Changes
m
Corrected interpunction error
A '''press pass''' (alternatively referred to as a '''press card''' or a '''journalist pass''') grants some type of special privilege to [[journalist]]s. Some cards have recognized [[legal]] status; others merely indicate that the bearer is a practicing journalist. The nature of the benefits is determined by the type of issuing agency, of which there are three major categories: [[news organization]]s, [[police|law-enforcement agencies]], and event organizers (usually for a specific single affair like a corporate [[press conference]]). Each type of card grants different authorizations, thus it is often necessary or desirable for reporters to hold multiple press passes simultaneously.<ref name="Photos">{{cite web
|last = Gulker
|first = Christian H.
|title = untitled
|work =
|publisher = Gulker.com
|date =
|url = http://www.gulker.com/photos/2003/press_passes.png
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-05-07
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070329050354/http://www.gulker.com/photos/2003/press_passes.png
|archivedate = 2007-03-29
|df =
}}</ref>
==Law-enforcement cards==
[[Image:MRpresspass.jpg|thumb|right|A Denver press pass.]]
Police departments at a [[city]], [[county]], or [[State (country subdivision)|state/provincial]] level may issue press passes in some countries.<ref name="Photos"/> Such passes allow the bearer to cross police or fire lines to report [[breaking news]], or grant access to [[crime scene]]s or other restricted areas<ref name="SFPD">{{cite web
|title = Applying for A SFPD Press Pass
|work = SFPD Public Affairs Office
|publisher = City and County of San Francisco Police Department
|date =
|url = http://www.sfgov.org/site/police_index.asp?id=38072
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-01
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5e6wBnMQ6?url=http://www.sfgov.org/site/police_index.asp?id=38072
|archivedate = 26 January 2009
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref>– though admission may be denied if it would interfere with the duties of emergency personnel. Popular media of the mid-20th century often depicted reporters at a crime scene with their press passes tucked into their [[hat band]]s, which was unusual in reality.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CzwtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=or4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2437%2C1843017|title=Press card – ticket into harm's way|last=McDonnell|first=Pat J.|date=July 21, 1982|work=Evening Herald|page=4|accessdate=29 October 2012|location=Rock Hill}}</ref>
Because of the exceptional dispensation endowed by police press passes, they are issued with discretion–some jurisdictions require an in-person [[interview]] with all prospective applicants, complete set of fingerprints, and a background check.<ref name="Gothamist">{{cite web
|last = Dobkin
|first = Jake
|title = Help Gothamist Get a Press Pass
|work = SFPD Public Affairs Office
|publisher = City and County of San Francisco Police Department
|date = April 27, 2005
|url = http://www.gothamist.com/2005/04/27/from_the_publisher_help_gothamist_get_a_press_pass.php
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-02
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfRvqLv?url=http://gothamist.com/2005/04/27/from_the_publisher_help_gothamist_get_a_press_pass.php
|archivedate = 2009-09-21
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref> Generally, only [[reporter]]s who cover breaking news are eligible;<ref name="SFPD"/> other journalists ([[columnist|feature writers]], [[Editing|editor]]s and [[editorial]]ists, [[freelance writer]]s, and [[bloggers]]) are not.<ref name="Gothamist"/>
Police-issued passes do not grant access to government press conferences or any other such privileges: they are only recognized by emergency response personnel, and only valid within the jurisdiction of the issuing agencies.<ref name="SFPD"/>
===Parking permits===
Police [[parking]] permits, issued in some jurisdictions, exempt news vehicles from certain [[Parking violation|parking restrictions]] while on the job. They may be offered to any news-gathering organization that covers breaking news for use in company vehicles employed by full-time reporters, photographers, and camera operators. Often, these permits are only granted to journalists who already carry a police press card.
