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{{Other uses|Dartmouth (disambiguation){{!}}Dartmouth}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Dartmouth College
| image = Dartmouth College shield.svg
| image_upright = 0.8
| latin_name = Collegium Dartmuthense
| motto = {{lang-la|Vox clamantis in deserto}}
| mottoeng = A voice crying out in the wilderness<ref name="at a glance">{{cite web|url=https://dartmouth.edu/dartmouth-glance |title=Dartmouth at a Glance|publisher=Dartmouth College |accessdate=November 28, 2015}}</ref>
| type = [[Private university|Private]] [[Doctoral university|research]] [[university]]
| established = {{start date|1769|12|13}}<ref name=bioEarl>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8r3mgJPY4twC&lpg=PA104&pg=PA108&q=Earl%20of%20Dartmouth%20de%20lega Sketches of the alumni of Dartmouth college], Page 108, The New Hampshire Repository, Volumes 1-2, William Cogswell, Publisher:Alfred Prescott, 1846</ref>
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist| [[University of the Arctic]]| [[Matariki Network of Universities]]| [[568 Group]]| [[National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities|NAICU]]| [[University Press of New England|UPNE]]}}
| endowment = [[US$]]5.5 billion<ref>As of September 14, 2018. {{cite web |url=http://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2018/09/endowment-hits-all-time-high |title=Endowment Hits All-Time High of $5.5 Billion |publisher=Dartmouth News |year=2018}}</ref> (2018)
| president = [[Philip J. Hanlon]]
| provost = Joseph Helble<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2018/10/joseph-helble-dartmouth-running-and-becoming-provost |title=Joseph Helble on Dartmouth, Running, and Becoming Provost |publisher=The Dartmouth |year=2018}}</ref>
| academic_staff = 750 total (Spring 2017)<br>594 full-time<br>156 part-time<ref name=Enrollment>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/cds_2016-2017.pdf |title=Dartmouth Factbook – Enrollment |publisher=Dartmouth Office of Institutional Research |access-date=May 9, 2017}}</ref>
| students = 6,409 (Spring 2017)<ref name=Enrollment/>
| undergrad = 4,310 (Spring 2017)<ref name=Enrollment/>
| postgrad = 2,099 (Spring 2017)<ref name=Enrollment/>
| city = [[Hanover, New Hampshire|Hanover]]
| state = [[New Hampshire]]
| country = United States
| coordinates = {{Coord|43|42|12|N|72|17|18|W|type:edu_region:US-NH|display=inline,title}}
| campus = [[Rural area|Rural]], [[college town]]; total {{convert|31869|acre|km2}}
| free_label = Academic term
| free = [[Academic quarter (year division)|Quarter]]
| colors = [[Dartmouth green]]<ref>{{cite manual |title=Dartmouth Visual Identity Guidelines |url=http://communications.dartmouth.edu/sites/communications.dartmouth.edu/files/dartmouth_guidelines_web_final.pdf |date=January 27, 2018 |accessdate=February 5, 2018}}</ref> {{color box|#00693E}}
| athletics_nickname = [[Dartmouth Big Green|Big Green]]
| sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Division I]] – [[Ivy League]], [[ECAC Hockey]]
| website = {{url|dartmouth.edu}}
| logo = Dartmouth College logo.svg
| logo_size = 250
}}
'''Dartmouth College''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɑr|t|m|ə|θ}} {{respell|DART|məth}}) is a [[Private university|private]] [[Ivy League]] [[Doctoral university|research university]] in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], United States. Established in 1769 by [[Eleazar Wheelock]], it is the [[List of Colonial Colleges|ninth-oldest institution]] of [[higher education]] in the United States and one of the nine [[colonial colleges]] chartered before the [[American Revolution]].<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/> Although founded as a school to educate [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] in Christian theology and the [[Culture of England|English way of life]], Dartmouth primarily trained [[Congregationalism in the United States|Congregationalist]] ministers throughout its early history. The university gradually secularized, and by the turn of the 20th century rose from relative obscurity into national prominence as one of the top centers of higher education.<ref name="history-lesson"/><ref name="About Dartmouth – History"/><ref name="Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College"/><ref name="trd-wheelock"/><ref name="Booz Allen Hamilton Lists the World's Most Enduring Institutions"/><ref name="britannica">{{cite web|title=Dartmouth College|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dartmouth-College|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=November 18, 2014|quote="Dartmouth is regarded as one of the most innovative liberal arts colleges in the United States. The school concentrates primarily on undergraduate education with small classes, numerous seminars, and close student-teacher contact, but Dartmouth is also well known for the quality of its professional schools ..."}}</ref><ref name="encyclopedia">{{cite web |title=Dartmouth College|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/education/colleges-us/dartmouth-college |publisher=Encyclopedia.com|quote="Building on the strong foundations and rich traditions laid down by the Wheelocks, Nathan Lord and his successors embarked on a broad program of expansion that, before the end of the century, gave Dartmouth a greatly increased endowment, additional buildings, an observatory, and a strong faculty. It was not until the twentieth century that Dartmouth experienced its greatest growth. After the 1890s, the number of students increased tenfold, stabilizing at about three thousand by the mid-1900s. Endowment, faculty, and the physical plant increased accordingly. A center for the arts, facilities for graduate work in a number of fields, and an extensive research library were added."}}</ref>
Following a [[Liberal arts education|liberal arts]] curriculum, the university provides undergraduate instruction in 40 academic departments and [[Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] programs including 57 [[Academic major|majors]] in the [[humanities]], [[social sciences]], [[natural science]]s, and [[engineering]], and enables students to design specialized concentrations or engage in [[Double degree|dual degree]] programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dartmouth.edu/education/departments-programs-arts-sciences |title=Departments & Programs—Arts & Sciences|publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Dartmouth comprises five constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the [[Geisel School of Medicine]], the [[Thayer School of Engineering]], the [[Tuck School of Business]], and the [[Dartmouth School of Graduate and Advanced Studies|Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies]].<ref name="usnwr-aag" /> The university also has affiliations with the [[Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center]], the [[Nelson A. Rockefeller#Memorials to Nelson A. Rockefeller|Rockefeller Institute for Public Policy]], and the [[Hopkins Center for the Arts]]. With a student enrollment of about 6,400, Dartmouth is the smallest university in the [[Ivy League]]. Undergraduate admissions is highly competitive, with an acceptance rate of 8.7% for the Class of 2022.<ref name="dartmouth6">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2018/03/college-admits-record-low-percent-to-the-class-of-2022|title=Dartmouth College admits record low percent to class of 2022|last=|first=|date=|website=The Dartmouth|access-date=}}</ref>
Situated on a hill above the [[Connecticut River]], Dartmouth's 269-acre [[Campus of Dartmouth College|main campus]] is in the rural [[Connecticut River|Upper Valley]] region of [[New England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dartmouth.edu/life-community/explore-green |title=Explore the Green|publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref> The university functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dartmouth.edu/education/undergraduate-experience/flexible-study-plan|title=A Flexible Study Plan|publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Dartmouth is known for its undergraduate focus, strong [[Dartmouth College Greek organizations|Greek culture]], and wide array of enduring [[Dartmouth College traditions|campus traditions]].<ref name="abc-greek" /><ref name="A Frat Party Is:; a) Milk and Cookies; b) Beer Pong" /><ref name="Hill Winds, Granite Brains, and Other Dartmouth Traditions" /> Its 34 varsity sports teams compete intercollegiately in the [[Ivy League]] conference of the [[NCAA Division I]].
