virtualization/the-bands-back-together-woz-joins-startup-primary-data.html |accessdate= September 28, 2016}}</ref>
Despite leaving Apple as a day-to-day employee in 1985, Wozniak chose to never remove himself from the official employee list, and continues to represent the company at events or in interviews.<ref name="wozemployee"/> Today he receives a stipend from Apple for this role, estimated to be $120,000 per year.<ref name="iWoz" /><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/bestoftv/2011/08/25/exp.piers.wozniak.jobs.reaction.cnn | work=CNN | title=CNN.com Video}}</ref><ref name="wozemployee">{{Cite news|url=http://woz.org/letters/never-left-apple/|title=I Never Left Apple|date=January 3, 2018|work=Officially Woz|access-date=October 2, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> He is also an Apple shareholder.<ref name="wozstock">[http://www.fool.com/research/2000/features000302.htm Apple's ''Other'' Steve (Stock Research)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019134707/http://www.fool.com/research/2000/features000302.htm |date=October 19, 2006 }} March 2, 2000, Fool.com</ref> He maintained a friendly acquaintance with Steve Jobs until Jobs' death in October 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Krishnamoorthy|first1=Anand|last2=Li|first2=Susan|title=Jobs's Death Was Like Lennon, JFK Getting Shot, Wozniak Says|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-10-06/steve-jobs-s-death-struck-like-john-lennon-jfk-getting-shot-wozniak-says|work=[[Bloomberg Business]]week|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref> However, in 2006, Wozniak stated that he and Jobs were not as close as they used to be.<ref>{{cite web|last=Peterson |first=Kim |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2002929498_wozqa14.html |title=Steve Wozniak Q & A |publisher=Seattletimes.nwsource.com |date=April 16, 2006 |accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref> In a 2013 interview, Wozniak said that the original [[Macintosh]] "failed" under Steve Jobs, and that it was not until Jobs left that it became a success. He called the [[Apple Lisa]] group the team that had kicked Jobs out, and that Jobs liked to call the Lisa group "idiots for making [the Lisa computer] too expensive". To compete with the Lisa, Jobs and his new team produced a cheaper computer, one that, according to Wozniak, was "weak", "lousy" and "still at a fairly high price". "He made it by cutting the RAM down, by forcing you to swap disks here and there", says Wozniak. He attributed the eventual success of the Macintosh to people like [[John Sculley]] "who worked to build a Macintosh market when the Apple II went away".<ref name=TheVerge>{{cite web|title=Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life|accessdate=June 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312014832/http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life|archivedate=March 12, 2016}}</ref>
[[Silicon Valley Comic Con]] (SVCC) is an annual [[pop culture]] and [[technology]] convention at the [[San Jose McEnery Convention Center]] in [[San Jose, California]]. The [[Convention (meeting)|convention]] was co-founded by Wozniak and Rick White with Trip Hunter as CEO; the inaugural event was held March 18–20, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silicon Valley Comic Con WOZ Welcome Address, published on YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9v2rpUoWRAI|accessdate=May 2, 2016}}</ref>
==Patents==
[[File:Steve Wozniak 2012.jpg|thumb|Wozniak at [[Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre]], Australia, 2012]]
Wozniak is listed as the sole inventor on the following Apple patents:
* US Patent No. 4,136,359: "Microcomputer for use with video display"<ref>[http://ip.com/pat/US4136359 US Patent No. 4,136,359], US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database.</ref>—for which he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
* US Patent No. 4,210,959: "Controller for magnetic disc, recorder, or the like"<ref>[http://ip.com/patent/US4210959 Controller for magnetic disc, recorder, or the like] US Patent 4210959.</ref>
* US Patent No. 4,217,604: "Apparatus for digitally controlling [[PAL]] color display"<ref>[http://ip.com/patent/US4217604 Apparatus for digitally controlling PAL color display] US Patent 4217604.</ref>
* US Patent No. 4,278,972: "Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display"<ref>[http://ip.com/patent/US4278972 Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display] US Patent 4278972.</ref>
==Philanthropy==
In 1990, Wozniak helped found the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]], providing some of the organization's initial funding<ref name="eff-barlow">{{cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/history.eff |title=A Not Terribly Brief History of the Electronic Frontier Foundation |author=John Perry Barlow |date=November 8, 1990 |accessdate=December 28, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010627230955/http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/history.eff |archivedate=June 27, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://w2.eff.org/legal/cases/SJG/?f=eff_creation.html|title=Formation documents and mission statement for the EFF|accessdate=December 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204082735/http://w2.eff.org/legal/cases/SJG/?f=eff_creation.html|archive-date=December 4, 2015|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuxradar.com/content/inside-electronic-frontier-foundation |title=Inside the Electronic Frontier Foundation |author=Mike Saunders |date=July 3, 2013 |publisher=TuxRadar.com |accessdate=December 28, 2015}}</ref> and serving on its founding Board of Directors.<ref name="eff-barlow" /> He was the founding sponsor of the [[Tech Museum]], Silicon Valley Ballet and [[Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose]].<ref name=wozorg/> Also since leaving Apple, Wozniak has provided all the money, as well as a good amount of on-site technical support, for the technology program in his local school district in [[Los Gatos, California|Los Gatos]].<ref name="iWoz" /> Un.U.Son. (Unite Us In Song), an organization Wozniak formed to organize the two [[US Festival|US festivals]], is now primarily tasked with supporting his educational and philanthropic projects.<ref name="iWoz" /> In 1986, Wozniak lent his name to the Stephen G. Wozniak Achievement Awards (popularly known as "Wozzie Awards"), which he presented to six Bay Area high school and college students for their innovative use of computers in the fields of business, art and music. More recently, Wozniak was the subject of a student-made film production of his friend's (Joe Patane) nonprofit Dream Camp Foundation for high-level need youth titled ''Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy''.
==Honors and awards==
In 1979, Wozniak was awarded the ACM [[Grace Murray Hopper Award]]. In 1985, he received the [[National Medal of Technology]] (with [[Steve Jobs]]) from US President [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="iWoz" /> In December 1989, he received an honorary [[Doctor of Engineering]] degree from the [[University of Colorado at Boulder]].<ref name="uofc">{{cite web| last = Seibold| first = Chris| title = This Day in Apple History December 28, 1989: Woz Gets Honorary Doctorate, Dish Incident Forgotten| url=http://www.applematters.com/index.php/section/history/2006/12/28/| accessdate = July 31, 2007| postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> Later he donated funds to create the "Woz Lab" at the University of Colorado at Boulder. In 1998, he was named a Fellow of the [[Computer History Museum]] "for co-founding Apple Computer and inventing the Apple I personal computer."<ref>{{cite web |title= Steve Wozniak — CHM Fellow Award Winner |author= CHM |url= http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/steve-wozniak|accessdate= March 30, 2015}}</ref> The city of San Jose named a street "Woz Way" in his honour.
In September 2000, Wozniak was inducted into the [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]],<ref>[http://www.invent.org/Hall_Of_Fame/155.html Inventor Profile] — National Inventors Hall of Fame. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221075015/http://www.invent.org/Hall_Of_Fame/155.html |date=February 21, 2014}}</ref> and in 2001 he was awarded the 7th Annual [[Heinz Award]] for Technology, the Economy and Employment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/steve-wozniak |title=The Heinz Awards, Steve Wozniak profile |publisher=Heinzawards.net |date= |accessdate=November 11, 2010}}</ref> The [[American Humanist Association]] awarded him the [[Isaac Asimov Awards|Isaac Asimov Science Award]] in 2011.
[[File:Steve Wozniak by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|left|thumb|Wozniak at a conference in October 2017]]
In December 2005, Wozniak was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from [[Kettering University]].<ref>[http://www.kettering.edu/visitors/presidentsoffice/honorary_degrees.jsp Honorary Doctorate] — Kettering University List of Honorary Degrees. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125172739/http://www.kettering.edu/visitors/presidentsoffice/honorary_degrees.jsp |date=November 25, 2011}}</ref> He also received honorary degrees from [[North Carolina State University]]<ref name="NCSU">[http://www.ncsu.edu/about-nc-state/university-leadership/board-of-trustees/honorary-degrees/degrees-conferred/ Honorary Doctorate] — North Carolina State University List of Honorary Degrees.</ref> and [[Nova Southeastern University]], and the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology. In May 2011, Wozniak received an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from [[Michigan State University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commencement.msu.edu/ |title=Commencement | MSU Commencement |publisher=Commencement.msu.edu |date= |accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref> In June 2012, Wozniak was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from [[Santa Clara University]].
He was awarded the Global Award of the President of Armenia for Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Through IT in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalitaward.am/en/laureate2.html |title=Global Award of the President of Armenia for Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Through IT |publisher=Globalitaward.am |date= |accessdate=March 22, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201053155/http://www.globalitaward.am/en/laureate2.html |archivedate=December 1, 2012}}</ref>
On February 17, 2014, in Los Angeles, Wozniak was awarded the 66th [[Hoover Medal]] from IEEE President & CEO J. Roberto de Marca. The award is presented to an engineer whose professional achievements and personal endeavors have advanced the well-being of humankind and is administered by a board representing five engineering organizations: The [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]]; the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]]; the [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers]]; the [[American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers]]; and [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]].
The New York City Chapter of Young Presidents' Organization presented their 2014 Lifetime Achievement Award to Wozniak on October 16, 2014 at the [[American Museum of Natural History]].
In November 2014, ''[[Industry Week]]'' added Wozniak to the Manufacturing Hall of Fame.
On June 19, 2015, Wozniak received the Legacy for Children Award from the [[Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose]]. The Legacy for Children Award honors an individual whose legacy has significantly benefited the learning and lives of children. The purpose of the Award is to focus [[Silicon Valley]]'s attention on the needs of our children, encouraging us all to take responsibility for their well-being. Candidates are nominated by a committee of notable community members involved in children's education, health care, human and social services, and the arts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdm.org/connect/support/legacy-for-children/|title=Legacy for Children Award|work=Children’s Discovery Museum of San Jose}}</ref> The Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose is at 180 Woz Way.