When conspicuously displayed, these permits may allow the bearer to park in restricted "[[Residential zoned parking|resident-only]]" parking zones, and may exempt him or her from [[Parking meter|parking-meter]] costs. These privileges apply only for the duration of breaking-news coverage, and do not nullify all parking restrictions: red zones, [[fire hydrant]]s, [[crosswalk]]s, [[Bus stop|bus zones]], [[Disabled parking permit|disabled parking]] zones or access ramps, commercial loading zones, [[taxi cab]] zones, "no stopping" or "no parking" zones, transit lanes, and other towaway zones are still off-limits.<ref name="SFPD"/>
==Event-specific==
[[Image:Wikinews creds- Press Pass to 2005 WTO.jpg|thumb|right|Press pass to the [[World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005|2005 WTO conference]] in Hong Kong]]
For [[tradeshow]]s, [[Festival|community gatherings]], sporting events, [[award show]]s, [[Academic conference|professional conferences]], or major events of any type, press passes are generally available. These are sometimes referred to as "press badges".<ref name="How">{{cite web
|last = Winer
|first = Dave
|title = How I got my press badge for CES
|work =
|publisher = flickr
|date = January 7, 2007
|url = https://www.flickr.com/photos/scriptingnews/349489873/in/set-72157594465762783/
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-02
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfSEDM9?url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/scriptingnews/349489873/in/set-72157594465762783/
|archivedate = 2009-09-21
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref> For many events publicity in [[Mass media|news media]] and elsewhere is of great importance, and granting privileges to the press can help in this. The privileges granted to holders of press badges, and who is eligible to receive them, depends on the nature of the affair.
Generally, prospective recipients must apply in advance, offering evidence of their affiliation. Event sponsors may request past [[publishing|published]] material, or a letter from the news agency on its letterhead, detailing the job assignment.<ref name="FAQ">{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Press/Analyst FAQs
| work = 2007 International CES
| publisher = International CES
| year = 2007
| url = http://www.cesweb.org/faqs/press.asp
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080108202908/http://www.cesweb.org/faqs/press.asp
| archivedate = 8 January 2008
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last= |first= |title=Media Invitation – Complimentary Press Pass |work=ISMB/ECCB 2007 |publisher=International Society for Computational Biology |year=2007 |url=http://www.iscb.org/ismb06/presspass.php |format= |doi= |accessdate=2007-05-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060702161640/http://www.iscb.org/ismb06/presspass.php |archivedate=July 2, 2006 |deadurl=unfit }}</ref> Generally, non-reporting employees of news agencies ([[Chairman|executives]], [[sales|sales personnel]], publishers, editors, etc.) are not eligible for press passes.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Press Registration Form
| work =
| publisher = SupplySideWest
| year = 2006
| url = http://www.supplysideshow.com/west/6a1presspass.pdf
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07}}</ref> In addition to journalists, some [[blogging|bloggers]] may be granted event passes.<ref name="How"/><ref>{{cite web
|last = Vargas
|first = Jose Antonio
|title = What Press Pass? At E3, a Convergence of Card-Carrying Bloggers
|work = The Washington Post
|pages = D01
|date = May 14, 2006
|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/13/AR2006051301289.html
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-02
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5e6wHux87?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/13/AR2006051301289.html
|archivedate = 26 January 2009
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref>
Many major events, especially [[trade show]]s, issue [[press kit]]s to pass-holders.<ref>{{cite web
|last = Olbermann
|first = Keith
|title = Press pass bypass
|work = Bloggermann
|publisher = [[MSNBC]]
|date = February 17, 2005
|url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6844293/
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-02
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfT4I93?url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6844293/
|archivedate = 2009-09-21
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref> A press pass may allow the bearer to request [[interview]]s with [[Very Important Person|noteworthy attendees]], and special rooms are sometimes set aside for this purpose.<ref name="FAQ"/><ref name="SFAQ">{{cite web
|last =
|first =
|title = Frequently Asked Questions
|work = United States Senate Daily Press Gallery
|publisher = United States Senate
|date =
|url = https://www.senate.gov/galleries/daily/FAQ2.HTM
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-05-07
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5e6wNvoVn?url=https://www.senate.gov/galleries/daily/FAQ2.HTM
|archivedate = 26 January 2009
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref>
===Open events===
[[File:Bryan1900press.JPG|thumb|1900 press pass to a [[William Jennings Bryan]] speech]]