Dartmouth is consistently included among the highest-ranked universities in the United States by several institutional rankings,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-2573 |title=Dartmouth College |website=US News & World Report |publisher=US News & World Report |access-date=September 12, 2017}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2017-09-05/2018-best-colleges-preview-top-10-best-value-schools|title=Top 10 Best Value Schools|newspaper=US News & World Report|access-date=September 5, 2017}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/colleges/dartmouth-college/|title=Dartmouth College|newspaper=Forbes|access-date=November 25, 2016}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/dartmouth-college#ranking-dataset/589595 |title=Dartmouth College|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en-US|access-date=November 25, 2016}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.niche.com/colleges/dartmouth-college/|title=Dartmouth College|website=Niche|language=en-US|access-date=June 15, 2017}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.princetonreview.com/schools/1023117/college/dartmouth-college|title=Dartmouth College|website=Princeton Review|language=en-US|access-date=June 19, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Top 25 Private Colleges In The U.S. 2017|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickfederle/2017/08/02/top-25-private-colleges-in-the-u-s-2017/#61574ce362d3|website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=August 2, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Dartmouth College Ranks in the Top 20 Nationwide in 2017 Analysis |url=http://www.collegefactual.com/colleges/dartmouth-college/news/top-college-2017-best-colleges/ |website=collegefactual.com |publisher=College Factual|accessdate=March 12, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=10 Expensive Colleges Worth Every Penny 2017|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nataliesportelli/2017/04/26/10-expensive-colleges-worth-every-penny-2017/#45acb9195f6a|website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=April 26, 2016}}
* {{cite web|title=The 28 Schools That Mint The Most Billionaire Alumni|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2016/07/06/the-28-schools-that-mint-the-most-billionaire-alumni/#6b54c3b3d601|website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=July 6, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=These 20 Colleges Produce The Most Millionaire Alumni |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nickmorrison/2016/08/18/these-colleges-produce-the-most-millionaire-alumni/#9c0ae9172928 |website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=August 18, 2016}}
* {{cite web|title=2017 Grateful Grads Index: Top 200 Best-Loved Colleges|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/schifrin/2017/08/02/2017-grateful-grads-index-top-200-best-loved-colleges/#71eaf202128e|website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=August 2, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Dartmouth Tops the Ivy League in Nature’s 2017 Innovation Index |url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2017/08/dartmouth-tops-ivy-league-natures-2017-innovation-index |website=news.dartmouth.com |publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=August 9, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Top Colleges Doing the Most for the American Dream|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/25/sunday-review/opinion-pell-table.html|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=May 25, 2017}}</ref> and has been cited as a leading university for undergraduate teaching and research by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Best Universities For Undergraduate Teaching|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/19/best-universities-teaching-us-news-2013_n_4629232.html |website=huffingtonpost.com|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=January 19, 2014}}"Dartmouth College is the best university for undergraduate teaching ... still. For the fifth year in a row, Dartmouth was named No. 1 in U.S. News & World Report's ranking of universities that offer the best undergraduate teaching."</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://naspa.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00091383.1981.9936972?journalCode=vchn20 |title = A New Study of Excellence in Undergraduate Education |journal = Change: the Magazine of Higher Learning |volume = 13 |issue = 6 |pages = 22 | publisher = Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning | date = July 9, 2010 |doi = 10.1080/00091383.1981.9936972 |last1 = Solmon |first1 = Lewis C |last2 = Astin |first2 = Alexander W }}; "As shown by its high placement in annual ''U.S. News & World Report'' rankings, Dartmouth's commitment to undergraduate education is top-notch, the college offering unique academic and research opportunities for students during their course of study while achieving the highest levels of distinction in the discovery and transmission of knowledge and understanding. Besides [[Princeton University|Princeton]], Dartmouth truly lays claim to being America's preeminent undergraduate institution and the world's first "research college."</ref> In 2018, the [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education]] listed Dartmouth as the only "majority-undergraduate," "arts-and-sciences focused," "doctoral university" in the country that has "some graduate coexistence" and "very high research activity."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=182670|title=The Carnegie Foundation Classification of Institutions of Higher Learning, Dartmouth College |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu|access-date=February 1, 2016}}</ref> In a ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' corporate study, Dartmouth graduates were shown to be among the most sought-after and valued in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/10/25/world/asia/25iht-sreducemerging25-graphic.html|title=Global Companies Rank Universities |website=www.nytimes.com|access-date=November 25, 2012}}</ref>
The university has produced many prominent [[List of Dartmouth College alumni|alumni]], including 170 members of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]],<ref name="Dartmouth Alumni Congress Members">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2016/04/dartmouth-alumni-seek-national-state-political-offices |title=Dartmouth alumni seek national, state political offices|publisher=The Dartmouth|accessdate=April 14, 2016}}</ref> 24 [[Governor (United States)|U.S. governors]], 10 [[List of universities by number of billionaire alumni|billionaire alumni]],<ref name="Dartmouth Billionaire Grads">{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/16/luxury/top-colleges-with-billionaire-undergraduates/|title=Top 20 colleges with most billionaire alumni|publisher=CNN|accessdate=September 17, 2014}}</ref> 10 [[Cabinet of the United States|U.S. Cabinet secretaries]], 3 [[Nobel Prize]] laureates, 2 [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] justices, and a [[Vice President of the United States|U.S. vice president]]. Other notable alumni include 79 [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]],<ref name="Dartmouth Rhodes Scholars">{{cite web|url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2016/11/sarah-waltcher-16-named-rhodes-scholar |title=Sarah Waltcher '16 Named Rhodes Scholar|publisher=Dartmouth Now|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}</ref> 26 [[Marshall Scholarship]] recipients,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics |title=Statistics |publisher=Marshallscholarship.org |date= |accessdate=December 7, 2017}}</ref> 13 [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners, and numerous [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Genius]] fellows,<ref name="Dartmouth MacArthur Genius Fellowships">{{cite web |url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2015/09/heidi-williams-03-named-macarthur-genius|title=Heidi Williams '03 Named MacArthur 'Genius' <!--relevant section title: Previous Dartmouth MacArthur Fellows-->|publisher=Dartmouth Now|accessdate=January 15, 2016 |deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115135916/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2015/09/heidi-williams-03-named-macarthur-genius|archivedate=January 15, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright Scholars]],<ref name="Dartmouth Fulbright Scholars">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2017/04/fifteen-students-named-fulbright-scholars|title=Fifteen students named Fulbright scholars|publisher=The Dartmouth|accessdate=May 10, 2017}}</ref> CEOs and founders of [[Fortune 500]] corporations, high-ranking U.S. diplomats, scholars in academia, literary and media figures, professional athletes, and [[Lists of Olympic medalists|Olympic medalists]].
== History ==
{{See also|List of presidents of Dartmouth College}}
[[File:Eleazar Wheelock.jpg|thumb|left|[[Eleazar Wheelock]], Dartmouth College founder]]
Dartmouth was founded by [[Eleazar Wheelock]], a [[Congregational church|Congregational]] minister from [[Columbia, Connecticut]], who had sought to establish a school to train [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] as Christian missionaries. Wheelock's ostensible inspiration for such an establishment resulted from his relationship with [[Mohegan]] Indian [[Samson Occom]]. Occom became an ordained minister after studying under Wheelock from 1743 to 1747, and later moved to [[Long Island]] to preach to the [[Montaukett|Montauks]].<ref name="history-lesson"/>
Wheelock founded [[Moor's Charity School|Moor's Indian Charity School]] in 1755.<ref name="Eleazar Wheelock's Two Schools"/> The Charity School proved somewhat successful, but additional funding was necessary to continue school's operations, and Wheelock sought the help of friends to raise money. The first major donation to the school was given by Dr. [[John Phillips (educator)|John Phillips]] in 1762, who would go on to found [[Phillips Exeter Academy]]. Occom, accompanied by the Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, traveled to England in 1766 to raise money from churches. With these funds, they established a trust to help Wheelock.<ref name="history-lesson"/> The head of the trust was a [[Methodist]] named [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth]].
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-10-02 03 - Charter.jpg|thumb|upright|The Charter of Dartmouth College on display in [[Baker Memorial Library]]. The charter was signed on December 13, 1769, on behalf of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III of Great Britain]].]]
Although the fund provided Wheelock ample financial support for the Charity School, Wheelock initially had trouble recruiting Indians to the institution, primarily because its location was far from tribal territories. In seeking to expand the school into a college, Wheelock relocated it to Hanover, in the [[Province of New Hampshire]]. The move from Connecticut followed a lengthy and sometimes frustrating effort to find resources and secure a charter. The Royal Governor of New Hampshire, [[Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet|John Wentworth]], provided the land upon which Dartmouth would be built and on December 13, 1769, issued a [[royal charter]] in the name of [[King George III]] establishing the College. That charter created a college "for the education and instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land in reading, writing & all parts of Learning which shall appear necessary and expedient for civilizing & christianizing Children of Pagans as well as in all liberal Arts and Sciences and also of English Youth and any others." The reference to educating Native American youth was included to connect Dartmouth to the Charity School and enable use of the Charity School's unspent trust funds. Named for [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth]]—an important supporter of Eleazar Wheelock's earlier efforts but who, in fact, opposed creation of the College and never donated to it—Dartmouth is the nation's ninth oldest college and the last institution of higher learning established under Colonial rule.<ref name="About Dartmouth – History"/> The College granted its first degrees in 1771.<ref name="Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College"/>
Given the limited success of the Charity School, however, Wheelock intended his new college as one primarily for whites.<ref name="history-lesson"/><ref name="chi"/> Occom, disappointed with Wheelock's departure from the school's original goal of Indian [[Christianization]], went on to form his own community of New England Indians called [[Brothertown Indians]] in New York.<ref name="history-lesson"/><ref name="chi"/>
[[File:Early Dartmouth Dunham.jpg|thumb|left|The earliest known image of Dartmouth appeared in the February 1793 issue of ''Massachusetts Magazine''. The engraving may also be the first visual proof of [[cricket]] being played in the United States.<ref name="CricketRauner"/>]]
In 1819, Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic [[Dartmouth College v. Woodward|Dartmouth College case]], which challenged [[New Hampshire]]'s 1816 attempt to amend the college' charter to make the school a public university. An institution called [[Dartmouth University]] occupied the college buildings and began operating in Hanover in 1817, though the college continued teaching classes in rented rooms nearby.<ref name="history-lesson"/> [[Daniel Webster]], an [[alumnus]] of the class of 1801, presented the College's case to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]], which found the amendment of Dartmouth's charter to be an [[Contract Clause|illegal impairment of a contract]] by the state and reversed New Hampshire's takeover of the college. Webster concluded his [[peroration]] with the famous words: "It is, Sir, as I have said, a small college. And yet there are those who love it."<ref name="history-lesson"/>