On June 20, 2015, The Cal Alumni Association (UC Berkeley's Alumni Association) presented Wozniak with the 2015 Alumnus of the Year Award. "We are honored to recognize Steve Wozniak with CAA’s most esteemed award," said CAA President Cynthia So Schroeder '91. "His invaluable contributions to education and to UC Berkeley place him among Cal's most accomplished and respected alumni."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alumni.berkeley.edu/announcements/caa-announcements/caa-announces-2015-alumnus-year-steve-wozniak-bs-86-and-other-alumni|title=CAA Announces the 2015 Alumnus of the Year Steve Wozniak, B.S. ’86 and Other Alumni Award Recipients|work=Cal Alumni Association}}</ref>
In March 2016, [[High Point University]] announced that Wozniak will serve as their Innovator in Residence. Wozniak was High Point University’s commencement speaker in 2013. Through this ongoing partnership, Wozniak will connect with High Point University students on a variety of topics and make campus-visits periodically.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highpoint.edu/blog/2016/03/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-becomes-innovator-in-residence/ |title=Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Becomes Innovator in Residence, High Point University |last=Baker |first=Eli |date=March 7, 2016 |website=[[High Point University]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-172956871.html |title=Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Holds Micro Sessions with HPU Students |author=Marketwired |date=February 21, 2017 |website=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref>
In March 2017, Wozniak was listed by UK-based company Richtopia at number 18 in the list of 200 Most Influential Philanthropists and Social Entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://richtopia.com/inspirational-people/top-200-philanthropists-social-entrepreneurs|title=Philanthropists & Social Entrepreneurs Top 200: From Elon Musk to Melinda Gates, These Are the Most Influential Do-Gooders in the World|work=Richtopia|accessdate=March 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.delfi.lt/eu/mep-guoga-is-included-in-list-of-top-200-philanthropists-in-the-world.d?id=74226700|title=Top 200 Philanthropists in the world|work=Delfi|accessdate=March 31, 2017}}</ref>
In 2018 Woz won the "Human of the Year Award" at The Human Project Summit. Woz nominated Ryan Wolfington from The Inspiring Children Foundation program to receive the award with him. Foundation Executive Director Trent Alenik and mentor program founder and youth leader Cherrial Odell accepted the award on behalf of Ryan Wolfington and the Foundation. Cherrial was also the keynote interview that inspired the crowd, including some of the worlds best CEO’s, entrepreneurs and thought leaders. It was an extraordinary honor, and a special way to highlight the work of the Inspiring Children Foundation, it’s founder and the children and leaders in the program. http://www.inspiringchildren.net/ryan-wolfington
===Honorary degrees===
For his contributions to technology, Wozniak has been awarded a number of Honorary Doctor of Engineering degrees, which include the following:
* University of Colorado at Boulder: 1989<ref>{{Cite web|title = CU breeds success: A look at famous alumni|url = http://cuindependent.com/2007/02/20/cu-breeds-success-a-look-at-famous-alumni/|website = CU Independent|access-date = February 11, 2016|last = CUIndependent}}</ref>
* North Carolina State University: 2004<ref name="NCSU" />
* Kettering University: 2005<ref>{{Cite web|title = Commencement Coverage|url = https://my.kettering.edu/news/commencement-coverage-0|website = Kettering University|access-date = February 11, 2016}}</ref>
* Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale: 2005<ref>{{cite web|title = NSU Commencement Programs |url = http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1146&context=nsudigital_commencement|website = |access-date = April 9, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral|ESPOL]] University in Ecuador: 2008<ref>{{cite web|title = Steve Wozniak Speaker Profile |url = https://www.speakersassociates.com/speaker/steve-wozniak|website = Speakers Associates |access-date = April 9, 2017}}</ref>
* Michigan State University, in East Lansing 2011<ref>{{Citation|title = MSU convocation speaker and honorary degree recipient Steve Wozniak, Spring 2011|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8YRMWAGBJw|date = May 9, 2011|accessdate = February 11, 2016|last = Michigan State University}}</ref>
* Concordia University in Montreal Canada: June 22, 2011<ref>{{Cite web|title = Honorary degree citation -Steve Wozniak|url = https://www.concordia.ca/offices/archives/honorary-degree-recipients/2011/06/steve-wozniak.html|website = www.concordia.ca|access-date = February 9, 2016}}</ref>
* State Engineering University of Armenia: November 11, 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/6409/steve-wozniak-awarded-honorary-doctoral-degree.html|title=Steve Wozniak Awarded Honorary Doctoral Degree - Hetq - News, Articles, Investigations|work=hetq.am|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref>
* Santa Clara University: June 16, 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title = June 2012 - 2012 - Press Releases - News & Events - Santa Clara University|url = https://www.scu.edu/news-and-events/press-releases/2012/june-2012/wozs-wisdom-to-the-santa-clara-university-class-of-2012.html|website = www.scu.edu|access-date = February 11, 2016|first = Santa Clara|last = University}}</ref>
* University Camilo José Cela in Madrid, Spain: November 8, 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucjc.edu/en/university/estructura-academica/honoris-causa/|title=Honorary Doctorates - Universidad Camilo José Cela|website=www.ucjc.edu|access-date=March 22, 2016}}</ref>
==Media==
Wozniak has been mentioned, represented or interviewed many times in media, including the following programs:
===Documentaries===
* ''[[Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine]]'' (2015)
* ''Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy''{{spaced ndash}} a 2009 documentary<ref>{{IMDb title|id=1227767|title=Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy}}</ref>
* "Geeks On Board" a 2007 documentary<ref>{{IMDb title|id=1110255|title=Geeks On Board}}</ref>
* ''[[The Secret History of Hacking]]''{{spaced ndash}} a 2001 documentary film featuring Wozniak.
* ''[[Triumph of the Nerds]]''{{spaced ndash}} a 1996 PBS documentary series about the rise of the personal computer.
* ''Steve Wozniak's Formative Moment''{{spaced ndash}} a March 15, 2016, original short feature film from [[Reddit]] Formative Moment<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrhmepZlCWY|title=Steve Wozniak’s Formative Moment|first=|last=Reddit|date=March 15, 2016|publisher=|accessdate=February 27, 2017|via=YouTube}}</ref>
===Feature films===
* 1999: ''[[Pirates of Silicon Valley]]''{{spaced ndash}} a [[TNT (U.S. TV network)|TNT]] film directed by [[Martyn Burke]]. Wozniak is portrayed by [[Joey Slotnick]] while Jobs is played by [[Noah Wyle]].
* 2013: ''[[Jobs (film)|Jobs]]'' {{spaced ndash}} a film directed by [[Joshua Michael Stern]]. Wozniak is portrayed by [[Josh Gad]], while Jobs is portrayed by [[Ashton Kutcher]].
* 2015: ''[[Steve Jobs (film)|Steve Jobs]]'' {{spaced ndash}} a [[feature film]] by [[Danny Boyle]], with a screenplay written by [[Aaron Sorkin]]. Wozniak is portrayed by [[Seth Rogen]], while Jobs is portrayed by [[Michael Fassbender]].
* 2015: ''Steve Jobs vs. [[Bill Gates]]: The Competition to Control the Personal Computer, 1974–1999'': Original film from the [[National Geographic Channel]] for the ''American Genius'' series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://americangenius.nationalgeographic.com/episode/jobs-vs-gates/|title=American Genius|work=American Genius|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910170511/http://americangenius.nationalgeographic.com/episode/jobs-vs-gates|archivedate=September 10, 2015}}</ref>
=== Television ===
[[File:Start of the shoot (2399650563) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|left|Wozniak during filming of ''[[Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List]]'']]
After seeing her stand-up performance in [[Saratoga, California]], Wozniak began dating comedian [[Kathy Griffin]].<ref name="bestweek">{{cite web|last=Collins|first=Michelle|title=VH1 Best Week Ever — Off The Market: Kathy Griffin Finds a New Man!| url=http://www.bestweekever.tv/2007/08/17/off-the-market-kathy-griffin-finds-a-new-man/|accessdate=September 18, 2007|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070820012223/http://www.bestweekever.tv/2007/08/17/off-the-market-kathy-griffin-finds-a-new-man/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archivedate=August 20, 2007}}</ref> Together, they attended the [[59th Primetime Emmy Awards|2007 Emmy Awards]],<ref name="ceosmack">{{cite web|title=Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Escorted Comedian Kathy Griffin & Her Potty Mouth To The Emmy’s.|url=http://www.ceosmack.com/2007/09/18/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-escorted-comedian-kathy-griffin-her-potty-mouth-to-the-emmys/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217011722/http://www.ceosmack.com/2007/09/18/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-escorted-comedian-kathy-griffin-her-potty-mouth-to-the-emmys/|archivedate=December 17, 2007|accessdate=September 18, 2007}}()</ref> and subsequently made many appearances on the fourth season of her show ''[[Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List]]''. Wozniak is on the show as her date for the [[Producers Guild of America]] award show. However, on a June 19, 2008 appearance on ''[[The Howard Stern Show]]'', Griffin confirmed that they were no longer dating and decided to remain friends.<ref>[http://www.howardstern.com/rundown.hs?month=June&day=19&year=2008&x=45&y=9 Who’s so vain?] June 19, 2008 — The Howard Stern Show. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105225726/http://www.howardstern.com/rundown.hs?month=June&day=19&year=2008&x=45&y=9 |date=November 5, 2013}}</ref>
Wozniak portrays a parody of himself in the first episode of the television series ''[[Code Monkeys]]''; he plays the owner of Gameavision before selling it to help fund Apple. He later appears again in the twelfth episode when he is in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] at the annual Video Game Convention and sees Dave and Jerry. He also appears in a parody of the "Get a Mac" ads featured in the final episode of ''Code Monkeys'' second season. Wozniak is also interviewed and featured in the documentary ''[[Hackers Wanted]]'' and on BBC.
Wozniak competed on Season 8 of ''[[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)|Dancing with the Stars]]'' in 2009<ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/02/wozniak-dancing.html "Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak to compete on 'Dancing With the Stars'"] from ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved on February 8, 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/7741472.stm|title=Why Apple founders got 'fired up.'|accessdate=February 5, 2009|date=November 21, 2008| publisher=BBC News}}</ref> where he danced with [[Karina Smirnoff]]. Despite Wozniak and Smirnoff receiving 10 combined points from the three judges out of 30, the lowest score of the evening, he remained in the competition. He later posted on a [[social networking]] site that he felt that the vote count was not legitimate and suggested that the ''Dancing with the Stars'' judges had lied about the vote count to keep him on the show.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 17, 2009|last=Matyszczyk|first= Chris|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17852_3-10198341-71.html?tag=mncol;txt|title=Woz in ABC 'outright lie' accusation|publisher=CNET}}</ref> After being briefed on the method of judging and vote counting, he retracted and apologized for his statements.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 19, 2009|last= Fashingbauer Cooper|first=Gael|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29777570/|title=Wozniak sorry he called ‘Dancing’ show ‘fake’| publisher=MSNBC}}</ref> Despite suffering a pulled [[hamstring]] and a fracture in his foot, Wozniak continued to compete,<ref>[http://tvwatch.people.com/2009/03/23/injured-steve-wozniak-will-perform-on-mondays-dwts/ Injured Woz Will Perform] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325092416/http://tvwatch.people.com/2009/03/23/injured-steve-wozniak-will-perform-on-mondays-dwts/ |date=March 25, 2009 }} People.com, March 23, 2009.</ref> but was eliminated from the competition on March 31, with a score of 12 out of 30 for an [[Argentine Tango]].<ref>[http://kara.allthingsd.com/20090401/woz-gets-hipchecked-off-the-dance-floor-big-big-sigh Woz Gets Hipchecked Off the Dance Floor], by Kara Swisher, April 1, 2009, All Things Digital.</ref>
On September 30, 2010, he appeared as himself on ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'' season 4 episode "[[The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification]]". While dining in [[The Cheesecake Factory]] where Penny works, he is approached by Sheldon via [[telepresence]] on a Texai robot. Leonard tries to explain to Penny who Wozniak is, but she says she already knows him from ''Dancing with the Stars''.
On September 30, 2013, he appeared along with early Apple employees [[Daniel Kottke]] and [[Andy Hertzfeld]] on the television show ''[[John Wants Answers]]'' to discuss the movie ''[[Jobs (film)|Jobs]]''.