For activities open to the public, such as community gatherings, [[school|school events]], or trade shows, a police- or media-issued press pass may offer little advantage. Free or reduced-price admission, or guaranteed entry, can sometimes be arranged.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Press Pass
| work =
| publisher = iHollywoodForum
| date =
| url = http://www.ihollywoodforum.com/press_pass.php
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152330/http://www.ihollywoodforum.com/press_pass.php
| archivedate=2011-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Media Invitation
| work = ISMD 2006
| publisher = International Society for Computational Biology
| date =
| url = http://www.iscb.org/ismb06/presspass.php
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060702161640/http://www.iscb.org/ismb06/presspass.php
| archivedate = 2006-07-02}}</ref> The benefits may be more extensive, granting access to front-row seats or to press-only rooms.<ref name="FAQ"/> For sporting events, a press pass issued by a [[stadium]] grants access to the [[press box]].<ref name="MSN">{{cite web
| last = Olbermann
| first = Kieth
| title = Bloggermann
| work =
| publisher = MSNBC
| date = February 20, 2005
| url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6844293/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07}}</ref> Because open events are usually funded by paying attendees, the number of press passes may depend on the number of [[ticket (admission)|tickets]] sold.<ref>{{cite web
|last =
|first =
|title = Press Pass Request
|work = Demo Fall '07
|publisher = Demo
|date =
|url = http://demo.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=100
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-05-07
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfiQU7i?url=http://demo.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=100
|archivedate = 2009-09-21
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref>
===Closed events===
For events closed to the general public, police- or news organization-issued press passes sometimes grant access, but almost all require advance application for admittance. Greater exclusivity, however, means more restrictions on potential pass recipients. For professional conferences or trade shows, passes may be granted only to journalists who regularly cover the industry or who hold a title of "[[industry analyst]]"<ref>{{cite web| last =| first =| title =Press Registration| work =| publisher =Cambridge Health Institution| date =| url =http://www.healthtech.com/press.ASP| format =| doi =| accessdate =2007-05-07| archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfn4LFL?url=http://www.healthtech.com/press.ASP| archivedate =2009-09-21| deadurl =yes| df =}}</ref>, or with an editorial or reporting designation.<ref>{{cite web| last =| first =| title =Press Pass Request Form| work =| publisher =Bike Information Association| date =| url =https://www.diahome.org/DIAHome/AboutDIA/Resources/Docs/DIAPressPassFinal.pdf| archive-url =http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081028233108/https://www.diahome.org/DIAHome/AboutDIA/Resources/Docs/DIAPressPassFinal.pdf| dead-url =yes| archive-date =2008-10-28| format =| doi =| accessdate =2007-05-07}}</ref>
==News agency cards==
[[Image:Wikinews press pass.png|thumb|left|Press card issued by [[Wikinews]].]]
"You do not need to ask permission from anyone to be a journalist," explains the Periodical Publishers Association; "however, it is sometimes useful to be able to identify yourself as a journalist when needed."<ref name="PPA">{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = PPA Press Cards
| work =
| publisher = Periodical Publishers Association
| date =
| url = http://www.ppa.co.uk/cgi-bin/wms.pl/488
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
| archiveurl =
https://web.archive.org/web/20070403105458/http://www.ppa.co.uk/cgi-bin/wms.pl/488 <!--Added by H3llBot-->
| archivedate =
2007-04-03}}</ref> To this end, journalistic agencies issue press cards to their reporters, editorialists, writers, and photographers. These do not have the legal merits of government-issued cards, and they will not replace event-specific passes; the card only serves as proof of its bearer's status as a legitimate newsperson according to the issuing organization. As such, card-carriers may be better able to obtain interviews, acquire information from law-enforcement, or gain access to exclusive venues.
In the United Kingdom, the UK Press Card Authority (a voluntary consortium of news agencies) issues a nationally standardized card to United Kingdom-based news gatherers.<ref>{{cite web| last =| first =| title =The UK Press Card Authority| work =| publisher =The UK Press Card Authority| date =| url =http://www.presscard.uk.com/| format =| doi =| accessdate =2007-05-07| archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/5jxg0As3A?url=http://www.ppa.co.uk/press-and-media/press-cards/about-press-cards/| archivedate =2009-09-21| deadurl =yes| df =}}</ref>
In most other European countries, cards are issued by national trade unions of journalists.<ref>{{cite web| last =| first =| title =How to get a national press card from 28 countries| work =| publisher =Press.Cards| date =| url =http://press.cards/index.php/blog/18-how-to-get-a-national-press-card-from-28-countries| format =| doi =| accessdate =2018-05-14| archiveurl =http://press.cards/index.php/blog/18-how-to-get-a-national-press-card-from-28-countries| archivedate =2018-05-14| deadurl =no| df =}}</ref> Some require membership or government approval.