In 1866, the [[New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts]] was incorporated in Hanover, in connection with Dartmouth College. The institution was officially associated with Dartmouth and was directed by Dartmouth's president. The new college was moved to [[Durham, New Hampshire]], in 1891, and later became known as the [[University of New Hampshire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unh.edu/main/brief-history |title=University Chronology | University of New Hampshire Library |publisher=Unh.edu |accessdate=December 7, 2017}}</ref>
Dartmouth emerged onto the national academic stage at the turn of the 20th century. Prior to this period, the college had clung to traditional methods of instruction and was relatively poorly funded.<ref name="trd-wheelock"/> Under President [[William Jewett Tucker]] (1893–1909), Dartmouth underwent a major revitalization of facilities, faculty, and the student body, following large endowments such as the $10,000 given by Dartmouth alumnus and law professor [[John Ordronaux (doctor)|John Ordronaux]].<ref name="Many Bequests to Carity; Will of Dr. Ordronaux D ..."/> 20 new structures replaced antiquated buildings, while the student body and faculty both expanded threefold. Tucker is often credited for having "refounded Dartmouth" and bringing it into national prestige.<ref name="William Jewett Tucker"/> [[File:Dartmouth Hall.jpg|thumb|Lithograph of the President's House, Thornton Hall, Dartmouth Hall, and Wentworth Hall]]Presidents [[Ernest Fox Nichols]] (1909–16) and [[Ernest Martin Hopkins]] (1916–45) continued Tucker's trend of modernization, further improving campus facilities and introducing [[College admissions in the United States|selective admissions]] in the 1920s.<ref name="trd-wheelock"/> In 1945, Hopkins was subject to no small amount of controversy, as he openly admitted to Dartmouth's practice of using [[racial quota]]s to deny Jews entry into the university.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/49948394/?terms=dartmouth+jewish+quota|title=17 Aug 1945, Page 6 - The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle at Newspapers.com|work=Newspapers.com|access-date=2018-05-28|language=en}}</ref><ref>[[iarchive:crucialdecadeame006464mbp|Eric F. Goldman, ''The Crucial Decade: America, 1945-1955'',]] (New York: Knopf, 1956), p. 42: "... and Dartmouth's president, Ernest Hopkins, blandly explained that of course his college admitted only a quota of Jews."</ref> [[John Sloan Dickey]], serving as president from 1945 until 1970, strongly emphasized the liberal arts, particularly [[public policy]] and [[international relations]].<ref name="trd-wheelock"/><ref name="John Sloan Dickey"/> During [[World War II]], Dartmouth was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the [[V-12 Navy College Training Program]] which offered students a path to a navy commission.<ref name="navyarchives-v-12" />
In 1970, longtime professor of [[mathematics]] and [[computer science]] [[John George Kemeny]] became president of Dartmouth.<ref name="kemeny-bio"/> Kemeny oversaw several major changes at the college. Dartmouth, which had been a men's institution, began admitting women as full-time students and undergraduate degree candidates in 1972 amid much controversy.<ref name="When did Dartmouth become co-educational?"/> At about the same time, the college adopted its "[[#The Dartmouth Plan|Dartmouth Plan]]" of academic scheduling, permitting the student body to increase in size within the existing facilities.<ref name="kemeny-bio"/> In 1988, Dartmouth's alma mater song's lyrics changed from "Men of Dartmouth" to "Dear old Dartmouth".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/25/nyregion/rutgers-updates-its-anthem-to-include-women.html | work=The New York Times |first=Ariel | last=Kaminer | title=Rutgers Updates Its Anthem to Include Women | date=September 24, 2013}}</ref>
During the 1990s, the college saw a major academic overhaul under President [[James O. Freedman]] and a controversial (and ultimately unsuccessful) 1999 initiative to encourage the school's single-sex Greek houses to go coed.<ref name="trd-wheelock"/><ref name="James O. Freedman"/> The first decade of the 21st century saw the commencement of the $1.3 billion Campaign for the Dartmouth Experience, the largest capital fundraising campaign in the college's history, which surpassed $1 billion in 2008.<ref name="thedartmouth"/><ref name="thedartmouth1"/> The mid- and late first decade of the 21st century have also seen extensive campus construction, with the erection of two new housing complexes, full renovation of two dormitories, and a forthcoming dining hall, life sciences center, and visual arts center.<ref name="Current Capital Projects"/> In 2004, [[Booz Allen Hamilton]] selected Dartmouth College as a model of institutional endurance "whose record of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations, both academic and commercial," citing ''[[Dartmouth College v. Woodward|Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward]]'' and Dartmouth's successful self-reinvention in the late 19th century.<ref name="Booz Allen Hamilton Lists the World's Most Enduring Institutions"/>
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-09-25 07 - Collis Center.JPG|thumb|left|College seal at the Collis Center]]
Since the election of a number of petition-nominated trustees to the [[Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College|Board of Trustees]] starting in 2004, the role of alumni in Dartmouth governance has been the subject of ongoing conflict.<ref name="Battle for Board leaves boardroom"/> President [[James Wright (historian)|James Wright]] announced his retirement in February 2008<ref name="President Wright to step down in June 2009"/> and was replaced by Harvard University professor and physician [[Jim Yong Kim]] on July 1, 2009.<ref name="Dr. Jim Yong Kim appointed 17th President of Dartmouth College"/>
In May 2010 Dartmouth joined the [[Matariki Network of Universities]] (MNU) together with [[Durham University]] (UK), [[Queen's University]] (Canada), [[University of Otago]] (New Zealand), [[University of Tübingen]] (Germany), [[University of Western Australia]] (Australia) and [[Uppsala University]] (Sweden).<ref name="Members of the Matariki Network of Universities"/>
Dartmouth's close association and involvement in the development of the [[downhill skiing]] industry is featured in the 2010 book ''[[Passion for Skiing]]'' as well as the 2013 documentary based on the book ''[[Passion for Snow]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skiinghistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/2013-Awards-Brochure-searchable.pdf |title=2013 IHSA Awards brochure |format=PDF |accessdate=September 22, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928225042/http://www.skiinghistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/2013-Awards-Brochure-searchable.pdf |archivedate=September 28, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref>
== Academics ==
[[File:Baker Memorial Library, Dartmouth College - DSC09058.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Baker Memorial Library]]
Dartmouth, a [[liberal arts]] institution, offers a four-year [[Bachelor of Arts]] and ABET-accredited [[Bachelor of Engineering]] degree to undergraduate students.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/><ref name="About Dartmouth"/> The college has 39 academic departments offering 56 [[Academic major|major programs]], while students are free to design special majors or engage in dual majors.<ref name="Undergraduate Majors"/> For the graduating class of 2017, the most popular majors were economics, government, computer science, engineering sciences, and history.<ref name="classof2017notes">{{cite web|last1=Blumberg|first1=Joseph|title=Commencement Notes for the Dartmouth Class of 2017|url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2017/06/commencement-notes-dartmouth-class-2017 |website=Dartmouth News|accessdate=December 12, 2017|date=June 9, 2017}}</ref> The Government Department, whose prominent professors include [[Stephen Brooks (academic)|Stephen Brooks]], [[Richard Ned Lebow]], and [[William Wohlforth]], was ranked the top solely undergraduate political science program in the world by researchers at the [[London School of Economics]] in 2003.<ref name="politicalstudies"/> The Economics Department, whose prominent professors include [[David Blanchflower]] and [[Andrew Samwick]], also holds the distinction as the top-ranked bachelor's-only economics program in the world.<ref name="Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics"/>
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-10-20 09.JPG|thumb|left|upright|A view of East Campus from Baker Tower]]
In order to graduate, a student must complete 35 total courses, eight to ten of which are typically part of a chosen major program.<ref name="requirements" /> Other requirements for graduation include the completion of ten "distributive requirements" in a variety of academic fields, proficiency in a foreign language, and completion of a writing class and first-year seminar in writing.<ref name="requirements" /> Many departments offer honors programs requiring students seeking that distinction to engage in "independent, sustained work," culminating in the production of a [[thesis]].<ref name="requirements" /> In addition to the courses offered in Hanover, Dartmouth offers 57 different off-campus programs, including Foreign Study Programs, Language Study Abroad programs, and Exchange Programs.<ref name="Programs List All" /><ref name="Types of Programs" />
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Tuck School of Business.JPG|thumb|right|upright=1.2|[[Tuck School of Business]]]]
Through the Graduate Studies program, Dartmouth grants doctorate and master's degrees in 19 Arts & Sciences graduate programs. Although the first graduate degree, a PhD in classics, was awarded in 1885, many of the current PhD programs have only existed since the 1960s.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts" /> Furthermore, Dartmouth is home to three professional schools: the [[Geisel School of Medicine]] (established 1797), [[Thayer School of Engineering]] (1867)—which also serves as the undergraduate department of engineering sciences—and [[Tuck School of Business]] (1900). With these professional schools and graduate programs, conventional American usage would accord Dartmouth the label of "Dartmouth University";<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts" /> however, because of historical and nostalgic reasons (such as ''[[Dartmouth College v. Woodward]]''), the school uses the name "Dartmouth College" to refer to the entire institution.<ref name="history-lesson" />
Dartmouth employs a total of 607 tenured or tenure-track faculty members, including the highest proportion of female tenured professors among the Ivy League universities.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts" /> Faculty members have been at the forefront of such major academic developments as the [[Dartmouth Workshop]], the [[Dartmouth Time Sharing System]], [[Dartmouth BASIC]], and [[Dartmouth ALGOL 30]]. In 2005, sponsored project awards to Dartmouth faculty research amounted to $169 million.<ref name="Academics & Research" />
Dartmouth serves as the host institution of the [[University Press of New England]], a [[university press]] founded in 1970 that is supported by a consortium of schools that also includes [[Brandeis University]], the [[University of New Hampshire]], [[Northeastern University]], [[Tufts University]] and the [[University of Vermont]].<ref name="About UPNE" />
=== Rankings ===
{{Infobox US university ranking
| ARWU_W = 201–300
| ARWU_N = 71–99
| Forbes = 9
| QS_W = 183
| THES_W = 82
| USNWR_NU = 12
| USNWR_W = 225
| Wamo_NU = 29
}}
{|class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" |
<big>USNWR graduate school rankings</big><ref name="USNWR Grad School Rankings">{{cite web|title=Dartmouth College – U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings|publisher=''U.S. News & World Report''|accessdate=June 4, 2017|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/dartmouth-college-182670/overall-rankings}}</ref>
|-
| Business
| 8
|-
| Engineering
| 52
|-
| Medicine: Primary Care
| 27
|-
| Medicine: Research
| 35
|}
{|class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" |
<big>USNWR departmental rankings</big><ref name="USNWR Grad School Rankings"/>
|-
| Biological Sciences
| 38
|-
| Chemistry
| 71
|-
| Computer Science
| 40
|-
| Earth Sciences
| 60
|-
| Mathematics
| 52
|-
| Physics
| 70
|-
| Psychology
| 53
|}
Dartmouth was ranked 11th among undergraduate programs at national universities by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' in its 2018 rankings. Dartmouth's strength in undergraduate education is highlighted by ''U.S. News'' when in 2009 through 2013 it ranked Dartmouth first in undergraduate teaching at national universities. It was ranked 2nd in this area in the 2018 rankings. The institution also ranked 5th in High School Counselor Rankings in 2018. The college ranks 7th in ''The Wall Street Journal''{{'}}s ranking of top feeder schools.<ref name="WSJ Ranking the Colleges" />
The 2017 [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] ranked Dartmouth among the 71-99th best universities in the nation, alongside institution such as [[Georgetown University]] and [[University of Notre Dame]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings-2017/USA.html|title=World University Rankings – 2017 {{!}} USA Universities in Top 500 universities {{!}} Academic Ranking of World Universities |date=2017 |website=www.shanghairanking.com|access-date=2018-01-05}}</ref> AWRU ranks Dartmouth among the 76–100 best schools in the world for Business Administration and 101–150 for Management and Psychology.
In ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} 2016 rankings of colleges, Dartmouth ranked 17th overall in the combined liberal arts college and national universities ranking and 2nd in "grateful graduates", with a financial grade of A+.<ref>{{cite web|title = America's Top Colleges |url=https://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/ |accessdate=July 6, 2016}}</ref>
The 2006 [[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching|Carnegie Foundation]] classification listed Dartmouth as the only "majority-undergraduate", "arts-and-sciences focus[ed]", "research university" in the country that also had "some graduate coexistence" and "very high research activity."<ref name="carnegiefoundation" /><ref name="The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education" /><ref name="Classifications: Dartmouth College" />
For its graduate programs, ''U.S. News'' ranks Dartmouth's MBA program 9th overall and 6th for management. Among its other highly ranked graduate offerings, the school is ranked 40th in computer science, 29th in medicine for primary care, and 37th in medicine for research. Its global ranking places is at 242nd.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dartmouth College {{!}} Overall Rankings {{!}} Best College {{!}} US News |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-182670/overall-rankings |website=colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com |accessdate=June 26, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626133555/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-182670/overall-rankings |archivedate=June 26, 2015}}</ref>
=== Admissions ===
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"
|+ Enrolled fall freshman statistics
|-
! !! 2018<ref name="dartmouth6"/> !! 2017<ref name="dartmouth6"/> !! 2016<ref name="dartmouth.edu">{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/cds_2016_2017.pdf |title= Data set |website=www.dartmouth.edu}}</ref> !! 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/cds_2015_2016.pdf |title= Data set |website=www.dartmouth.edu}}</ref> !! 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/cds_2014_2015.pdf |title= Data set |website=www.dartmouth.edu}}</ref>
|-
| '''Applicants'''
| 22,033 || 20,034 || 20,675 || 20,507 || 19,296
|-
| '''Admits'''
| 1,925 || 2,092 || 2,190 || 2,250 || 2,220
|-
| '''Admit rate'''
| 8.7% || 10.4% || 10.6% || 11.0% || 11.5%
|-
| '''Enrolled'''
| N/A || 1,215 || 1,121 || 1,116 || 1,152
|-
| '''SAT range'''
| N/A || 2050-2350 || 2030–2350 || 2000–2340 || 2050–2340
|-
| '''ACT range'''
| N/A || 30-34 || 30–34 || 30–34 || 30–34
|}
Undergraduate admission to Dartmouth College is characterized by the [[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching|Carnegie Foundation]] and ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' as "most selective."<ref name="Dartmouth U.S. News & World Report Summary">{{cite web|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-2573 |title=Dartmouth College |publisher=U.S. News & World Report |accessdate=September 13, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917133820/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-2573 |archivedate=September 17, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education: Four-year, full-time, most selective, lower transfer-in (2015) {{!}} Carnegie Classification |url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/srp.php?clq=%7B%22ugprfile2005_ids%22%3A%2214%22%7D}}</ref> The ''[[Princeton Review]]'', in its 2018 edition, gave the university an admissions selectivity rating of 98 out of 99.<ref name="Princeton Review Admissions Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonreview.com/schools/1023117/college/dartmouth-college|title=Dartmouth College|publisher=The Princeton Review|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 McNutt Hall 01.JPG|thumb|left|McNutt Hall, home to the Dartmouth Office of Undergraduate Admissions]]
For the freshman class entering Fall 2018, Dartmouth received 22,033 applications of which 1,925 were accepted for an 8.7% admissions rate. Of those admitted students who reported class rank, a record 46.3% were valedictorian or salutatorian, with 97% ranking in the top decile of their class. The admitted students' academic profile showed an all-time high SAT average score of 1497, while the average composite ACT score remained at 33. More than 51% identified as being students of color, 15% are among the first generation in their families to matriculate to college, 11% are international students, and 9% are legacies.<ref name="dartmouth6"/>
Additionally, for the 2016–2017 academic year, Dartmouth received 685 transfer applications of which 5.1% were accepted, with an average SAT composite score of 1490, average composite ACT score of 34, and average college GPA of about 3.85.<ref name="dartmouth.edu"/> Dartmouth meets 100% of students' demonstrated financial need in order to attend the College, and currently admits all students, with the exception of internationals, on a [[Need-blind admission|need-blind basis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thedartmouth.com/2015/09/18/college-ends-need-blind-admission-for-international-students/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=September 28, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929223025/https://thedartmouth.com/2015/09/18/college-ends-need-blind-admission-for-international-students/ |archivedate=September 29, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref>
=== Financial aid ===
Dartmouth guarantees to meet 100% of the demonstrated need of every admitted student who applies for financial aid at the time of admission. Dartmouth practices need-blind admissions for all applicants who are U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and undocumented students in the U.S. These applicants are admitted to the college without regard to their financial circumstances. For international students, financial need is taken into consideration as one of many factors at the time of admission. At Dartmouth, free tuition is provided for students from families with total incomes of $100,000 or less and possessing typical assets. In 2015, $88.8 million in need-based scholarships were awarded to Dartmouth students.
=== The Dartmouth Plan ===
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-11-06 Baker Memorial Library 08 - Tower Room.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1|Tower Room in [[Baker Memorial Library]]]]
Dartmouth functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week [[academic term]]s. The Dartmouth Plan (or simply "D-Plan") is an academic scheduling system that permits the customization of each student's academic year. All undergraduates are required to be in residence for the fall, winter, and spring terms of their freshman and senior years, as well as the summer term of their sophomore year.<ref name="d-plan-admin"/> However, students may petition to alter this plan so that they may be off during their freshman, senior, or sophomore summer terms.<ref name="Petition for Change">{{cite web|title=Petition for Change in Enrollment Pattern |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~reg/docs/change_in_enrollment_pattern.pdf |publisher=Dartmouth |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> During all terms, students are permitted to choose between studying on-campus, studying at an off-campus program, or taking a term off for vacation, outside internships, or research projects.<ref name="d-plan-admin"/> The typical course load is three classes per term, and students will generally enroll in classes for 12 total terms over the course of their academic career.<ref name="Working Rules and Procedures"/>
The D-Plan was instituted in the early 1970s at the same time that Dartmouth began accepting female undergraduates. It was initially devised as a plan to increase the enrollment without enlarging campus accommodations, and has been described as "a way to put 4,000 students into 3,000 beds."<ref name="trd-wheelock"/> Although new dormitories have been built since, the number of students has also increased and the D-Plan remains in effect. It was modified in the 1980s in an attempt to reduce the problems of lack of social and academic continuity.
=== Board of Trustees ===
[[File:Dartmouth Hall, Dartmouth College - general view.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|Dartmouth Hall was reconstructed in 1906.]]
{{Main|Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College}}
Dartmouth is governed by a Board of Trustees comprising the college president (''ex officio''), the [[governor of New Hampshire|state governor]] (''ex officio''), 13 trustees nominated and elected by the board (called "charter trustees"), and eight trustees nominated by alumni and elected by the board ("alumni trustees").<ref name="Dartmouth Trustees vote to expand size of board"/> The nominees for alumni trustee are determined by a poll of the members of the Association of Alumni of Dartmouth College, selecting from among names put forward by the Alumni Council or by alumni petition.