==Artificial superintelligence views==
In March 2015, Wozniak stated that while he had originally dismissed the writings of Ray Kurzweil who stated machine intelligence will outpace human intelligence within several decades, Wozniak had come to change his mind: "I agree that the future is scary and very bad for people. If we build these devices to take care of everything for us, eventually they'll think faster than us and they'll get rid of the slow humans to run companies more efficiently." Wozniak stated that he had started to feel a contradictory sense of foreboding about artificial intelligence, while still supporting the advance of technology.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holley|first1=Peter|title=Apple co-founder on artificial intelligence: 'The future is scary and very bad for people'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/03/24/apple-co-founder-on-artificial-intelligence-the-future-is-scary-and-very-bad-for-people/|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=Washington Post|date=March 24, 2015}}</ref>
By June 2015, Wozniak changed his mind, stating that a superintelligence takeover would be good for humans: "They're going to be smarter than us and if they're smarter than us then they'll realise they need us... We want to be the family pet and be taken care of all the time... I got this idea a few years ago and so I started feeding my dog filet steak and chicken every night because 'do unto others'".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibbs|first1=Samuel|title=Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak says humans will be robots' pets|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jun/25/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-says-humans-will-be-robots-pets|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=The Guardian|date=June 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dowd|first1=Maureen|title=Elon Musk’s Billion-Dollar Crusade to Stop the A.I. Apocalypse|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/03/elon-musk-billion-dollar-crusade-to-stop-ai-space-x|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=April 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In 2016, Wozniak changed his mind again, stating that he no longer worried about the possibility of superintelligence emerging because he is skeptical that computers will be able to compete with human "intuition": "A computer could figure out a logical endpoint decision, but that’s not the way intelligence works in humans". Wozniak added that if computers do become superintelligent, "they're going to be partners of humans over all other species just forever".<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak dismisses AI concerns raised by Stephen Hawking and Nick Bostrom|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-wozniak-ai-2016-10|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=Business Insider|date=October 9, 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Stockton|first1=Nick|title=How Steve Wozniak Got Over His Fear of Robots Turning People Into Pets|url=https://www.wired.com/2017/04/steve-wozniak-silicon-valleys-nerdiest-legend/|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=WIRED|date=April 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Elon Musk says AI could doom human civilization. Zuckerberg disagrees. Who's right?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2018/01/02/artificial-intelligence-end-world-overblown-fears/985813001/|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=USA TODAY|date=January 2, 2018|language=en}}</ref>
==Personal life==
[[File:Kathy and Woz (2400485190) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|left|Wozniak and then-girlfriend [[Kathy Griffin]] in 2008]]
Wozniak lives in [[Los Gatos, California|Los Gatos]], [[California]]. He applied for Australian citizenship in 2012, and has stated that he would like to live in [[Melbourne, Australia]] in the future.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hopewell|first1=Luke|title=Steve Wozniak Is Becoming An Australian Citizen|url=http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2012/09/steve-wozniak-is-becoming-an-australian-citizen/|website=Gizmodo|accessdate=June 12, 2014|date=September 25, 2012}}</ref> Wozniak has been referred to frequently by the nickname "Woz", or "The Woz"; he has also been called "The Wonderful Wizard of Woz" and "The Second Steve" (in regard to his early business partner and longtime friend, [[Steve Jobs]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2011-03-steve-the-woz-wozniak-2011-isaac-asimov-science-awar|title=STEVE "THE WOZ" WOZNIAK: 2011 ISAAC ASIMOV SCIENCE AWARD|publisher=American Humanist Association|author=Sean Mulligan|accessdate=May 13, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913002604/http://www.americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2011-03-steve-the-woz-wozniak-2011-isaac-asimov-science-awar|archivedate=September 13, 2012}}</ref> "WoZ" (short for "[[Wheels of Zeus]]") is the name of a company Wozniak founded in 2002.
He is a [[Freemasonry|Freemason]], despite not having faith in a supreme being (which is required by Masonic rules except in "Liberal" or [[Continental Freemasonry]]). Wozniak describes his impetus for joining the Freemasons as being able to spend more time with his then-wife, Alice Robertson, who belonged to the [[Order of the Eastern Star]], associated with the Masons. Wozniak has said that he quickly rose to a third degree Freemason because, whatever he does, he tries to do well. He was initiated in 1979 at Charity Lodge No. 362 in [[Campbell, California]], now part of Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 292 in Los Gatos.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wozniak_s/wozniak_s.html |title=A Few Famous Masons |work= |publisher=Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon |accessdate=March 25, 2013}}</ref>
Wozniak was married to [[Canoe slalom|slalom canoe]] gold-medalist [[Candice Clark]] from June 1981 to 1987. They have three children together, the youngest being born after their divorce was finalized.<ref name=macobserver>{{cite web|url=http://www.macobserver.com/columns/thisweek/2004/20040613.shtml |title=This Week in Apple History – June 7–13: The Woz Marries, Switcher Campaign Starts, IE Ended |publisher=The Mac Observer |date= |accessdate=November 28, 2012}}</ref>
After a high-profile relationship with actress [[Kathy Griffin]], who described him on ''[[Tom Green's House Tonight]]'' in 2008 as "the biggest techno-nerd in the Universe", Wozniak married Janet Hill, his current spouse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2012/03/16/im-in-trouble-says-wozs-wife/|title=‘I’m in trouble’ says Woz’s wife|work=fortune.com|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Woz signs Modbook.jpg|thumb|Wozniak signs a [[Axiotron Modbook|Modbook]] at 2009 [[Macworld Expo]]]]
On his religious views, Wozniak called himself an "atheist or agnostic".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.woz.org/letters/general/72.html |title=Letters-General Questions Answered |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |date=2002 |website=Woz.org |accessdate=November 22, 2017 |location=Los Gatos, California |quote=I am also atheist or agnostic (I don't even know the difference). I've never been to church and prefer to think for myself. I do believe that religions stand for good things, and that if you make irrational sacrifices for a religion, then everyone can tell that your religion is important to you and can trust that your most important inner faiths are strong. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423142039/http://archive.woz.org/letters/general/72.html |archivedate=April 23, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Interview with Steve Wozniak|url=http://brianriley.us/interview_with_steve_wozniak.html|publisher=BrianRiley.us|accessdate=August 17, 2014|author=Brian Riley|location=Davis, California|year=2012|quote= I’m kind of spiritual inside. I have a lot of philosophies of how to be a good person, how to treat people, and I’ve worked them out, thinking over and over, reflecting inside my mind the way shy people do, and I was very shy, and coming up with my own little keys and rules for life, and they stayed with me…}}</ref>
He is a member of a [[Segway Polo]] team, the ''Silicon Valley Aftershocks''.
In 2006, he co-authored with [[Gina Smith (author)|Gina Smith]] his autobiography, ''[[iWoz]]''. The book made ''[[The New York Times Best Seller list]]''.<ref name=wozorg/>
Wozniak's favorite video game is ''[[Tetris]]'',<ref>[http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-9832348-52.html "Woz and I agree: 'Tetris' for the Gameboy is the best game ever], by Daniel Terdiman, December 11, 2007, Geek Gestalt on CNET News.</ref> and he had a high score for ''[[Sabotage (computer game)|Sabotage]]''.<ref name="softline198109">{{cite news | url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1981&pub=6&id=1 | title=High Scores | work=Softline | date=September 1981 | accessdate=July 13, 2014 | page=28}}</ref> In the 1990s he submitted so many high scores for Tetris to ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' that they would no longer print his scores, so he started sending them in under the alphabetically reversed name "Evets Kainzow".<ref name=woz.org>[http://www.woz.org/letters/evets-kainzow "Evets Kainzow"], by Steve Wozniak, Undated, Woz.org</ref>
Wozniak has the condition [[prosopagnosia]], or face-blindness.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-34188602 |title=Steve Wozniak: Shocked and amazed by Steve Jobs movie |last1=Kelion |first1=Leo |date=September 9, 2015 |website=[[bbc.co.uk]]|access-date=September 9, 2015}}</ref>
== See also ==
* {{Portal-inline|Steve Wozniak}}
* [[Apple IIGS]] (with limited edition case signed by Woz)
* [[Group coded recording]]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons|Steve Wozniak}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.folklore.org/ProjectView.py?project=Macintosh&characters=Steve%20Wozniak Steve Wozniak] @ [[Andy Hertzfeld]]'s ''The Original Macintosh'' (folklore.org)
* {{IMDb name|0941967}}
===Photographs===
* Edwards, Jim (December 26, 2013). [http://www.businessinsider.com/pictures-of-apples-first-employees-2013-12 "These Pictures Of Apple's First Employees Are Absolutely Wonderful"], ''[[Business Insider]]''
* [http://www.cnet.com/uk/pictures/macintosh-creators-rekindle-the-twiggy-mac-pictures/22/ "Macintosh creators rekindle the 'Twiggy Mac'"]. [[CNET]]
* [http://www.twiggymac.com/twiggy-lives-at-the-computer-museum/ "Twiggy Lives! At the Computer Museum: Happiness is a good friend – Woz and Rod Holt"]. The Twiggy Mac Pages
{{Woz}}
{{Apple}}
{{Apple celeb}}
{{Original Macintosh Design Team}}
{{HP}}
{{Hopper winners}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wozniak, Steve}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Amateur radio people]]
[[Category:American agnostics]]
[[Category:American atheists]]
[[Category:American computer businesspeople]]
[[Category:American computer programmers]]
[[Category:American computer scientists]]
[[Category:American engineers]]
[[Category:American inventors]]
[[Category:American people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Swiss-German descent]]
[[Category:American technology company founders]]
[[Category:Apple II family]]
[[Category:Apple Inc. people]]
[[Category:Apple Inc. executives]]
[[Category:Atari people]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from San Jose, California]]
[[Category:Computer designers]]
[[Category:De Anza College alumni]]
[[Category:Education activists]]
[[Category:Grace Murray Hopper Award laureates]]
[[Category:Hewlett-Packard people]]
[[Category:Internet activists]]
[[Category:Steve Jobs]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:National Medal of Technology recipients]]
[[Category:Nerd culture]]
[[Category:People from Los Gatos, California]]
[[Category:People who were expelled from school]]
[[Category:People with traumatic brain injuries]]
[[Category:People with prosopagnosia]]
[[Category:Personal computing]]
[[Category:Philanthropists from California]]
[[Category:Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of Colorado Boulder alumni]]
[[Category:University of Technology Sydney faculty]]
[[Category:National Inventors Hall of Fame inductees]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Steve Wozniak
| image = Steve Wozniak by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Wozniak in 2017
| birth_name = Stephen Gary Wozniak<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1950|8|11}}
| birth_place = [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[California]], U.S.
| alias = {{plainlist|
* Woz
* Berkeley Blue <ref name=slate.com>{{cite web |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/books/2013/02/steve_jobs_and_phone_hacking_exploding_the_phone_by_phil_lapsley_reviewed.html |title=Phreaks and Geeks |last=Dayal |first=Geeta |date=February 1, 2013 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref>
* Rocky Clark <ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-14/news/vw-5389_1_steve-wozniak |title=A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniak's Eye |last=Stix |first=Harriet |date=May 14, 1986 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref>}}
| education = [[Bachelor of Science|BS]] in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, [[University of California, Berkeley]], 1987<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak |title=Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak |website=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] |publisher=[[Lemelson Foundation]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref><ref name=wozorg>{{cite web|url=http://www.woz.org/about |publisher=Woz.org |title=About Steve Wozniak aka 'The Woz' |accessdate=March 19, 2017}}</ref>
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
* [[University of California, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] (B.S.)