For [[freelance journalist]]s, organizations like the [[National Writers Union]], [[Professional Publishers Association]] issue cards.
==Fake cards==
Genuine press cards can be obtained by people not entitled to them, counterfeit copies of real cards can be made, and plausible-looking cards can be issued by anybody, or made. The reasons and consequences range from the trivial (free drinks) to the catastrophic (access by terrorists<ref name=cioj/> to rulers).
;Spurious cards
Press passes not issued by a recognised publication can be obtained or made, with the intention of gaining benefits offered to holders of legitimate press cards. Joan Stewart of the [[Public Relations Society of America]] reports, “Fake press passes abound at [[restaurant]] and [[theater]] openings, [[sporting events]], [[concert|music festivals]], [[political rally|political rallies]], celebrity parties and even crime scenes. With a decent [[computer]] and color [[Computer printer|printer]], almost anybody can crank out an official-looking pass within minutes.”<ref>
{{cite news|last = Stewart| first = Joan| title = Guard the shrimp bowl!: How to spot fake press passes| work = PR Tactics
| language = | publisher = Public Relations Society of America| date = April 26, 2006| url = http://www.prsa.org/Intelligence/Tactics/Articles/view/262/101/Guard_the_shrimp_bowl_How_to_spot_fake_press_passe| accessdate = 2012-06-18}}</ref>
;Counterfeit cards
Counterfeit copies of cards issued by legitimate publications can be made. Issuers of cards have taken measures to prevent [[counterfeit]]ing of their cards, creating cards with [[Holographic#Mass replication|holographic foil]] blocking, [[signature]] strips, and tamper-resistant [[laminate|lamination]].<ref name=cioj>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Press Cards
| work =
| publisher = The Chartered Institute of Journalists
| year = 2006
| url = http://cioj.co.uk/press-cards/
| doi =
| accessdate = 2012-06-18 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070227013049/http://www.cioj.co.uk/press_cards.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-02-27}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.ccijp.net/ The French Press card committee's website], ccijp.net
*[http://www.ukpresscardauthority.co.uk/ UK Press Card Authority], ukpresscardauthority.co.uk
{{good article}}
[[Category:Journalism]]
[[Category:Business documents]]
|last = Gulker
|first = Christian H.
|title = untitled
|work =
|publisher = Gulker.com
|date =
|url = http://www.gulker.com/photos/2003/press_passes.png
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-05-07
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070329050354/http://www.gulker.com/photos/2003/press_passes.png
|archivedate = 2007-03-29
|df =
}}</ref>
==Law-enforcement cards==
[[Image:MRpresspass.jpg|thumb|right|A Denver press pass.]]
Police departments at a [[city]], [[county]], or [[State (country subdivision)|state/provincial]] level may issue press passes in some countries.<ref name="Photos"/> Such passes allow the bearer to cross police or fire lines to report [[breaking news]], or grant access to [[crime scene]]s or other restricted areas<ref name="SFPD">{{cite web
|title = Applying for A SFPD Press Pass
|work = SFPD Public Affairs Office
|publisher = City and County of San Francisco Police Department
|date =
|url = http://www.sfgov.org/site/police_index.asp?id=38072
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-01
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5e6wBnMQ6?url=http://www.sfgov.org/site/police_index.asp?id=38072
|archivedate = 26 January 2009
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref>– though admission may be denied if it would interfere with the duties of emergency personnel. Popular media of the mid-20th century often depicted reporters at a crime scene with their press passes tucked into their [[hat band]]s, which was unusual in reality.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CzwtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=or4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2437%2C1843017|title=Press card – ticket into harm's way|last=McDonnell|first=Pat J.|date=July 21, 1982|work=Evening Herald|page=4|accessdate=29 October 2012|location=Rock Hill}}</ref>
Because of the exceptional dispensation endowed by police press passes, they are issued with discretion–some jurisdictions require an in-person [[interview]] with all prospective applicants, complete set of fingerprints, and a background check.<ref name="Gothamist">{{cite web
|last = Dobkin
|first = Jake
|title = Help Gothamist Get a Press Pass
|work = SFPD Public Affairs Office
|publisher = City and County of San Francisco Police Department
|date = April 27, 2005
|url = http://www.gothamist.com/2005/04/27/from_the_publisher_help_gothamist_get_a_press_pass.php
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-02
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfRvqLv?url=http://gothamist.com/2005/04/27/from_the_publisher_help_gothamist_get_a_press_pass.php
|archivedate = 2009-09-21
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref> Generally, only [[reporter]]s who cover breaking news are eligible;<ref name="SFPD"/> other journalists ([[columnist|feature writers]], [[Editing|editor]]s and [[editorial]]ists, [[freelance writer]]s, and [[bloggers]]) are not.<ref name="Gothamist"/>
Police-issued passes do not grant access to government press conferences or any other such privileges: they are only recognized by emergency response personnel, and only valid within the jurisdiction of the issuing agencies.<ref name="SFPD"/>
===Parking permits===
Police [[parking]] permits, issued in some jurisdictions, exempt news vehicles from certain [[Parking violation|parking restrictions]] while on the job. They may be offered to any news-gathering organization that covers breaking news for use in company vehicles employed by full-time reporters, photographers, and camera operators. Often, these permits are only granted to journalists who already carry a police press card.