Although the board elected its members from the two sources of nominees in equal proportions between 1891 and 2007,<ref name="Board of trustees vote to change how Dartmouth College is run"/> the board decided in 2007 to add several new members, all charter trustees.<ref name="Board adds 8 seats, ends century-old parity"/> In the controversy that followed the decision, the Association of Alumni filed a lawsuit, although it later withdrew the action.<ref name="Divided Association of Alumni sues College"/><ref name="thedartmouth2"/> In 2008, the Board added five new charter trustees.<ref name="Dartmouth College's Board of Trustees Elects Five Alumni as New Trustees"/>
== Campus ==
{{Main|List of Dartmouth College buildings}}
{{quote box | width=30% | align=right | quote=This is what a college is supposed to look like.|source= —U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], 1953<ref name="Remarks at the Dartmouth College Commencement Ceremony in Hanover, New Hampshire"/> }}
[[File:Dartmouth College 1885 American Architect.png|thumb|Drawing of Wilson Hall, Dartmouth's first library building, by the architect Samuel J. F. Thayer (1842–1893) which appeared in ''American Architect and Building News'' in March 1885]]
Dartmouth College is situated in the rural town of [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], located in the [[Upper Valley (Connecticut River)|Upper Valley]] along the [[Connecticut River]] in [[New England]]. Its {{convert|269|acre|km2|adj=on}} campus is centered on a {{convert|5|acre|adj=on|0}} "[[The Green (Dartmouth College)|Green]]",<ref name="The Campus"/> a former field of [[pine|pine trees]] cleared in 1771.<ref name="dartmo-green"/> Dartmouth is the largest private landowner of the town of Hanover,<ref name="Open Space Priorities Plan Summary"/> and its total landholdings and facilities are worth an estimated $434 million.<ref name="irs"/> In addition to its campus in Hanover, Dartmouth owns {{convert|4500|acre|km2}} of [[Mount Moosilauke]] in the [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountains]]<ref name="dartmouth3"/> and a {{convert|27000|acre|km2|adj=on}} tract of land in northern New Hampshire known as the [[Second College Grant, New Hampshire|Second College Grant]].<ref name="Second College Grant"/>
[[File:Elm Tree between Fahey Hall and Russell Sage building at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH June 2011.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|American elm on Dartmouth College campus, June 2011]]
Dartmouth's campus buildings vary in age from Wentworth and Thornton Halls of the 1820s (the oldest surviving buildings constructed by the college) to new dormitories and mathematics facilities completed in 2006.<ref name="Kemeny Hall and Haldeman Center"/><ref name="McLaughlin Cluster Residence Halls"/> Most of Dartmouth's buildings are designed in the [[Georgian architecture#Colonial Georgian architecture|Georgian colonial architecture]] style,<ref name="CIC Historic Campus Architecture Project"/><ref name="Atkin Olshin Lawson-Bell Architects"/><ref name="A History of American Higher Education"/> a theme which has been preserved in recent architectural additions.<ref name="Dartmouth Landscape Design Guidelines"/> The College has actively sought to reduce carbon emissions and energy usage on campus, earning it the grade of A- from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card 2008.<ref name="Dartmouth Sustainability Initiative"/><ref name="College Sustainability Report Card 2008"/>
A notable feature of the Dartmouth campus is its many trees which (despite [[Dutch elm disease]]) include some 200 [[Ulmus americana|American elms]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Old Growth – Dartmouth's elms endure as defining features of the campus |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dartlife/archives/17-3/elms.html| website=Dartmouth College website, Dartmouth Life Home |accessdate=December 26, 2014| date=June 2007| quote=The College's claim on the landscape began with the felling of the great white pines that grew on the plain above the Connecticut River; planting came later. By the middle of the 19th century, villages and towns throughout New England—and eventually across the nation—were shading their streets with the American elm, Ulmus americana. A circa 1840 watercolor image of the College depicts graceful young elms edging the Green. "If you look at pictures of old Hanover," says John Gratiot, associate vice president for Facilities Operations and Management, "Main Street and College Street were completely lined with elms, like a green tunnel."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=50 Trees in 50 Minutes |url=http://sites.dartmouth.edu/gradforum/2014/10/01/50-trees-in-50-minutes/| website=Dartmouth College website, The Graduate Forum |accessdate=December 26, 2014| date=October 1, 2014| deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104202313/http://sites.dartmouth.edu/gradforum/2014/10/01/50-trees-in-50-minutes/ |archivedate=January 4, 2015| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
=== Academic facilities ===
[[File:Hopkins Center for the Arts, Dartmouth College.jpg|upright|thumb|The [[Hopkins Center for the Arts|Hopkins Center]]]]
The college's creative and performing arts facility is the [[Hopkins Center for the Arts]] ("the Hop"). Opened in 1962, the Hop houses the College's drama, music, film, and studio arts departments, as well as a woodshop, pottery studio, and jewelry studio which are open for use by students and faculty.<ref name="hop-info"/> The building was designed by the famed architect [[Wallace Harrison]], who would later design the similar-looking façade of [[Manhattan]]'s [[Metropolitan Opera|Metropolitan Opera House]] at [[Lincoln Center]].<ref name="The Hopkins Center Turns 40"/> Its facilities include two theaters and one 900-seat auditorium.<ref name="hop-info"/> The Hop is also the location of all student mailboxes ("Hinman boxes")<ref name="Undergraduate Student Mail"/> and the Courtyard Café dining facility.<ref name="Dining Locations: Courtyard Café"/> The Hop is connected to the [[Hood Museum of Art]], arguably North America's oldest museum in continuous operation,<ref name="Dartmouth College: Services and Facilities"/> and the Loew Auditorium, where films are screened.<ref name="The Arts"/>
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Sherman Fairchild Physical Sciences Center.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1.1|Sherman Fairchild Physical Sciences Center]]
In addition to its 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences, Dartmouth is home to three separate graduate schools. The [[Geisel School of Medicine]] is located in a complex on the north side of campus<ref name="Maps and Directions"/> and includes laboratories, classrooms, offices, and a biomedical library.<ref name="d-maps"/> The [[Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center]], located several miles to the south in [[Lebanon, New Hampshire]], contains a 396-bed [[teaching hospital]] for the Medical School.<ref name="About Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center"/> The [[Thayer School of Engineering]] and the [[Tuck School of Business]] are both located at the end of Tuck Mall, west of the center of campus and near the Connecticut River.<ref name="d-maps"/> The Thayer School comprises two buildings;<ref name="d-maps"/> Tuck has seven academic and administrative buildings, as well as several common areas.<ref name="tuck-campus"/> The two graduate schools share a library, the Feldberg Business & Engineering Library.<ref name="tuck-campus"/>
Dartmouth's nine libraries are all part of the collective Dartmouth College Library, which comprises 2.48 million volumes and 6 million total resources, including videos, maps, sound recordings, and photographs.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/><ref name="Library Holdings"/> Its specialized libraries include the Biomedical Libraries, Evans Map Room, Feldberg Business & Engineering Library, Jones Media Center, Kresge Physical Sciences Library, Paddock Music Library, Rauner Special Collections Library, and Sherman Art Library. Baker-Berry Library is the main library at Dartmouth, consisting of a merger of the [[Baker Memorial Library]] (opened 1928) and the Berry Library (completed 2002).<ref name="Berry Library"/> Located on the northern side of the Green, Baker's {{convert|200|ft|m|adj=on}} tower is an iconic symbol of the College.<ref name="Baker Library Bell Tower"/><ref name="No Bridge Left Unburned: Rage at Dartmouth"/><ref name="nhspe"/>
=== Athletic facilities ===
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Memorial Field 02.JPG|thumb|[[Memorial Field (Dartmouth College)|Memorial Field]]]]
Dartmouth's original sports field was [[The Green (Dartmouth College)|the Green]], where students played [[cricket]] and [[old division football]] during the 19th century.<ref name="dartmo-green"/> Today, two of Dartmouth's athletic facilities are located in the southeast corner of campus.<ref name="dcaf"/> The center of athletic life is the [[Alumni Gymnasium (Dartmouth College)|Alumni Gymnasium]], which includes the Karl Michael Competition Pool and the Spaulding Pool, a state of the art fitness center, a weight room, and a 1/13th-mile (123 m) indoor track.<ref name="Alumni Gym"/> Attached to Alumni Gymnasium is the Berry Sports Center, which contains basketball and volleyball courts ([[Leede Arena]]), as well as the Kresge Fitness Center.<ref name="Berry Sports Center"/> Behind the Alumni Gymnasium is [[Memorial Field (Dartmouth)|Memorial Field]], a 15,600-seat stadium overlooking Dartmouth's football field and track.<ref name="Memorial Field"/> The nearby [[Thompson Arena]], designed by Italian engineer [[Pier Luigi Nervi]] and constructed in 1975, houses Dartmouth's ice rink.<ref name="Thompson Arena"/> Also visible from Memorial Field is the {{convert|91800|sqft|m2|adj=on}} Nathaniel Leverone Fieldhouse, home to the indoor track. The new softball field, Dartmouth Softball Park, was constructed in 2012, sharing parking facilities with Thompson arena and replacing Sachem Field, located over a mile from campus, as the primary softball facility.
Dartmouth's other athletic facilities in Hanover include the Friends of Dartmouth Rowing Boathouse and the old rowing house storage facility (both located along the Connecticut River), the [[Hanover Country Club]], Dartmouth's oldest remaining athletic facility (established in 1899),<ref name="History"/> and the Corey Ford Rugby Clubhouse.<ref name="Rugby Fires It Up With New Clubhouse"/> The college also maintains the [[Dartmouth Skiway]], a {{convert|100|acre|km2|adj=on}} skiing facility located over two mountains near the Hanover campus in [[Lyme Center, New Hampshire]],<ref name="Dartmouth Skiway"/> that serves as the winter practice grounds for the Dartmouth ski team, which is a perennial contender for the NCAA Division I championship.