* [[De Anza College]] (transferred)
* [[University of Colorado Boulder]] (transferred)
* [[Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)|Homestead High School]]}}
| occupation = {{plainlist|
* [[Electronic engineer|Electronics engineer]]
* [[Entrepreneur]]
* [[Programmer]]}}
| known_for = {{plainlist|
* Co-Founder of [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]
* [[Apple I]] developer
* [[Apple II]] co-developer
* Pioneer of the [[personal computer revolution]] with [[Steve Jobs]]}}
| salary =
| net worth = US$100 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/21/why-apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-doesnt-trust-money.html|title=Why Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak doesn't trust money|first=Emmie|last=Martin|date=April 21, 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Alice Robertson |1976|1980}}
* {{marriage|[[Candice Clark]] |1981|1987}}
* {{marriage|Suzanne Mulkern |1990|2004}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.com/archive/wizard-of-woz-vol-41-no-6/|title=Wizard of Woz|publisher=|accessdate=April 9, 2018}}</ref>
* {{marriage|Janet Hill|2008}}}}
| partner = [[Kathy Griffin]] (2007-2008)
| children = 3<ref name=macobserver/>
| callsign = ex-WA6BND (ex-WV6VLY)
| website = {{url|http://www.woz.org/}}
}}
'''Stephen Gary Wozniak''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɒ|z|n|i|æ|k}}; born August 11, 1950),<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}}<ref name=biography.com>{{cite web|title=Steve Wozniak|url=http://www.biography.com/people/steve-wozniak-9537334|work=biography|publisher=biography.com|accessdate=July 4, 2016}}</ref> often referred to by the nickname '''Woz''',<ref>{{cite book |title=Steve Wozniak: A Wizard Called Woz |author=Rebecca Gold |publisher=Lerner |date=1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company |author=Owen W. Linzmayer |publisher=No Starch Press |date=2004 |page=27}}</ref> is an American inventor, [[electronics engineer]], [[programmer]], [[philanthropist]], and technology [[entrepreneur]] who co-founded [[Apple, Inc.]] in 1976, which later became the [[List of the largest information technology companies|world's largest information technology company]] by revenue. He and Apple co-founder [[Steve Jobs]] are widely recognized as pioneers of the [[Microcomputer revolution|personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s]].
Wozniak started designing and developing the [[Apple I|Apple I]] in 1975;<ref>{{cite book |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |title=iWoz |year=2006 |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-33043-4 |page=150|quote=After my first meeting, I started designing the computer that would later be known as the Apple I. It was that inspiring.}}</ref> it became the computer that launched Apple when he and Jobs first began marketing it the following year. He primarily designed the [[Apple II]] in 1977, known as one of the first highly successful mass-produced [[microcomputer]]s,<ref>{{cite web|last=Reimer |first=Jeremy |url=https://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/total-share.ars/3 |title=Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures |publisher=Ars Technica |date=December 14, 2005 |accessdate=May 22, 2017}}</ref> while Jobs oversaw the development of its foam-molded plastic case and early Apple employee [[Rod Holt]] developed the [[switched-mode power supply|switching power supply]].<ref name="mit">{{cite web|url=http://www.atariage.com/forums/topic/161774-nolan-bushnell-appointed-to-atari-board/page__view__findpost__p__2001071 |title=Nolan Bushnell Appointed to Atari Board — AtariAge Forums — Page 30 |publisher=Atariage.com |date=April 29, 2010 |accessdate=November 11, 2010}}</ref> He also had major influence until 1981, along with computer scientist [[Jef Raskin]], over the initial development of the original [[Apple Macintosh]], which Jobs then took over following Wozniak's brief departure from the company due to a traumatic airplane accident.<ref name=TheVerge/><ref name=wozorg/> After stepping away from Apple in 1985 for good, Wozniak founded [[CL 9]] and created the first [[universal remote]], released in 1987. He then pursued several other business and philanthropic ventures throughout his career, focusing largely on tech in K–12 schools.
Wozniak is currently Chief Scientist at the [[data virtualization]] company Primary Data, and has remained an employee of Apple over the years in a ceremonial capacity.<ref name=wozorg/><ref name="wozemployee"/>
==Early life==
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Steve Wozniak was born in [[San Jose, California]], the son of Francis Jacob "Jerry" Wozniak (1925–1994) from [[Michigan]]<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}} and Margaret Louise Wozniak (née Kern) (1923–2014)<ref>[http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=dowfam3&id=I191886 Dowling Family Genealogy]{{unreliable source?|date=December 2017}}</ref> from [[Washington (state)]].<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}} He graduated from [[Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)|Homestead High School]] in 1968.
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The name on Wozniak's birth certificate is "Stephan Gary Wozniak", but Steve's mother said that she intended it to be spelled "Stephen", which is what he uses.<ref name="iWoz" />{{rp|18}} Wozniak has mentioned his surname being Polish<ref name="wozorg-polish">{{cite web |url=http://www.woz.org/category/tags/poland |title=About your last name |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |website=Woz.org |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> and Ukrainian<ref>{{cite news | url = https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/zavzhdi-znav-scho-mayu-ukrayinske-prizvische-spivzasnovnik-apple-voznyak-vidvidav-kiyiv-1001620.html | title = Завжди знав, що маю українське прізвище: співзасновник Apple Возняк відвідав Київ | date = September 30, 2017 | format = video | work = TSN 19:30 | publisher = [[1+1 (TV channel)|1+1]] | location = [[Kiev]] | accessdate = December 12, 2017 | quote = This is a very special visit for us. I was always aware that my name was Ukrainian. }} Report in Ukrainian, but part of Wozniak speaking in English can be heard behind the translation.</ref> and spoken of his Polish descent,<ref>{{cite book |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |date=August 17, 2007 |title=iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hlA6Xv3-59YC&lpg=PA130&ots=Hs79jl0vAQ&dq=Steve%20Wozniak%20polish&hl=en&pg=PA129 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |pages=129–130 |isbn=978-0-3930-6686-9 |accessdate=December 12, 2017 |quote= Being a Polish Wozniak who tells and laughs at Polish jokes... [...] Twelve years later the same Polish-American Congress gave me its Heritage Award, its highest award for acievements by a Polish-American. }}</ref> but stated that he does not know the origin of some other people with the Wozniak surname because he is "no heritage expert".<ref name="wozorg-polish"/>
In the early 1970s, Wozniak was known as "Berkeley Blue" in the [[Phreaking|phone phreak]] community, after he made a [[blue box]].<ref name=slate.com/><ref>{{cite web|last=Lapsley |first=Phil |url=http://www.salon.com/2013/02/16/from_phreaks_to_apple_steve_jobs_and_steve_wozniaks_eureka_moment/ |title=From "phreaks" to Apple: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak’s "eureka!" moment |publisher=Salon.com |date=February 16, 2013 |accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref>
Wozniak has credited watching ''[[Star Trek]]'' and attending [[Trekkie|''Star Trek'' conventions]] while in his youth as a source of inspiration for his starting [[Apple Inc]].<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/interview-steve-wozniak-on-sci-fi-comic-books-and_us_58f7e86de4b081380af51897 Huffingtonpost interview]. Retrieved on April 22, 2017.</ref>
==Career==
===Origins of Apple===
In 1969, Wozniak returned to the Bay Area after being expelled from [[University of Colorado Boulder]] in his first year for sending prank messages on the university's computer system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cuindependent.com/2007/02/20/cu-breeds-success-a-look-at-famous-alumni/|title=CU breeds success: A look at famous alumni|first=|last=CUIndependent|date=February 20, 2007|work=cuindependent.com|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorado.edu/chancellor/2016/02/24/chancellor|title=From the Chancellor - Office of the Chancellor - University of Colorado Boulder|work=colorado.edu|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> During this time, as a self-taught project, Wozniak designed and built a "Cream Soda" computer with his friend [[Bill Fernandez]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://emberify.com/blog/cream-soda-the-first-computer/|title=Cream soda – The first computer|date=October 1, 2014|work=emberify.com|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref> He later re-enrolled at [[De Anza College]] and transferred to [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1971. Before focusing his attention on Apple, he was employed at [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP) where he designed calculators.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMRmG72LBU8 |title=Steve Wozniak Talks About HP |website=[[YouTube]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref> It was during this time that he befriended [[Steve Jobs]].<ref name=ABCnews/>
Wozniak was introduced to Jobs by Fernandez, who attended [[Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)|Homestead High School]] with Jobs in 1971. Jobs and Wozniak became friends when Jobs worked for the summer at HP, where Wozniak too was employed, working on a [[mainframe computer]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=Jefferey S.|title=Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward.|date=December 1988|publisher=Lynx Books|isbn=155802378X}}</ref> This was recounted by Wozniak in a 2007 interview with [[ABC News]], of how and when he first met Jobs: {{quote|"We first met in 1971 during my college years, while he was in high school. A friend said, 'you should meet Steve Jobs because he likes electronics, and he also plays pranks.' So he introduced us."<ref name=ABCnews>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/PCWorld/story?id=3396207 |title=Three Minutes With Steve Wozniak |publisher=ABCNews.go.com |date=July 20, 2007 |accessdate=November 10, 2013}}</ref>}}
In 1973, Jobs was working for [[arcade game]] company [[Atari, Inc.]] in [[Los Gatos, California]].<ref name="intoday1">{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs/1/154785.html |title=An exclusive interview with Daniel Kottke|publisher=India Today|date=September 13, 2011 |accessdate=October 27, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073007/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs/1/154785.html |archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> He was assigned to create a [[Printed circuit board|circuit board]] for the arcade video game ''[[Breakout (video game)|Breakout]]''. According to Atari co-founder [[Nolan Bushnell]], Atari offered $100 ({{Inflation|US|100|1973|fmt=eq}}) for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs had little knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, by using [[Random-access memory|RAM]] for the brick representation. Too complex to be fully comprehended at the time, the fact that this prototype also had no scoring or coin mechanisms meant Woz's prototype could not be used. Jobs was paid the full bonus regardless. Jobs told Wozniak that Atari gave them only $700 and that Wozniak's share was thus $350 ({{Inflation|US|350|1973|fmt=eq}}).<ref name="breakout">{{cite web |url=http://www.woz.org/letters/general/91.html |title=Letters – General Questions Answered |accessdate=June 20, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612071502/http://www.woz.org/letters/general/91.html |archivedate=June 12, 2011 }}, Woz.org<br /> Wozniak, Steven: "[[iWoz]]", a: pp. 147–48, b: p. 180. [[W. W. Norton]], 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-393-06143-7}}<br /> Kent, Stevn: "The Ultimate History of Video Games", pp. 71–3. Three Rivers, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7615-3643-4}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.arcade-history.com/index.php?page=detail&id=3397|title=Breakout|publisher=Arcade History|date=June 25, 2002|accessdate=April 19, 2010}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=395|title=Classic Gaming: A Complete History of Breakout|publisher=GameSpy|accessdate=April 19, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813113450/http://classicgaming.gamespy.com/View.php?view=Articles.Detail&id=395|archivedate=July 8, 2012}}</ref> Wozniak did not learn about the actual $5,000 bonus ({{Inflation|US|5000|1973|fmt=eq}}) until ten years later, but said that if Jobs had told him about it and had said he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him.<ref>Isaacson. 2011. Chapter Four – "Atari and India" pp. 104–107.</ref>