When conspicuously displayed, these permits may allow the bearer to park in restricted "[[Residential zoned parking|resident-only]]" parking zones, and may exempt him or her from [[Parking meter|parking-meter]] costs. These privileges apply only for the duration of breaking-news coverage, and do not nullify all parking restrictions: red zones, [[fire hydrant]]s, [[crosswalk]]s, [[Bus stop|bus zones]], [[Disabled parking permit|disabled parking]] zones or access ramps, commercial loading zones, [[taxi cab]] zones, "no stopping" or "no parking" zones, transit lanes, and other towaway zones are still off-limits.<ref name="SFPD"/>
==Event-specific==
[[Image:Wikinews creds- Press Pass to 2005 WTO.jpg|thumb|right|Press pass to the [[World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005|2005 WTO conference]] in Hong Kong]]
For [[tradeshow]]s, [[Festival|community gatherings]], sporting events, [[award show]]s, [[Academic conference|professional conferences]], or major events of any type, press passes are generally available. These are sometimes referred to as "press badges".<ref name="How">{{cite web
|last = Winer
|first = Dave
|title = How I got my press badge for CES
|work =
|publisher = flickr
|date = January 7, 2007
|url = https://www.flickr.com/photos/scriptingnews/349489873/in/set-72157594465762783/
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-02
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfSEDM9?url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/scriptingnews/349489873/in/set-72157594465762783/
|archivedate = 2009-09-21
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref> For many events publicity in [[Mass media|news media]] and elsewhere is of great importance, and granting privileges to the press can help in this. The privileges granted to holders of press badges, and who is eligible to receive them, depends on the nature of the affair.
Generally, prospective recipients must apply in advance, offering evidence of their affiliation. Event sponsors may request past [[publishing|published]] material, or a letter from the news agency on its letterhead, detailing the job assignment.<ref name="FAQ">{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Press/Analyst FAQs
| work = 2007 International CES
| publisher = International CES
| year = 2007
| url = http://www.cesweb.org/faqs/press.asp
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080108202908/http://www.cesweb.org/faqs/press.asp
| archivedate = 8 January 2008
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last= |first= |title=Media Invitation – Complimentary Press Pass |work=ISMB/ECCB 2007 |publisher=International Society for Computational Biology |year=2007 |url=http://www.iscb.org/ismb06/presspass.php |format= |doi= |accessdate=2007-05-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060702161640/http://www.iscb.org/ismb06/presspass.php |archivedate=July 2, 2006 |deadurl=unfit }}</ref> Generally, non-reporting employees of news agencies ([[Chairman|executives]], [[sales|sales personnel]], publishers, editors, etc.) are not eligible for press passes.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Press Registration Form
| work =
| publisher = SupplySideWest
| year = 2006
| url = http://www.supplysideshow.com/west/6a1presspass.pdf
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07}}</ref> In addition to journalists, some [[blogging|bloggers]] may be granted event passes.<ref name="How"/><ref>{{cite web
|last = Vargas
|first = Jose Antonio
|title = What Press Pass? At E3, a Convergence of Card-Carrying Bloggers
|work = The Washington Post
|pages = D01
|date = May 14, 2006
|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/13/AR2006051301289.html
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-02
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5e6wHux87?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/13/AR2006051301289.html
|archivedate = 26 January 2009
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref>
Many major events, especially [[trade show]]s, issue [[press kit]]s to pass-holders.<ref>{{cite web
|last = Olbermann
|first = Keith
|title = Press pass bypass
|work = Bloggermann
|publisher = [[MSNBC]]
|date = February 17, 2005
|url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6844293/
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-04-02