=== Residential housing and student life facilities ===
Beginning in the fall term of 2016, Dartmouth placed all undergraduate students in one of six House communities, similar to [[residential college]]s, including Allen House, East Wheelock House, North Park House, School House, South House, and West House, alongside independent Living Learning Communities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2015/11/college-unveils-six-house-communities-open-next-fall |title=College Unveils Six House Communities to Open Next Fall |publisher=Dartmouth College |date=November 2, 2015 |accessdate=April 23, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420181017/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2015/11/college-unveils-six-house-communities-open-next-fall |archivedate=April 20, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Dartmouth used to have nine residential communities located throughout campus, instead of ungrouped dormitories or [[residential college]]s.<ref name="orl"/> The dormitories varied in design from modern to traditional Georgian styles, and room arrangements range from singles to quads and apartment suites.<ref name="orl"/> Since 2006, the college has guaranteed housing for students during their freshman and sophomore years.<ref name="Assembly reworks UFC membership guidelines"/> More than 3,000 students elect to live in housing provided by college.<ref name="orl"/>
Campus meals are served by Dartmouth Dining Services, which operates 11 dining establishments around campus.<ref name="Campus Map"/> Four of them are located at the center of campus in the Class of 1953 Commons, formerly Thayer Dining Hall.<ref name="Dining Locations"/>
The Collis Center is the center of student life and programming, serving as what would be generically termed the "student union" or "campus center."<ref name="Collis Center"/> It contains a café, study space, common areas, and a number of administrative departments, including the Academic Skills Centre.<ref name="Collis Floor Plans"/><ref name="Administrative Departments in Collis Center"/> Robinson Hall, next door to both Collis and Thayer, contains the offices of a number of student organizations including the [[Dartmouth Outing Club]] and ''[[The Dartmouth]]'' daily newspaper.<ref name="Robinson Hall"/>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Lord Hall.JPG|Lord Hall, Allen House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Morton Hall 01.JPG|Morton Hall, East Wheelock House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Woodward Hall 02.JPG|Woodward Hall, North Park House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Mid Massachusetts Hall 02.JPG|Mid Massachusetts Hall, School House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Topliff Hall 03.JPG|Topliff Hall, South House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-10-21 03 - Russell Sage Hall.JPG|Russell Sage Hall, West House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Cutter-Shabazz 01.JPG|Cutter-Shabazz House for Intellectual Inquiry
</gallery>
== Student life ==
In 2006, ''[[The Princeton Review]]'' ranked Dartmouth third in its "Quality of Life" category, and sixth for having the "Happiest Students."<ref name="Best 361 Colleges"/> Athletics and participation in the Greek system are the most popular campus activities.<ref name="abc-greek"/> In all, Dartmouth offers more than 350 organizations, teams, and sports.<ref name="Student Life"/> The school is also home to a variety of longstanding traditions and celebrations and has a loyal alumni network; Dartmouth ranked #2 in "[[The Princeton Review]]" in 2006 for Best Alumni Network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonreview.com/schools/1023117/college/dartmouth-college|title=Dartmouth College - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews|website=www.princetonreview.com}}</ref>
=== Student safety ===
In 2014, Dartmouth College was the third highest in the nation in "total of reports of rape" on their main campus, with 42 reports of rape. The ''Washington Post'' attributed the high number of rape reports to the fact that a growing number of sexual assault victims feel comfortable enough to report sexual assaults that would have gone unreported in previous years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/06/07/these-colleges-have-the-most-reports-of-rape/|title=These colleges have the most reports of rape|first=Nick|last=Anderson|date=June 7, 2016|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> In 2015, the Huffington Post reported that Dartmouth College had the highest rate of bystander intervention of any college surveyed, with 57.7% of Dartmouth students reporting that they would take some sort of action if they saw someone acting in a "sexually violent or harassing manner," compared to 45.5% of students nationally.
Dartmouth fraternities have an extensive history of [[hazing]] and [[alcohol abuse]], leading to police raids and accusations of [[sexual harassment]].<ref name="Confessions of an Ivy League Frat Boy: Inside Dartmouth's Hazing Abuses">Janet Reitman, [https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/confessions-of-an-ivy-league-frat-boy-inside-dartmouths-hazing-abuses-20120328?print=true "Confessions of an Ivy League Frat Boy: Inside Dartmouth's Hazing Abuses"], ''Rolling Stone'', April 12, 2012</ref><ref name="Dartmouth in the glare of scrutiny on drinking">Richard Perez-Pena, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/02/education/dartmouth-in-the-glare-of-scrutiny-on-drinking.html "Dartmouth in the Glare of Scrutiny on Drinking"], ''New York Times'', October 2, 2013</ref>
=== Student groups ===
{{Main|Dartmouth College student groups|Dartmouth College publications|Dartmouth College Greek organizations}}
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-10-03 Robinson Hall.JPG|thumb|left|Robinson Hall houses many of the College's student-run organizations, including the [[Dartmouth Outing Club]]. The building is a designated stop along the [[Appalachian Trail]].]]
[[File:Dartmouth AXA.jpg|thumb|right|Dartmouth [[Alpha Chi Alpha]] fraternity house]]
Dartmouth's more than 200 student organizations and clubs cover a wide range of interests.<ref name="Campus Life: Clubs and Organizations"/> In 2007, the college hosted eight academic groups, 17 cultural groups, two honor societies, 30 "issue-oriented" groups, 25 performing groups, 12 pre-professional groups, 20 publications, and 11 recreational groups.<ref name="COSO Student Organizations"/> Notable student groups include the nation's largest and oldest collegiate outdoors club, the [[Dartmouth Outing Club]],<ref name="DOCalumnimag"/> which includes the nationally recognized<ref name="Big Green Bus in the News"/> [[The Big Green Bus|Big Green Bus]]; the campus's oldest a cappella group, [[The Dartmouth Aires]]; the controversial conservative newspaper ''[[The Dartmouth Review]]'';<ref name="Reagan's Disappearing Bureaucrats"/> and ''[[The Dartmouth]]'', arguably the nation's oldest university newspaper.<ref name="nlestk"/> ''The Dartmouth'' describes itself as "America's Oldest College Newspaper, Founded 1799."<ref name = "nlestk"/>
Partially because of Dartmouth's rural, isolated location, the [[fraternities and sororities in North America|Greek system]] dating from the 1840s is one of the most popular social outlets for students.<ref name="abc-greek"/><ref name="Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth"/> Dartmouth is home to 32 recognized Greek houses: 17 fraternities, 12 sororities, and three coeducational organizations.<ref name="Coed, Fraternity, and Sorority Administration"/> In 2007, roughly 70% of eligible students belonged to a Greek organization;<ref name="Transgenders try to navigate Greek system"/> since 1987, students have not been permitted to join Greek organizations until their sophomore year.<ref name="History of CFS Organizations at Dartmouth"/> Dartmouth College was among the first institutions of higher education to [[desegregate]] fraternity houses in the 1950s, and was involved in the movement to create [[coeducational]] Greek houses in the 1970s.<ref name="The College on the Hill: A Dartmouth Chronicle"/> In the early first decade of the 21st century, campus-wide debate focused on a Board of Trustees recommendation that Greek organizations become "substantially coeducational";<ref name="Dartmouth to Abolish Fraternities and Sororities"/> this attempt to change the Greek system eventually failed.<ref name="Interrogating the S.L.I."/> The fraternities have an extensive history of [[hazing]] and [[alcohol abuse]], leading to police raids and accusations of [[sexual harassment]].<ref name="Confessions of an Ivy League Frat Boy: Inside Dartmouth's Hazing Abuses"/><ref name="Dartmouth in the glare of scrutiny on drinking"/>
Dartmouth also has a number of secret societies, which are student- and alumni-led organizations often focused on preserving the history of the college and initiating service projects. Most prominent among them is the [[Sphinx (senior society)|Sphinx society]], housed in a prominent Egyptian tomb-like building near the center of campus. The Sphinx has been the subject of numerous rumors as to its facilities, practices, and membership.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://thedartmouth.com/2012/10/05/mirror/the-pool-at-the-end-of-the-tunnel|title = Mirror at the End of the Tunnel|date = October 5, 2012|accessdate = December 2, 2014|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
The college has an additional classification of social/residential organizations known as [[Dartmouth College student groups#Undergraduate societies|undergraduate societies]].<ref name="Senior and Undergraduate Society Administration"/>
=== Athletics ===
{{Main|Dartmouth Big Green}}
[[File:Darthmouth vs Princeton 1.jpg|thumb|left|A Dartmouth varsity hockey game against Princeton at [[Thompson Arena]]]]