In 1975, Wozniak began designing and developing the computer that would eventually make him famous, the [[Apple I]]. On June 29 of that year, he tested his first working prototype, displaying a few letters and running sample programs. It was the first time in history that a [[Character (computing)|character]] displayed on a TV screen was generated by a home computer.<ref name="iWoz" /> With the Apple I, he and Jobs were largely working to impress other members of the [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]]-based [[Homebrew Computer Club]], a local group of electronics hobbyists interested in computing. The Club was one of several key centers which established the home hobbyist era, essentially creating the microcomputer industry over the next few decades. Unlike other Homebrew designs, the Apple had an easy-to-achieve video capability that drew a crowd when it was unveiled.<ref name="FireValley" />
===Apple formation and success===
{{See also|History of Apple#1975–1985: Jobs and Wozniak}}
[[File:Original 1976 Apple 1 Computer In A Briefcase.JPG|thumb|Original 1976 [[Apple 1]] Computer in a briefcase. From the [[Sydney Powerhouse Museum]] collection]]
In 1976, Wozniak completed the [[Apple I]] design. He alone designed the hardware, circuit board designs, and operating system for the computer.<ref name="FireValley">{{cite book |title=Fire in the Valley|first1=Paul|last1=Freiberger|authorlink1=Paul Freiberger|last2=Swaine |first2= Michael |authorlink2= Michael Swaine (technical author)|year=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=0-07-135892-7}}</ref> Wozniak originally offered the design to HP while working there, but was denied by the company on five different occasions.<ref name="AI">{{cite web|url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/10/12/06/apple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times |title=Apple co-founder offered first computer design to HP 5 times |publisher=appleinsider.com}}</ref> Jobs instead had the idea to sell the Apple I with Wozniak as a fully assembled [[printed circuit board]]. Wozniak, at first skeptical, was later convinced by Jobs that even if they were not successful they could at least say to their grandkids they had had their own company. Together they sold some of their possessions (such as Wozniak's HP [[scientific calculator]] and Jobs' [[Volkswagen Type 2|Volkswagen van]]), raised $1,300, and assembled the first boards in Jobs' bedroom and later (when there was no space left) in Jobs' garage. Wozniak's apartment in San Jose was filled with monitors, electronic devices, and some computer games Wozniak had developed. The Apple I sold for $666.66. (Wozniak later said he had no idea about the relation between the number and the [[Number of the Beast|mark of the beast]], and "I came up with [it] because I like repeating digits.") Jobs and Wozniak sold their first 50 system boards to [[Paul Terrell]], who was starting a new computer shop, called the Byte Shop, in [[Mountain View, California]].<ref name="iWoz">{{cite book|last=Wozniak|first=Steve|last2=Smith|first2=Gina|year=2006|title=iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=0-393-06143-4}}</ref>
On April 1, 1976, Jobs and Wozniak formed [[Apple Computer]] (now called Apple Inc.) along with administrative supervisor [[Ronald Wayne]], whose participation in the new venture was short lived. Wozniak resigned from his job at [[Hewlett-Packard]] and became the vice president in charge of research and development at Apple. He and Jobs decided on the name "Apple" shortly after Jobs returned from an [[apple orchard]] in Oregon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2011/11/how-did-apple-computer-get-its-brand-name.html#.WgCTJhNSyt8 |title=How Did Apple Computer Get Its Brand Name? |publisher=''Branding Strategy Insider''|date=November 17, 2011 |accessdate=December 25, 2017}}</ref> Wozniak's Apple I was similar to the [[Altair 8800]], the first commercially available microcomputer, except the Apple I had no provision for internal expansion cards. With expansion cards the Altair could attach to a computer terminal and be programmed in [[BASIC]]. In contrast, the Apple I was a hobbyist machine. Wozniak's design included a $25 [[microprocessor]] ([[MOS Technology 6502|MOS 6502]]) on a single circuit board with 256 [[byte]]s of [[Read-only memory|ROM]], 4K or 8K bytes of [[Random access memory|RAM]], and a 40-character by 24-row display controller. Apple's first computer lacked a case, power supply, keyboard, and display, all components the user had to provide.
[[File:Micromodem II in Apple II.jpg|thumb|An [[Apple II]] computer with an external [[modem]]]]
After the success of the Apple I, Wozniak designed the [[Apple II]], the first personal computer that had the ability to display color graphics, and BASIC programming language built-in.<ref name="iWoz" /> Inspired by "the technique [[Atari]] used to simulate colors on its first [[arcade game]]s", Wozniak found a way of putting colors into the [[NTSC]] system by using a $1 chip,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macstories.net/news/woz-putting-color-in-the-computer-was-one-of-the-biggest-things-apple-ever-did/|title=Woz: Putting Color In The Computer Was One Of The Biggest Things Apple Ever Did|work=macstories.net}}</ref> while colors in the [[PAL]] system were achieved by "accident" when a dot occurred on a line, and to this day he has no idea how it works.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2012/11/26/steve-wozniak-his-career-challenges-steve-jobs-tech-trends-and-advice/|title=Steve Wozniak: His Career Challenges, Steve Jobs, Tech Trends and Advice|author=Dan Schawbel|work=Forbes}}</ref> During the design stage, Steve Jobs argued that the Apple II should have two [[expansion slot]]s, while Wozniak wanted eight<ref>iWoz</ref>. After a heated argument, during which Wozniak had threatened for Jobs to 'go get himself another computer', they decided to go with eight slots. The Apple II became one of the first highly successful mass-produced personal computers in the world.
In 1980, Apple went public to instant and significant financial profitability, making Jobs and Wozniak both millionaires. The Apple II's eventual successor, the [[Apple III]], released the same year, was not nearly as successful as the Apple II. According to Wozniak, the Apple III "had 100 percent hardware failures", and that the primary reason for these failures was that the system was designed by Apple's marketing department, unlike Apple's previous engineering-driven projects.<ref name="byte198501"/>
During the early design and development phase of the [[Macintosh 128K]], Wozniak had heavy influence over the project until 1981. In a 2013 interview, Wozniak said that "Steve [Jobs] really took over the project when I had a plane crash and wasn't there."<ref name=TheVerge/><ref name=wozorg/>
===Airplane crash===
On February 7, 1981, the [[Beechcraft Bonanza]] A36TC Wozniak was piloting crashed soon after takeoff from the [[Santa Cruz Sky Park|Sky Park Airport]] in [[Scotts Valley, California|Scotts Valley]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Tirrell|first=Rick|title=The wisdom of resilience builders : how our best leaders create the world's most enduring enterprises|year=2009|publisher=AuthorHouse|location=Bloomington, IN|isbn=1-4490-5323-8|page=236}}</ref> The plane stalled while climbing, then bounced down the runway, went through two fences, and crashed into an embankment. Wozniak and his three passengers—then-fiancée [[Candice Clark]], her brother Jack Clark, and his girlfriend, Janet Valleau—were injured. Wozniak sustained severe face and head injuries, including losing a tooth, and also suffered for five weeks after the crash from [[anterograde amnesia]], the inability to create new memories. He had no memory of the crash, and did not remember his name in the hospital or the things he did after he was released.<ref name="byte198501">{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1985-01/1985_01_BYTE_10-01_Through_the_Hourglass#page/n167/mode/2up | title=The Apple Story / Part 2: More History and the Apple III | work=BYTE | date=January 1985 | accessdate=October 26, 2013 |author1=Williams, Gregg |author2=Moore, Rob | page=166 | type=interview}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=O'Grady|first=Jason D.|title=Apple Inc.|year=2009|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn.|isbn=0-313-36244-0|page=27}}</ref> He would later state that Apple II computer games are what helped him regain his memory.<ref name="iWoz"/> The [[National Transportation Safety Board]] investigation report cited premature liftoff and pilot inexperience as probable causes of the crash.<ref>{{cite book|last=Linzmayer|first=Owen W.|title=Apple confidential 2.0 : the definitive history of the world's most colorful company|year=2004|publisher=No Starch Press|location=San Francisco, Calif.|isbn=1-59327-010-0|pages=28–30|edition=Rev. 2nd}}</ref>
Wozniak did not immediately return to Apple after recovering from the airplane crash, seeing it as a good reason to leave.{{r|byte198501}}
===US Festivals===
[[File:Steve Wozniak, 1983.jpg|thumb|Wozniak in 1983]]
In May 1982 and 1983, Wozniak, with help from professional concert promotor [[Bill Graham (promoter)|Bill Graham]], founded and sponsored two [[US Festival]]s to celebrate evolving technologies; they ended up as a technology exposition and a rock festival as a combination of music, computers, television and people. After losing several million dollars on the 1982 festival, he stated that unless the 1983 event turned a profit, he would end his involvement with rock festivals and get back to designing computers.<ref>{{cite journal |last= |first= |title=Us Festival: More Music, Money and Madness|journal=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=June 9, 1983 |issue=397|pages=42–45}}</ref> Later that year, Wozniak returned to Apple product development, desiring no more of a role than that of an engineer and a motivational factor for the Apple workforce.<ref name="iWoz" />
===Departure from Apple===
[[File:Steve Wozniak and Andy Hertzfeld 1985.jpg|thumb|Wozniak and [[Andy Hertzfeld]] at an Apple Computer Users Group meeting in 1985]]
In the mid-1980s he designed the [[Apple Desktop Bus]], a [[proprietary hardware|proprietary]] [[serial communications|bit-serial]] [[peripheral bus]] introduced on many later [[Macintosh]] and [[NeXT]] computer models. However, even with the success he helped create at Apple, Wozniak felt that the company was hindering him from being who he wanted to be, and that it was "the bane of his existence".<ref name="Flatow" /> He enjoyed engineering, not management, and said that he missed "the fun of the early days".<ref name="wozemployee"/> Although its products provided about 85% of Apple's sales in early 1985, the company's January 1985 annual meeting did not mention the Apple II division or employees, a move that frustrated Wozniak.<ref name="rice19850415">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zC4EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA13&ots=a_Fs_n1Np8&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Unrecognized Apple II Employees Exit | work=[[InfoWorld]] | date=April 15, 1985 | accessdate=February 4, 2015 | last=Rice|first= Valerie | page=35}}</ref> As other engineers joined the growing company, he no longer felt needed there and by early 1985, Wozniak left Apple again, stating that the company had "been going in the wrong direction for the last five years". He then sold most of his stock.<ref name="rice19850415"/>
===Post Apple career===
After his career at Apple, Wozniak enrolled at UC Berkeley to complete his degree. Because his name was well known at this point, he enrolled under the name Rocky Raccoon Clark, which is the name listed on his diploma.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://theconversation.com/interview-steve-wozniak-apple-co-founder-and-inventor-of-the-home-computer-64313|title=Interview: Steve Wozniak, Apple co-founder and inventor of the home computer|publisher=The Conversation|author=David Glancer|date=August 26, 2016|access-date=May 17, 2017}}</ref>
One thing Wozniak wanted to do was teach elementary school because of the important role teachers play in students' lives. Eventually, he did teach computer classes to children from the fifth through ninth grades and teachers as well.<ref name="Flatow">Flatow, Ira. ''Present at the Future: From Evolution to Nanotechnology, Candid and Controversial Conversations on Science and Nature''. USA: HarperCollins, 2007. 263-4. Print.</ref>
Wozniak founded [[CL 9]] in 1985, which developed and brought the first programmable [[universal remote]] control to market in 1987.<ref name="iWoz" />
In 2001, Wozniak founded [[Wheels of Zeus]] (WOZ),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/TECH/industry/01/24/wozniak.zeus.idg/|title=CNN.com - Apple co-founder turns the Wheels of Zeus - January 24, 2002|last=Costello|first=Sam|website=edition.cnn.com|access-date=October 19, 2017}}</ref> to create wireless [[GPS]] technology to "help everyday people find everyday things much more easily." In 2002, he joined the board of directors of [[Ripcord Networks]], Inc., joining [[Ellen Hancock]], [[Gil Amelio]], Mike Connor, and Wheels of Zeus co-founder [[Alex Fielding]], all Apple alumni, in a new [[telecommunications]] venture. Later the same year he joined the board of directors of [[Danger (company)|Danger, Inc.]], the maker of the [[Danger Hiptop|Hip Top]].