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfT4I93?url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6844293/
|archivedate = 2009-09-21
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref> A press pass may allow the bearer to request [[interview]]s with [[Very Important Person|noteworthy attendees]], and special rooms are sometimes set aside for this purpose.<ref name="FAQ"/><ref name="SFAQ">{{cite web
|last =
|first =
|title = Frequently Asked Questions
|work = United States Senate Daily Press Gallery
|publisher = United States Senate
|date =
|url = https://www.senate.gov/galleries/daily/FAQ2.HTM
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-05-07
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5e6wNvoVn?url=https://www.senate.gov/galleries/daily/FAQ2.HTM
|archivedate = 26 January 2009
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref>
===Open events===
[[File:Bryan1900press.JPG|thumb|1900 press pass to a [[William Jennings Bryan]] speech]]
For activities open to the public, such as community gatherings, [[school|school events]], or trade shows, a police- or media-issued press pass may offer little advantage. Free or reduced-price admission, or guaranteed entry, can sometimes be arranged.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Press Pass
| work =
| publisher = iHollywoodForum
| date =
| url = http://www.ihollywoodforum.com/press_pass.php
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722152330/http://www.ihollywoodforum.com/press_pass.php
| archivedate=2011-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Media Invitation
| work = ISMD 2006
| publisher = International Society for Computational Biology
| date =
| url = http://www.iscb.org/ismb06/presspass.php
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060702161640/http://www.iscb.org/ismb06/presspass.php
| archivedate = 2006-07-02}}</ref> The benefits may be more extensive, granting access to front-row seats or to press-only rooms.<ref name="FAQ"/> For sporting events, a press pass issued by a [[stadium]] grants access to the [[press box]].<ref name="MSN">{{cite web
| last = Olbermann
| first = Kieth
| title = Bloggermann
| work =
| publisher = MSNBC
| date = February 20, 2005
| url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6844293/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07}}</ref> Because open events are usually funded by paying attendees, the number of press passes may depend on the number of [[ticket (admission)|tickets]] sold.<ref>{{cite web
|last =
|first =
|title = Press Pass Request
|work = Demo Fall '07
|publisher = Demo
|date =
|url = http://demo.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=100
|format =
|doi =
|accessdate = 2007-05-07
|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfiQU7i?url=http://demo.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=100
|archivedate = 2009-09-21
|deadurl = yes
|df =
}}</ref>
===Closed events===
For events closed to the general public, police- or news organization-issued press passes sometimes grant access, but almost all require advance application for admittance. Greater exclusivity, however, means more restrictions on potential pass recipients. For professional conferences or trade shows, passes may be granted only to journalists who regularly cover the industry or who hold a title of "[[industry analyst]]"<ref>{{cite web| last =| first =| title =Press Registration| work =| publisher =Cambridge Health Institution| date =| url =http://www.healthtech.com/press.ASP| format =| doi =| accessdate =2007-05-07| archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/5jxfn4LFL?url=http://www.healthtech.com/press.ASP| archivedate =2009-09-21| deadurl =yes| df =}}</ref>, or with an editorial or reporting designation.<ref>{{cite web| last =| first =| title =Press Pass Request Form| work =| publisher =Bike Information Association| date =| url =https://www.diahome.org/DIAHome/AboutDIA/Resources/Docs/DIAPressPassFinal.pdf| archive-url =http://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20081028233108/https://www.diahome.org/DIAHome/AboutDIA/Resources/Docs/DIAPressPassFinal.pdf| dead-url =yes| archive-date =2008-10-28| format =| doi =| accessdate =2007-05-07}}</ref>
==News agency cards==
[[Image:Wikinews press pass.png|thumb|left|Press card issued by [[Wikinews]].]]