Approximately 20% of students participate in a varsity sport, and nearly 80% participate in some form of club, varsity, intramural, or other athletics.<ref name="What percentage of Dartmouth students play a varsity sport?"/> In 2007, Dartmouth College fielded 34 intercollegiate varsity teams: 16 for men, 16 for women, and coeducational sailing and equestrian programs. Dartmouth's athletic teams compete in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] eight-member [[Ivy League]] conference; some teams also participate in the [[Eastern College Athletic Conference]] (ECAC).<ref name="about-dartmouth-athletics"/> As is mandatory for the members of the Ivy League, Dartmouth College does not offer athletic scholarships.<ref name="about-dartmouth-athletics"/><ref name="What is the Ivy League?"/> In addition to the traditional American team sports (football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey), Dartmouth competes at the varsity level in many other sports including track and field, softball, squash, sailing, tennis, rowing, soccer, skiing, and lacrosse.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/>
[[File:Dartmouth College Big Green logo.svg|right|upright]]
The college also offers 26 club and intramural sports such as fencing, rugby, water polo, figure skating, boxing, volleyball, ultimate frisbee, and cricket, leading to a 75% participation rate in athletics among the undergraduate student body.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/><ref name="Club Sports"/> The Dartmouth Fencing Team, despite being entirely self-coached, won the [[USACFC]] club national championship in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thedartmouth.com/2014/04/10/club-fencing-takes-first-national-title/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=January 3, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103024149/https://thedartmouth.com/2014/04/10/club-fencing-takes-first-national-title/ |archivedate=January 3, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref> The Dartmouth Men's Rugby Team, founded in 1951, has been ranked among the best collegiate teams in that sport, winning for example the [[Ivy Rugby Conference]] every year between 2008 and 2015.<ref name="Ivy Rugby"/> The figure skating team won the national championship five straight times from 2004 through 2008.<ref name="Dartmouth Wins Fourth Consecutive National Title"/> In addition to the academic requirements for graduation, Dartmouth requires every undergraduate to complete a {{convert|50|yd|m|adj=on}} swim and three terms of [[physical education]].<ref name="General Academic Requirements for Graduation"/>
=== Native Americans at Dartmouth ===
[[File:40th Dartmouth Powwow (7210510954).jpg|thumb|right|The 40th Dartmouth Powwow]]
It is often pointed out that the charter of Dartmouth College, granted to [[Eleazar Wheelock]] in 1769, proclaims that the institution was created "for the education and instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land in reading, writing and all parts of Learning ... as well as in all liberal Arts and Sciences; and also of English Youth and any others."<ref name="charter"/> However, Wheelock primarily intended the college to educate White youth, and the few Native students that attended Dartmouth experienced much difficulty in an institution ostensibly dedicated to their education. The funds for the Charity School for Native Americans that preceded Dartmouth College were raised primarily by the efforts of a Native American named [[Samson Occom]], and at least some of those funds were used to help found the college.<ref name="about-nap"/>
The college graduated only 19 Native Americans during its first two hundred years.<ref name="about-nap"/> In 1970, the college established Native American academic and social programs as part of a "new dedication to increasing Native American enrollment."<ref name = "about-nap" /> Since then, Dartmouth has graduated over 700 Native American students from over 200 different tribes, more than the other seven Ivy League universities combined.<ref name="about-nap" />
=== Traditions ===
{{Main|Dartmouth College traditions}}
[[File:2004 Winter Carnival Sculpture.JPG|thumb|Snow sculpture at the 2004 Dartmouth Winter Carnival]]
Dartmouth is well known for its fierce school spirit and many traditions.<ref name="15th President Installed at Dartmouth"/> The college functions on a [[Academic term|quarter system]], and one weekend each term is set aside as a traditional celebratory event, known on campus as "big weekends"<ref name="steph"/><ref name="The Dartmouth Green: A Walking Tour of Dartmouth"/> or "party weekends".<ref name="Hopkins Center offers many alternatives over weekend"/> In the fall term, Homecoming (officially called Dartmouth Night) is marked by a [[bonfire]] on the Green constructed by the freshman class.<ref name="homecoming-history"/> Winter term is celebrated by Winter Carnival, a tradition started in 1911 by the Dartmouth Outing Club to promote winter sports. This tradition is the oldest in the United States, and subsequently went on to catch on at other New England colleges.<ref name="tdr-wc"/><ref>{{cite web|title = Winter carnival to be held {{!}} News {{!}} Bates College|url = https://www.bates.edu/news/1997/01/13/winter-carnival-1997/|website = www.bates.edu|access-date = February 7, 2016}}</ref> In the spring, Green Key is a weekend mostly devoted to campus parties and celebration.<ref name="Green Key History: Those Were the Days"/>
The summer term was formerly marked by Tubestock, an unofficial tradition in which the students used wooden rafts and inner tubes to float on the [[Connecticut River]]. Begun in 1986, Tubestock was ended in 2006 by town ordinance.<ref name="Town, College Weigh Tubestock Changes"/> The Class of 2008, during their summer term on campus in 2006, replaced the defunct Tubestock with Fieldstock. This new celebration includes a barbecue, live music, and the revival of the 1970s and 1980s tradition of racing homemade chariots around the Green. Unlike Tubestock, Fieldstock is funded and supported by the College.<ref name="Fieldstock, chariots await town approval"/>
Another longstanding tradition is four-day, student-run [[Dartmouth Outing Club]] trips for incoming freshmen, begun in 1935. Each trip concludes at the [[Moosilauke Ravine Lodge]].<ref name="About the Program"/> In 2011, over 96% of freshmen elected to participate.
== Insignia and other representations ==
=== Motto and song ===
Dartmouth's motto, chosen by Eleazar Wheelock, is ''Vox clamantis in deserto''. The Latin motto is literally translated as "A calling voice in the wilderness",<ref name="Out of the Woods"/><ref name="good"/> but is more often rendered as "A voice crying out in the wilderness".<ref name="at a glance"/> The phrase appears five times in the Bible and is a reference to the college's location on what was once the frontier of European settlement.<ref name="good"/><ref name="Bartlett Hall's Wheelock Memorial Window"/> Richard Hovey's "[[Alma Mater (Dartmouth College)|Men of Dartmouth]]" was elected as the best of Dartmouth's songs in 1896,<ref name="homecoming-history"/> and became the school's official song in 1926.<ref name="Follow-up on the news; Song out of tune with the times"/> The song was retitled to "Alma Mater" in the 1980s when its lyrics were changed to refer to women as well as men.<ref name="rscl"/>
=== Seal ===
{{Main|Seal of Dartmouth College}}
[[File:Seal of Dartmouth College.png|thumb|upright|left|Seal of Dartmouth College]]
Dartmouth's 1769 [[royal charter]] required the creation of a [[seal (emblem)|seal]] for use on official documents and diplomas.<ref name="charter"/> The college's founder [[Eleazar Wheelock]] designed a seal for his college bearing a striking resemblance to the seal of the [[USPG|Society for the Propagation of the Gospel]], a missionary society founded in London in 1701, in order to maintain the illusion that his college was more for mission work than for higher education.<ref name="good"/> Engraved by a Boston silversmith, the seal was ready by commencement of 1773. The trustees officially accepted the seal on August 25, 1773, describing it as:
{{quote|An Oval, circumscribed by a Line containing SIGILL: COL: DARTMUTH: NOV: HANT: IN AMERICA 1770. within projecting a Pine Grove on the Right, whence proceed Natives towards an Edifice two Storey on the left; which bears in a Label over the Grove these Words "vox clamantis in deserto" the whole supported by Religion on the Right and Justice on the Left, and bearing in a Triangle irradiate, with the Hebrew Words [El Shaddai], agreeable to the above Impression, be the common Seal under which to pass all Diplomas or Certificates of Degrees, and all other Affairs of Business of and concerning Dartmouth College.<ref name="collections"/>}}
On October 28, 1926, the trustees affirmed the charter's reservation of the seal for official corporate documents alone.<ref name="good"/> The College Publications Committee commissioned noted typographer [[William Addison Dwiggins]] to create a line drawing version of the seal in 1940 that saw widespread use. Dwiggins' design was modified during 1957 to change the date from "1770" to "1769", to accord with the date of the college charter. The trustees commissioned a new set of dies with a date of "1769" to replace the old dies, now badly worn after almost two hundred years of use.<ref name="good"/> The 1957 design continues to be used under trademark number 2305032.<ref name="uspatent"/>
=== Shield ===
On October 28, 1926, the trustees approved a "Dartmouth College Shield" for general use. Artist and engraver W. Parke Johnson designed this emblem on the basis of the shield that is depicted at the center of the original seal. This design does not survive. On June 9, 1944, the trustees approved another [[coat of arms]] based on the shield part of the seal, this one by Canadian artist and designer [[Thoreau MacDonald]]. That design was used widely and, like Dwiggins' seal, had its date changed from "1770" to "1769" around 1958.<ref name="good"/> That version continues to be used under trademark registration number 3112676 and others.<ref name="uspatent"/>
College designer John Scotford made a stylized version of the shield during the 1960s, but it did not see the success of MacDonald's design.<ref name="A Proposal for a Heraldic Coat of Arms for Dartmouth College"/> The shield appears to have been used as the basis of the shield of [[Dartmouth Medical School]], and it has been reproduced in sizes as small as 20 micrometers across.<ref name="Nanometer Pattern Generation System: Dartmouth Seal"/> The design has appeared on [[Rudolph Ruzicka]]'s Bicentennial Medal ([[Philadelphia Mint]], 1969) and elsewhere.