In 2006, Wheels of Zeus was closed, and Wozniak founded [[Acquicor Technology]], a [[holding company]] for acquiring technology companies and developing them, with Apple alumni Hancock and Amelio.
From 2009 through 2014 he was chief scientist at [[Fusion-io]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/05/technology/business-computing/05wozniak.html |title=Wozniak Accepts Post at a Storage Start-Up |author= Ashlee Vance |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date= February 4, 2009 |accessdate= September 28, 2016}}</ref> In 2014 he became chief scientist at Primary Data, which was founded by some former Fusion-io executives.<ref>{{cite news |title= The Band's Back Together: Woz Joins Startup Primary Data |date= November 19, 2014 |author= Chris Preimesberger |work= eWeek |url= http://www.eweek.com/virtualization/the-bands-back-together-woz-joins-startup-primary-data.html |accessdate= September 28, 2016}}</ref>
Despite leaving Apple as a day-to-day employee in 1985, Wozniak chose to never remove himself from the official employee list, and continues to represent the company at events or in interviews.<ref name="wozemployee"/> Today he receives a stipend from Apple for this role, estimated to be $120,000 per year.<ref name="iWoz" /><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/video/?/video/bestoftv/2011/08/25/exp.piers.wozniak.jobs.reaction.cnn | work=CNN | title=CNN.com Video}}</ref><ref name="wozemployee">{{Cite news|url=http://woz.org/letters/never-left-apple/|title=I Never Left Apple|date=January 3, 2018|work=Officially Woz|access-date=October 2, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> He is also an Apple shareholder.<ref name="wozstock">[http://www.fool.com/research/2000/features000302.htm Apple's ''Other'' Steve (Stock Research)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019134707/http://www.fool.com/research/2000/features000302.htm |date=October 19, 2006 }} March 2, 2000, Fool.com</ref> He maintained a friendly acquaintance with Steve Jobs until Jobs' death in October 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Krishnamoorthy|first1=Anand|last2=Li|first2=Susan|title=Jobs's Death Was Like Lennon, JFK Getting Shot, Wozniak Says|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-10-06/steve-jobs-s-death-struck-like-john-lennon-jfk-getting-shot-wozniak-says|work=[[Bloomberg Business]]week|accessdate=March 25, 2015}}</ref> However, in 2006, Wozniak stated that he and Jobs were not as close as they used to be.<ref>{{cite web|last=Peterson |first=Kim |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2002929498_wozqa14.html |title=Steve Wozniak Q & A |publisher=Seattletimes.nwsource.com |date=April 16, 2006 |accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref> In a 2013 interview, Wozniak said that the original [[Macintosh]] "failed" under Steve Jobs, and that it was not until Jobs left that it became a success. He called the [[Apple Lisa]] group the team that had kicked Jobs out, and that Jobs liked to call the Lisa group "idiots for making [the Lisa computer] too expensive". To compete with the Lisa, Jobs and his new team produced a cheaper computer, one that, according to Wozniak, was "weak", "lousy" and "still at a fairly high price". "He made it by cutting the RAM down, by forcing you to swap disks here and there", says Wozniak. He attributed the eventual success of the Macintosh to people like [[John Sculley]] "who worked to build a Macintosh market when the Apple II went away".<ref name=TheVerge>{{cite web|title=Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life|accessdate=June 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312014832/http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life|archivedate=March 12, 2016}}</ref>
[[Silicon Valley Comic Con]] (SVCC) is an annual [[pop culture]] and [[technology]] convention at the [[San Jose McEnery Convention Center]] in [[San Jose, California]]. The [[Convention (meeting)|convention]] was co-founded by Wozniak and Rick White with Trip Hunter as CEO; the inaugural event was held March 18–20, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Silicon Valley Comic Con WOZ Welcome Address, published on YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9v2rpUoWRAI|accessdate=May 2, 2016}}</ref>
==Patents==
[[File:Steve Wozniak 2012.jpg|thumb|Wozniak at [[Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre]], Australia, 2012]]
Wozniak is listed as the sole inventor on the following Apple patents:
* US Patent No. 4,136,359: "Microcomputer for use with video display"<ref>[http://ip.com/pat/US4136359 US Patent No. 4,136,359], US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database.</ref>—for which he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
* US Patent No. 4,210,959: "Controller for magnetic disc, recorder, or the like"<ref>[http://ip.com/patent/US4210959 Controller for magnetic disc, recorder, or the like] US Patent 4210959.</ref>
* US Patent No. 4,217,604: "Apparatus for digitally controlling [[PAL]] color display"<ref>[http://ip.com/patent/US4217604 Apparatus for digitally controlling PAL color display] US Patent 4217604.</ref>
* US Patent No. 4,278,972: "Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display"<ref>[http://ip.com/patent/US4278972 Digitally-controlled color signal generation means for use with display] US Patent 4278972.</ref>
==Philanthropy==
In 1990, Wozniak helped found the [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]], providing some of the organization's initial funding<ref name="eff-barlow">{{cite web|url=https://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/history.eff |title=A Not Terribly Brief History of the Electronic Frontier Foundation |author=John Perry Barlow |date=November 8, 1990 |accessdate=December 28, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010627230955/http://www.eff.org/pub/EFF/history.eff |archivedate=June 27, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://w2.eff.org/legal/cases/SJG/?f=eff_creation.html|title=Formation documents and mission statement for the EFF|accessdate=December 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204082735/http://w2.eff.org/legal/cases/SJG/?f=eff_creation.html|archive-date=December 4, 2015|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuxradar.com/content/inside-electronic-frontier-foundation |title=Inside the Electronic Frontier Foundation |author=Mike Saunders |date=July 3, 2013 |publisher=TuxRadar.com |accessdate=December 28, 2015}}</ref> and serving on its founding Board of Directors.<ref name="eff-barlow" /> He was the founding sponsor of the [[Tech Museum]], Silicon Valley Ballet and [[Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose]].<ref name=wozorg/> Also since leaving Apple, Wozniak has provided all the money, as well as a good amount of on-site technical support, for the technology program in his local school district in [[Los Gatos, California|Los Gatos]].<ref name="iWoz" /> Un.U.Son. (Unite Us In Song), an organization Wozniak formed to organize the two [[US Festival|US festivals]], is now primarily tasked with supporting his educational and philanthropic projects.<ref name="iWoz" /> In 1986, Wozniak lent his name to the Stephen G. Wozniak Achievement Awards (popularly known as "Wozzie Awards"), which he presented to six Bay Area high school and college students for their innovative use of computers in the fields of business, art and music. More recently, Wozniak was the subject of a student-made film production of his friend's (Joe Patane) nonprofit Dream Camp Foundation for high-level need youth titled ''Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy''.
==Honors and awards==
In 1979, Wozniak was awarded the ACM [[Grace Murray Hopper Award]]. In 1985, he received the [[National Medal of Technology]] (with [[Steve Jobs]]) from US President [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="iWoz" /> In December 1989, he received an honorary [[Doctor of Engineering]] degree from the [[University of Colorado at Boulder]].<ref name="uofc">{{cite web| last = Seibold| first = Chris| title = This Day in Apple History December 28, 1989: Woz Gets Honorary Doctorate, Dish Incident Forgotten| url=http://www.applematters.com/index.php/section/history/2006/12/28/| accessdate = July 31, 2007| postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> Later he donated funds to create the "Woz Lab" at the University of Colorado at Boulder. In 1998, he was named a Fellow of the [[Computer History Museum]] "for co-founding Apple Computer and inventing the Apple I personal computer."<ref>{{cite web |title= Steve Wozniak — CHM Fellow Award Winner |author= CHM |url= http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/steve-wozniak|accessdate= March 30, 2015}}</ref> The city of San Jose named a street "Woz Way" in his honour.
In September 2000, Wozniak was inducted into the [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]],<ref>[http://www.invent.org/Hall_Of_Fame/155.html Inventor Profile] — National Inventors Hall of Fame. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221075015/http://www.invent.org/Hall_Of_Fame/155.html |date=February 21, 2014}}</ref> and in 2001 he was awarded the 7th Annual [[Heinz Award]] for Technology, the Economy and Employment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heinzawards.net/recipients/steve-wozniak |title=The Heinz Awards, Steve Wozniak profile |publisher=Heinzawards.net |date= |accessdate=November 11, 2010}}</ref> The [[American Humanist Association]] awarded him the [[Isaac Asimov Awards|Isaac Asimov Science Award]] in 2011.
[[File:Steve Wozniak by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|left|thumb|Wozniak at a conference in October 2017]]
In December 2005, Wozniak was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from [[Kettering University]].<ref>[http://www.kettering.edu/visitors/presidentsoffice/honorary_degrees.jsp Honorary Doctorate] — Kettering University List of Honorary Degrees. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125172739/http://www.kettering.edu/visitors/presidentsoffice/honorary_degrees.jsp |date=November 25, 2011}}</ref> He also received honorary degrees from [[North Carolina State University]]<ref name="NCSU">[http://www.ncsu.edu/about-nc-state/university-leadership/board-of-trustees/honorary-degrees/degrees-conferred/ Honorary Doctorate] — North Carolina State University List of Honorary Degrees.</ref> and [[Nova Southeastern University]], and the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology. In May 2011, Wozniak received an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from [[Michigan State University]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commencement.msu.edu/ |title=Commencement | MSU Commencement |publisher=Commencement.msu.edu |date= |accessdate=March 22, 2013}}</ref> In June 2012, Wozniak was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree from [[Santa Clara University]].
He was awarded the Global Award of the President of Armenia for Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Through IT in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalitaward.am/en/laureate2.html |title=Global Award of the President of Armenia for Outstanding Contribution to Humanity Through IT |publisher=Globalitaward.am |date= |accessdate=March 22, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201053155/http://www.globalitaward.am/en/laureate2.html |archivedate=December 1, 2012}}</ref>
On February 17, 2014, in Los Angeles, Wozniak was awarded the 66th [[Hoover Medal]] from IEEE President & CEO J. Roberto de Marca. The award is presented to an engineer whose professional achievements and personal endeavors have advanced the well-being of humankind and is administered by a board representing five engineering organizations: The [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]]; the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]]; the [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers]]; the [[American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers]]; and [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]].
The New York City Chapter of Young Presidents' Organization presented their 2014 Lifetime Achievement Award to Wozniak on October 16, 2014 at the [[American Museum of Natural History]].