"You do not need to ask permission from anyone to be a journalist," explains the Periodical Publishers Association; "however, it is sometimes useful to be able to identify yourself as a journalist when needed."<ref name="PPA">{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = PPA Press Cards
| work =
| publisher = Periodical Publishers Association
| date =
| url = http://www.ppa.co.uk/cgi-bin/wms.pl/488
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-05-07
| archiveurl =
https://web.archive.org/web/20070403105458/http://www.ppa.co.uk/cgi-bin/wms.pl/488 <!--Added by H3llBot-->
| archivedate =
2007-04-03}}</ref> To this end, journalistic agencies issue press cards to their reporters, editorialists, writers, and photographers. These do not have the legal merits of government-issued cards, and they will not replace event-specific passes; the card only serves as proof of its bearer's status as a legitimate newsperson according to the issuing organization. As such, card-carriers may be better able to obtain interviews, acquire information from law-enforcement, or gain access to exclusive venues.
In the United Kingdom, the UK Press Card Authority (a voluntary consortium of news agencies) issues a nationally standardized card to United Kingdom-based news gatherers.<ref>{{cite web| last =| first =| title =The UK Press Card Authority| work =| publisher =The UK Press Card Authority| date =| url =http://www.presscard.uk.com/| format =| doi =| accessdate =2007-05-07| archiveurl =https://www.webcitation.org/5jxg0As3A?url=http://www.ppa.co.uk/press-and-media/press-cards/about-press-cards/| archivedate =2009-09-21| deadurl =yes| df =}}</ref>
In most other European countries, cards are issued by national trade unions of journalists.<ref>{{cite web| last =| first =| title =How to get a national press card from 28 countries| work =| publisher =Press.Cards| date =| url =http://press.cards/index.php/blog/18-how-to-get-a-national-press-card-from-28-countries| format =| doi =| accessdate =2018-05-14| archiveurl =http://press.cards/index.php/blog/18-how-to-get-a-national-press-card-from-28-countries| archivedate =2018-05-14| deadurl =no| df =}}</ref> Some require membership or government approval.
For [[freelance journalist]]s, organizations like the [[National Writers Union]], [[Professional Publishers Association]] issue cards.
==Fake cards==
Genuine press cards can be obtained by people not entitled to them, counterfeit copies of real cards can be made, and plausible-looking cards can be issued by anybody, or made. The reasons and consequences range from the trivial (free drinks) to the catastrophic (access by terrorists<ref name=cioj/> to rulers).
;Spurious cards
Press passes not issued by a recognised publication can be obtained or made, with the intention of gaining benefits offered to holders of legitimate press cards. Joan Stewart of the [[Public Relations Society of America]] reports, “Fake press passes abound at [[restaurant]] and [[theater]] openings, [[sporting events]], [[concert|music festivals]], [[political rally|political rallies]], celebrity parties and even crime scenes. With a decent [[computer]] and color [[Computer printer|printer]], almost anybody can crank out an official-looking pass within minutes.”<ref>
{{cite news|last = Stewart| first = Joan| title = Guard the shrimp bowl!: How to spot fake press passes| work = PR Tactics
| language = | publisher = Public Relations Society of America| date = April 26, 2006| url = http://www.prsa.org/Intelligence/Tactics/Articles/view/262/101/Guard_the_shrimp_bowl_How_to_spot_fake_press_passe| accessdate = 2012-06-18}}</ref>
;Counterfeit cards
Counterfeit copies of cards issued by legitimate publications can be made. Issuers of cards have taken measures to prevent [[counterfeit]]ing of their cards, creating cards with [[Holographic#Mass replication|holographic foil]] blocking, [[signature]] strips, and tamper-resistant [[laminate|lamination]].<ref name=cioj>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| title = Press Cards
| work =
| publisher = The Chartered Institute of Journalists
| year = 2006
| url = http://cioj.co.uk/press-cards/
| doi =
| accessdate = 2012-06-18 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070227013049/http://www.cioj.co.uk/press_cards.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-02-27}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.ccijp.net/ The French Press card committee's website], ccijp.net
*[http://www.ukpresscardauthority.co.uk/ UK Press Card Authority], ukpresscardauthority.co.uk
{{good article}}
[[Category:Journalism]]
[[Category:Business documents]]