In November 2014, ''[[Industry Week]]'' added Wozniak to the Manufacturing Hall of Fame.
On June 19, 2015, Wozniak received the Legacy for Children Award from the [[Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose]]. The Legacy for Children Award honors an individual whose legacy has significantly benefited the learning and lives of children. The purpose of the Award is to focus [[Silicon Valley]]'s attention on the needs of our children, encouraging us all to take responsibility for their well-being. Candidates are nominated by a committee of notable community members involved in children's education, health care, human and social services, and the arts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdm.org/connect/support/legacy-for-children/|title=Legacy for Children Award|work=Children’s Discovery Museum of San Jose}}</ref> The Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose is at 180 Woz Way.
On June 20, 2015, The Cal Alumni Association (UC Berkeley's Alumni Association) presented Wozniak with the 2015 Alumnus of the Year Award. "We are honored to recognize Steve Wozniak with CAA’s most esteemed award," said CAA President Cynthia So Schroeder '91. "His invaluable contributions to education and to UC Berkeley place him among Cal's most accomplished and respected alumni."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alumni.berkeley.edu/announcements/caa-announcements/caa-announces-2015-alumnus-year-steve-wozniak-bs-86-and-other-alumni|title=CAA Announces the 2015 Alumnus of the Year Steve Wozniak, B.S. ’86 and Other Alumni Award Recipients|work=Cal Alumni Association}}</ref>
In March 2016, [[High Point University]] announced that Wozniak will serve as their Innovator in Residence. Wozniak was High Point University’s commencement speaker in 2013. Through this ongoing partnership, Wozniak will connect with High Point University students on a variety of topics and make campus-visits periodically.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.highpoint.edu/blog/2016/03/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-becomes-innovator-in-residence/ |title=Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Becomes Innovator in Residence, High Point University |last=Baker |first=Eli |date=March 7, 2016 |website=[[High Point University]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-172956871.html |title=Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Holds Micro Sessions with HPU Students |author=Marketwired |date=February 21, 2017 |website=[[Yahoo! Finance]] |accessdate=November 22, 2017}}</ref>
In March 2017, Wozniak was listed by UK-based company Richtopia at number 18 in the list of 200 Most Influential Philanthropists and Social Entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://richtopia.com/inspirational-people/top-200-philanthropists-social-entrepreneurs|title=Philanthropists & Social Entrepreneurs Top 200: From Elon Musk to Melinda Gates, These Are the Most Influential Do-Gooders in the World|work=Richtopia|accessdate=March 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.delfi.lt/eu/mep-guoga-is-included-in-list-of-top-200-philanthropists-in-the-world.d?id=74226700|title=Top 200 Philanthropists in the world|work=Delfi|accessdate=March 31, 2017}}</ref>
In 2018 Woz won the "Human of the Year Award" at The Human Project Summit. Woz nominated Ryan Wolfington from The Inspiring Children Foundation program to receive the award with him. Foundation Executive Director Trent Alenik and mentor program founder and youth leader Cherrial Odell accepted the award on behalf of Ryan Wolfington and the Foundation. Cherrial was also the keynote interview that inspired the crowd, including some of the worlds best CEO’s, entrepreneurs and thought leaders. It was an extraordinary honor, and a special way to highlight the work of the Inspiring Children Foundation, it’s founder and the children and leaders in the program. http://www.inspiringchildren.net/ryan-wolfington
===Honorary degrees===
For his contributions to technology, Wozniak has been awarded a number of Honorary Doctor of Engineering degrees, which include the following:
* University of Colorado at Boulder: 1989<ref>{{Cite web|title = CU breeds success: A look at famous alumni|url = http://cuindependent.com/2007/02/20/cu-breeds-success-a-look-at-famous-alumni/|website = CU Independent|access-date = February 11, 2016|last = CUIndependent}}</ref>
* North Carolina State University: 2004<ref name="NCSU" />
* Kettering University: 2005<ref>{{Cite web|title = Commencement Coverage|url = https://my.kettering.edu/news/commencement-coverage-0|website = Kettering University|access-date = February 11, 2016}}</ref>
* Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale: 2005<ref>{{cite web|title = NSU Commencement Programs |url = http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1146&context=nsudigital_commencement|website = |access-date = April 9, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral|ESPOL]] University in Ecuador: 2008<ref>{{cite web|title = Steve Wozniak Speaker Profile |url = https://www.speakersassociates.com/speaker/steve-wozniak|website = Speakers Associates |access-date = April 9, 2017}}</ref>
* Michigan State University, in East Lansing 2011<ref>{{Citation|title = MSU convocation speaker and honorary degree recipient Steve Wozniak, Spring 2011|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8YRMWAGBJw|date = May 9, 2011|accessdate = February 11, 2016|last = Michigan State University}}</ref>
* Concordia University in Montreal Canada: June 22, 2011<ref>{{Cite web|title = Honorary degree citation -Steve Wozniak|url = https://www.concordia.ca/offices/archives/honorary-degree-recipients/2011/06/steve-wozniak.html|website = www.concordia.ca|access-date = February 9, 2016}}</ref>
* State Engineering University of Armenia: November 11, 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hetq.am/eng/news/6409/steve-wozniak-awarded-honorary-doctoral-degree.html|title=Steve Wozniak Awarded Honorary Doctoral Degree - Hetq - News, Articles, Investigations|work=hetq.am|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref>
* Santa Clara University: June 16, 2012<ref>{{Cite web|title = June 2012 - 2012 - Press Releases - News & Events - Santa Clara University|url = https://www.scu.edu/news-and-events/press-releases/2012/june-2012/wozs-wisdom-to-the-santa-clara-university-class-of-2012.html|website = www.scu.edu|access-date = February 11, 2016|first = Santa Clara|last = University}}</ref>
* University Camilo José Cela in Madrid, Spain: November 8, 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucjc.edu/en/university/estructura-academica/honoris-causa/|title=Honorary Doctorates - Universidad Camilo José Cela|website=www.ucjc.edu|access-date=March 22, 2016}}</ref>
==Media==
Wozniak has been mentioned, represented or interviewed many times in media, including the following programs:
===Documentaries===
* ''[[Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine]]'' (2015)
* ''Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy''{{spaced ndash}} a 2009 documentary<ref>{{IMDb title|id=1227767|title=Camp Woz: The Admirable Lunacy of Philanthropy}}</ref>
* "Geeks On Board" a 2007 documentary<ref>{{IMDb title|id=1110255|title=Geeks On Board}}</ref>
* ''[[The Secret History of Hacking]]''{{spaced ndash}} a 2001 documentary film featuring Wozniak.
* ''[[Triumph of the Nerds]]''{{spaced ndash}} a 1996 PBS documentary series about the rise of the personal computer.
* ''Steve Wozniak's Formative Moment''{{spaced ndash}} a March 15, 2016, original short feature film from [[Reddit]] Formative Moment<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrhmepZlCWY|title=Steve Wozniak’s Formative Moment|first=|last=Reddit|date=March 15, 2016|publisher=|accessdate=February 27, 2017|via=YouTube}}</ref>
===Feature films===
* 1999: ''[[Pirates of Silicon Valley]]''{{spaced ndash}} a [[TNT (U.S. TV network)|TNT]] film directed by [[Martyn Burke]]. Wozniak is portrayed by [[Joey Slotnick]] while Jobs is played by [[Noah Wyle]].
* 2013: ''[[Jobs (film)|Jobs]]'' {{spaced ndash}} a film directed by [[Joshua Michael Stern]]. Wozniak is portrayed by [[Josh Gad]], while Jobs is portrayed by [[Ashton Kutcher]].
* 2015: ''[[Steve Jobs (film)|Steve Jobs]]'' {{spaced ndash}} a [[feature film]] by [[Danny Boyle]], with a screenplay written by [[Aaron Sorkin]]. Wozniak is portrayed by [[Seth Rogen]], while Jobs is portrayed by [[Michael Fassbender]].
* 2015: ''Steve Jobs vs. [[Bill Gates]]: The Competition to Control the Personal Computer, 1974–1999'': Original film from the [[National Geographic Channel]] for the ''American Genius'' series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://americangenius.nationalgeographic.com/episode/jobs-vs-gates/|title=American Genius|work=American Genius|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910170511/http://americangenius.nationalgeographic.com/episode/jobs-vs-gates|archivedate=September 10, 2015}}</ref>
=== Television ===
[[File:Start of the shoot (2399650563) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|left|Wozniak during filming of ''[[Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List]]'']]
After seeing her stand-up performance in [[Saratoga, California]], Wozniak began dating comedian [[Kathy Griffin]].<ref name="bestweek">{{cite web|last=Collins|first=Michelle|title=VH1 Best Week Ever — Off The Market: Kathy Griffin Finds a New Man!| url=http://www.bestweekever.tv/2007/08/17/off-the-market-kathy-griffin-finds-a-new-man/|accessdate=September 18, 2007|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070820012223/http://www.bestweekever.tv/2007/08/17/off-the-market-kathy-griffin-finds-a-new-man/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archivedate=August 20, 2007}}</ref> Together, they attended the [[59th Primetime Emmy Awards|2007 Emmy Awards]],<ref name="ceosmack">{{cite web|title=Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Escorted Comedian Kathy Griffin & Her Potty Mouth To The Emmy’s.|url=http://www.ceosmack.com/2007/09/18/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-escorted-comedian-kathy-griffin-her-potty-mouth-to-the-emmys/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217011722/http://www.ceosmack.com/2007/09/18/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-escorted-comedian-kathy-griffin-her-potty-mouth-to-the-emmys/|archivedate=December 17, 2007|accessdate=September 18, 2007}}()</ref> and subsequently made many appearances on the fourth season of her show ''[[Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List]]''. Wozniak is on the show as her date for the [[Producers Guild of America]] award show. However, on a June 19, 2008 appearance on ''[[The Howard Stern Show]]'', Griffin confirmed that they were no longer dating and decided to remain friends.<ref>[http://www.howardstern.com/rundown.hs?month=June&day=19&year=2008&x=45&y=9 Who’s so vain?] June 19, 2008 — The Howard Stern Show. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105225726/http://www.howardstern.com/rundown.hs?month=June&day=19&year=2008&x=45&y=9 |date=November 5, 2013}}</ref>
Wozniak portrays a parody of himself in the first episode of the television series ''[[Code Monkeys]]''; he plays the owner of Gameavision before selling it to help fund Apple. He later appears again in the twelfth episode when he is in [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]] at the annual Video Game Convention and sees Dave and Jerry. He also appears in a parody of the "Get a Mac" ads featured in the final episode of ''Code Monkeys'' second season. Wozniak is also interviewed and featured in the documentary ''[[Hackers Wanted]]'' and on BBC.
Wozniak competed on Season 8 of ''[[Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)|Dancing with the Stars]]'' in 2009<ref>[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/02/wozniak-dancing.html "Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak to compete on 'Dancing With the Stars'"] from ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved on February 8, 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/7741472.stm|title=Why Apple founders got 'fired up.'|accessdate=February 5, 2009|date=November 21, 2008| publisher=BBC News}}</ref> where he danced with [[Karina Smirnoff]]. Despite Wozniak and Smirnoff receiving 10 combined points from the three judges out of 30, the lowest score of the evening, he remained in the competition. He later posted on a [[social networking]] site that he felt that the vote count was not legitimate and suggested that the ''Dancing with the Stars'' judges had lied about the vote count to keep him on the show.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 17, 2009|last=Matyszczyk|first= Chris|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17852_3-10198341-71.html?tag=mncol;txt|title=Woz in ABC 'outright lie' accusation|publisher=CNET}}</ref> After being briefed on the method of judging and vote counting, he retracted and apologized for his statements.<ref>{{cite news|date=March 19, 2009|last= Fashingbauer Cooper|first=Gael|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29777570/|title=Wozniak sorry he called ‘Dancing’ show ‘fake’| publisher=MSNBC}}</ref> Despite suffering a pulled [[hamstring]] and a fracture in his foot, Wozniak continued to compete,<ref>[http://tvwatch.people.com/2009/03/23/injured-steve-wozniak-will-perform-on-mondays-dwts/ Injured Woz Will Perform] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325092416/http://tvwatch.people.com/2009/03/23/injured-steve-wozniak-will-perform-on-mondays-dwts/ |date=March 25, 2009 }} People.com, March 23, 2009.</ref> but was eliminated from the competition on March 31, with a score of 12 out of 30 for an [[Argentine Tango]].<ref>[http://kara.allthingsd.com/20090401/woz-gets-hipchecked-off-the-dance-floor-big-big-sigh Woz Gets Hipchecked Off the Dance Floor], by Kara Swisher, April 1, 2009, All Things Digital.</ref>
On September 30, 2010, he appeared as himself on ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'' season 4 episode "[[The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification]]". While dining in [[The Cheesecake Factory]] where Penny works, he is approached by Sheldon via [[telepresence]] on a Texai robot. Leonard tries to explain to Penny who Wozniak is, but she says she already knows him from ''Dancing with the Stars''.
On September 30, 2013, he appeared along with early Apple employees [[Daniel Kottke]] and [[Andy Hertzfeld]] on the television show ''[[John Wants Answers]]'' to discuss the movie ''[[Jobs (film)|Jobs]]''.
==Artificial superintelligence views==
In March 2015, Wozniak stated that while he had originally dismissed the writings of Ray Kurzweil who stated machine intelligence will outpace human intelligence within several decades, Wozniak had come to change his mind: "I agree that the future is scary and very bad for people. If we build these devices to take care of everything for us, eventually they'll think faster than us and they'll get rid of the slow humans to run companies more efficiently." Wozniak stated that he had started to feel a contradictory sense of foreboding about artificial intelligence, while still supporting the advance of technology.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holley|first1=Peter|title=Apple co-founder on artificial intelligence: 'The future is scary and very bad for people'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/03/24/apple-co-founder-on-artificial-intelligence-the-future-is-scary-and-very-bad-for-people/|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=Washington Post|date=March 24, 2015}}</ref>
By June 2015, Wozniak changed his mind, stating that a superintelligence takeover would be good for humans: "They're going to be smarter than us and if they're smarter than us then they'll realise they need us... We want to be the family pet and be taken care of all the time... I got this idea a few years ago and so I started feeding my dog filet steak and chicken every night because 'do unto others'".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gibbs|first1=Samuel|title=Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak says humans will be robots' pets|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jun/25/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-says-humans-will-be-robots-pets|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=The Guardian|date=June 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dowd|first1=Maureen|title=Elon Musk’s Billion-Dollar Crusade to Stop the A.I. Apocalypse|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/03/elon-musk-billion-dollar-crusade-to-stop-ai-space-x|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|date=April 2017|language=en}}</ref>
In 2016, Wozniak changed his mind again, stating that he no longer worried about the possibility of superintelligence emerging because he is skeptical that computers will be able to compete with human "intuition": "A computer could figure out a logical endpoint decision, but that’s not the way intelligence works in humans". Wozniak added that if computers do become superintelligent, "they're going to be partners of humans over all other species just forever".<ref>{{cite news|title=Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak dismisses AI concerns raised by Stephen Hawking and Nick Bostrom|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-wozniak-ai-2016-10|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=Business Insider|date=October 9, 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Stockton|first1=Nick|title=How Steve Wozniak Got Over His Fear of Robots Turning People Into Pets|url=https://www.wired.com/2017/04/steve-wozniak-silicon-valleys-nerdiest-legend/|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=WIRED|date=April 19, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Elon Musk says AI could doom human civilization. Zuckerberg disagrees. Who's right?|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2018/01/02/artificial-intelligence-end-world-overblown-fears/985813001/|accessdate=January 7, 2018|work=USA TODAY|date=January 2, 2018|language=en}}</ref>
==Personal life==
[[File:Kathy and Woz (2400485190) (cropped2).jpg|thumb|left|Wozniak and then-girlfriend [[Kathy Griffin]] in 2008]]
Wozniak lives in [[Los Gatos, California|Los Gatos]], [[California]]. He applied for Australian citizenship in 2012, and has stated that he would like to live in [[Melbourne, Australia]] in the future.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hopewell|first1=Luke|title=Steve Wozniak Is Becoming An Australian Citizen|url=http://www.gizmodo.com.au/2012/09/steve-wozniak-is-becoming-an-australian-citizen/|website=Gizmodo|accessdate=June 12, 2014|date=September 25, 2012}}</ref> Wozniak has been referred to frequently by the nickname "Woz", or "The Woz"; he has also been called "The Wonderful Wizard of Woz" and "The Second Steve" (in regard to his early business partner and longtime friend, [[Steve Jobs]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2011-03-steve-the-woz-wozniak-2011-isaac-asimov-science-awar|title=STEVE "THE WOZ" WOZNIAK: 2011 ISAAC ASIMOV SCIENCE AWARD|publisher=American Humanist Association|author=Sean Mulligan|accessdate=May 13, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913002604/http://www.americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2011-03-steve-the-woz-wozniak-2011-isaac-asimov-science-awar|archivedate=September 13, 2012}}</ref> "WoZ" (short for "[[Wheels of Zeus]]") is the name of a company Wozniak founded in 2002.
He is a [[Freemasonry|Freemason]], despite not having faith in a supreme being (which is required by Masonic rules except in "Liberal" or [[Continental Freemasonry]]). Wozniak describes his impetus for joining the Freemasons as being able to spend more time with his then-wife, Alice Robertson, who belonged to the [[Order of the Eastern Star]], associated with the Masons. Wozniak has said that he quickly rose to a third degree Freemason because, whatever he does, he tries to do well. He was initiated in 1979 at Charity Lodge No. 362 in [[Campbell, California]], now part of Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 292 in Los Gatos.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wozniak_s/wozniak_s.html |title=A Few Famous Masons |work= |publisher=Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon |accessdate=March 25, 2013}}</ref>
Wozniak was married to [[Canoe slalom|slalom canoe]] gold-medalist [[Candice Clark]] from June 1981 to 1987. They have three children together, the youngest being born after their divorce was finalized.<ref name=macobserver>{{cite web|url=http://www.macobserver.com/columns/thisweek/2004/20040613.shtml |title=This Week in Apple History – June 7–13: The Woz Marries, Switcher Campaign Starts, IE Ended |publisher=The Mac Observer |date= |accessdate=November 28, 2012}}</ref>
After a high-profile relationship with actress [[Kathy Griffin]], who described him on ''[[Tom Green's House Tonight]]'' in 2008 as "the biggest techno-nerd in the Universe", Wozniak married Janet Hill, his current spouse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2012/03/16/im-in-trouble-says-wozs-wife/|title=‘I’m in trouble’ says Woz’s wife|work=fortune.com|accessdate=February 27, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:Woz signs Modbook.jpg|thumb|Wozniak signs a [[Axiotron Modbook|Modbook]] at 2009 [[Macworld Expo]]]]
On his religious views, Wozniak called himself an "atheist or agnostic".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.woz.org/letters/general/72.html |title=Letters-General Questions Answered |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |date=2002 |website=Woz.org |accessdate=November 22, 2017 |location=Los Gatos, California |quote=I am also atheist or agnostic (I don't even know the difference). I've never been to church and prefer to think for myself. I do believe that religions stand for good things, and that if you make irrational sacrifices for a religion, then everyone can tell that your religion is important to you and can trust that your most important inner faiths are strong. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423142039/http://archive.woz.org/letters/general/72.html |archivedate=April 23, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Interview with Steve Wozniak|url=http://brianriley.us/interview_with_steve_wozniak.html|publisher=BrianRiley.us|accessdate=August 17, 2014|author=Brian Riley|location=Davis, California|year=2012|quote= I’m kind of spiritual inside. I have a lot of philosophies of how to be a good person, how to treat people, and I’ve worked them out, thinking over and over, reflecting inside my mind the way shy people do, and I was very shy, and coming up with my own little keys and rules for life, and they stayed with me…}}</ref>
He is a member of a [[Segway Polo]] team, the ''Silicon Valley Aftershocks''.
In 2006, he co-authored with [[Gina Smith (author)|Gina Smith]] his autobiography, ''[[iWoz]]''. The book made ''[[The New York Times Best Seller list]]''.<ref name=wozorg/>
Wozniak's favorite video game is ''[[Tetris]]'',<ref>[http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-9832348-52.html "Woz and I agree: 'Tetris' for the Gameboy is the best game ever], by Daniel Terdiman, December 11, 2007, Geek Gestalt on CNET News.</ref> and he had a high score for ''[[Sabotage (computer game)|Sabotage]]''.<ref name="softline198109">{{cite news | url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1981&pub=6&id=1 | title=High Scores | work=Softline | date=September 1981 | accessdate=July 13, 2014 | page=28}}</ref> In the 1990s he submitted so many high scores for Tetris to ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' that they would no longer print his scores, so he started sending them in under the alphabetically reversed name "Evets Kainzow".<ref name=woz.org>[http://www.woz.org/letters/evets-kainzow "Evets Kainzow"], by Steve Wozniak, Undated, Woz.org</ref>
Wozniak has the condition [[prosopagnosia]], or face-blindness.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-34188602 |title=Steve Wozniak: Shocked and amazed by Steve Jobs movie |last1=Kelion |first1=Leo |date=September 9, 2015 |website=[[bbc.co.uk]]|access-date=September 9, 2015}}</ref>
== See also ==
* {{Portal-inline|Steve Wozniak}}
* [[Apple IIGS]] (with limited edition case signed by Woz)
* [[Group coded recording]]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
{{Commons|Steve Wozniak}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.folklore.org/ProjectView.py?project=Macintosh&characters=Steve%20Wozniak Steve Wozniak] @ [[Andy Hertzfeld]]'s ''The Original Macintosh'' (folklore.org)
* {{IMDb name|0941967}}
===Photographs===
* Edwards, Jim (December 26, 2013). [http://www.businessinsider.com/pictures-of-apples-first-employees-2013-12 "These Pictures Of Apple's First Employees Are Absolutely Wonderful"], ''[[Business Insider]]''
* [http://www.cnet.com/uk/pictures/macintosh-creators-rekindle-the-twiggy-mac-pictures/22/ "Macintosh creators rekindle the 'Twiggy Mac'"]. [[CNET]]
* [http://www.twiggymac.com/twiggy-lives-at-the-computer-museum/ "Twiggy Lives! At the Computer Museum: Happiness is a good friend – Woz and Rod Holt"]. The Twiggy Mac Pages
{{Woz}}
{{Apple}}
{{Apple celeb}}
{{Original Macintosh Design Team}}
{{HP}}
{{Hopper winners}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wozniak, Steve}}
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