=== Nickname, symbol, and mascot ===
Dartmouth has never had an official [[mascot]].<ref name="ad-green"/> The nickname "The Big Green,"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=590538|title=The|access-date=September 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507215935/http://www.dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=590538|archive-date=May 7, 2016|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> originating in the 1860s, is based on students' adoption of a shade of forest green ("Dartmouth Green") as the school's official color in 1866.<ref name="greencolor"/><ref name="History-of-Dartmouth-Hanover"/> Beginning in the 1920s, the Dartmouth College athletic teams were known by their unofficial nickname "the Indians", a moniker that probably originated among sports journalists.<ref name="ad-green"/> This unofficial mascot and team name was used until the early 1970s, when its use came under criticism. In 1974, the Trustees declared the "use of the [Indian] symbol in any form to be inconsistent with present institutional and academic objectives of the College in advancing Native American education."<ref name="The 'Big Green' Nickname"/> Some alumni and students, as well as the conservative student newspaper, ''[[The Dartmouth Review]]'', have sought to return the Indian symbol to prominence,<ref name="Dartmouth Indians: The New Tradition"/> but never succeeded in doing so.<ref name="The Banning of the Indian"/>
Various student initiatives have been undertaken to adopt a mascot, but none has become "official." One proposal devised by the college humor magazine the ''[[Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern]]'' was [[Keggy the Keg]], an [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] beer keg who makes occasional appearances at college sporting events. Despite student enthusiasm for Keggy,<ref name="Straight from the Tap: the men behind the mascot"/> the mascot has received approval from only the student government.<ref name="thedartmouth4"/> In November 2006, student government attempted to revive the "Dartmoose" as a potential replacement amid renewed controversy surrounding the former unofficial Indian mascot.<ref name="First SA meeting draws crowd"/>
== Alumni ==
{{Main|List of Dartmouth College alumni}}
Dartmouth's alumni are known for their devotion to the college.<ref name="ihe-alum"/> Most start by giving to the Senior Class Gift. According to a 2008 article in ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' based on data from [[payscale.com]], Dartmouth graduates also earn higher median salaries at least 10 years after graduation than alumni of any other American university surveyed.<ref name="Ivy Leaguers' Big Edge: Starting Pay"/>
By 2008, Dartmouth had graduated 238 classes of students and has over 60,000 living alumni in a variety of fields.<ref name="The Alumni Constitution, in Brief"/>
[[Nelson Rockefeller|Nelson A. Rockefeller]], 41st [[Vice President of the United States]] and 49th [[Governor of New York]], graduated ''cum laude'' from Dartmouth with a degree in economics in 1930. Over 164 Dartmouth graduates have served in the [[United States Senate]] and [[United States House of Representatives]],<ref name="dartmouthclub"/> such as Massachusetts statesman [[Daniel Webster]].<ref name="dartmouthclub"/> Cabinet members of American presidents include Attorney General [[Amos T. Akerman]],<ref name="Amos T. Akerman"/> Secretary of Defense [[James V. Forrestal]], Secretary of Labor [[Robert Reich]],<ref name="dartmouth5"/> former Secretary of the Treasury [[Henry Paulson]], and former Secretary of the Treasury [[Timothy Geithner]]. [[C. Everett Koop]] was the [[Surgeon General of the United States]] under President Ronald Reagan.<ref name="C. Everett Koop"/> Two Dartmouth alumni have served as justices on the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]: [[Salmon P. Chase]] and [[Levi Woodbury]].<ref name="Salmon P. Chase"/><ref name="Levi Woodbury"/> Eugene Norman Veasey (class of 1954) served as the Chief Justice of Delaware. The 46th and current [[List of Governors of Pennsylvania|Governor of Pennsylvania]] [[Tom Wolf]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Toole|first1=James|title=As Tom Wolf seeks the Pennsylvania governor's office, political life comes full circle|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/politics-state/2014/10/12/For-candidate-Tom-Wolf-political-life-comes-full-circle/stories/201410120173|accessdate=January 20, 2015 |agency=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=October 12, 2014}}</ref> and the 42nd and current [[List of Governors of Illinois|Governor of Illinois]], businessman [[Bruce Rauner]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pearson|first1=Rick|title=Bruce Rauner, political rookie, rises to claim governorship|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-bruce-rauner-illinois-governor-20141104-story.html|accessdate=January 9, 2018 |agency=Chicago Tribune|date=November 5, 2014}}</ref> are also Dartmouth alumni.
In literature and journalism, Dartmouth has produced thirteen [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners: Thomas M. Burton,<ref name="Wall Street, Aneurysms and Explanatory Writing: An Interview With Thomas Burton '71"/> [[Richard Eberhart]],<ref name="Richard Eberhart"/> [[Dan Fagin]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee |first1=Fred |title=Dan Fagin ’85 Awarded 2014 Pulitzer Prize for ‘Toms River’ |url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2014/04/dan-fagin-85-awarded-2014-pulitzer-prize-for-toms-river/ |accessdate=January 15, 2015 |work=Dartmouth Now |date=April 23, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115201913/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2014/04/dan-fagin-85-awarded-2014-pulitzer-prize-for-toms-river/ |archivedate=January 15, 2015 |df= }}</ref> [[Paul Gigot]], [[Frank Gilroy]], [[Jake Hooker (journalist)|Jake Hooker]],<ref name="More GreenNews"/> [[Nigel Jaquiss]],<ref name="The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2005"/> Joseph Rago,<ref name="WSJ's Rago Wins Pulitzer Prize"/> [[Martin J. Sherwin]],<ref name="History6"/> [[David K. Shipler]],<ref name="Six to receive Social Justice Awards"/> David Shribman, and [[Justin Harvey Smith]].
Other authors and media personalities include ABC Senior White House correspondent [[Jake Tapper]], novelist and founding editor of ''The Believer'' [[Heidi Julavits]], "Dean of rock critics" [[Robert Christgau]], National Book Award winners [[Louise Erdrich]] and [[Phil Klay]], novelist/screenwriter [[Budd Schulberg]],<ref name="dartmouth7"/> political analyst [[Dinesh D'Souza]],<ref name="About Dinesh D'Souza"/> radio talk show host [[Laura Ingraham]],<ref name="Ingraham '85 to speak on election"/> commentator [[Mort Kondracke]],<ref name="Mort Kondracke"/> and journalist [[James Panero]].<ref name="James Panero"/> [[Norman Maclean]], a former professor at the University of Chicago<ref name="Professor, Outdoorsman, Now a Novelist—Norman Maclean 'Finds Life Again' at 73" /> and author of ''A River Runs Through It and Other Stories'', graduated from Dartmouth in 1924.<ref name="And to Think That It Happened at Dartmouth" /> Theodor Geisel, better known as children's author [[Dr. Seuss]], was a member of the class of 1925.<ref name="Who's Who & What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss"/>
In the area of religion and theology, Dartmouth alumni include priests and ministers [[Ebenezer Porter]], [[Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs]], [[Caleb Sprague Henry]], [[Arthur Whipple Jenks]], [[Solomon Spalding]], and [[Joseph Tracy]]; and rabbis [[Marshall Meyer]], [[Arnold Resnicoff]], and [[David E. Stern]].<ref name="CalebHenry"/><ref name="SolSpaldingAlum"/><ref name="The Bibliography of Vermont: Or, A List of Books and Pamphlets Relating"/><ref name="RabiStern"/><ref name="Alum-Resnicoff"/> [[Hyrum Smith]], brother of Mormon Prophet [[Joseph Smith]], attended the college in his teens. He was Patriarch of the [[LDS Church]].
Dartmouth alumni in academia include [[Stuart Kauffman]] and [[Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)|Jeffrey Weeks]], both recipients of [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowships]] (commonly called "genius grants").<ref name="Stuart Kauffman"/><ref name="Vita for Dr. Jeffrey Weeks"/> Dartmouth has also graduated three [[Nobel Prize]] winners: [[Owen Chamberlain]] ([[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], 1959),<ref name="Owen Chamberlain"/> [[K. Barry Sharpless]] ([[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], 2001),<ref name="K. Berry Sharpless curriculum vitae"/> and [[George Davis Snell]] ([[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], 1980).<ref name="George Davis Snell"/> Educators include founder and first president of [[Bates College]], [[Oren Burbank Cheney]] (1839),<ref name="Oren B. Cheney" /> the current chancellor of the [[University of California, San Diego]], [[Marye Anne Fox]] (PhD. in Chemistry, 1974),<ref name="dartmouth8" /> founding president of [[Vassar College]] [[Milo Parker Jewett]],<ref name="Double Play: Women's Education and Anti-Slavery"/> founder and first president of Kenyon College [[Philander Chase]],<ref name="Philander Chase"/> first professor of Wabash College [[Caleb Mills]],<ref name="Wabash College: The First Hundred Years, 1832–1932"/> and former president of Union College [[Charles Augustus Aiken]].<ref name="The Woodward Succession: A Brief History of the Dartmouth College Library, 1769–2002"/><ref name="Past Presidents of Union"/> Nine of Dartmouth's 17 presidents were alumni of the College.<ref name="dart-pres"/>
Dartmouth alumni serving as CEOs or company presidents and executives include [[Charles Alfred Pillsbury]], founder of the [[Pillsbury Company]] and patriarch of the Pillsbury family, [[Sandy Alderson]] ([[San Diego Padres]]),<ref name="strategyplus"/> [[John Donahoe]] ([[eBay]]), [[Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.]] ([[IBM]]),<ref name="The Networked World: Are We Ready For It?"/> [[Charles E. Haldeman]] ([[Putnam Investments]]),<ref name="Dartmouth Board of Trustees Biographies"/> [[Donald J. Hall, Sr.]] ([[Hallmark Cards]]),<ref name="William Jewell Honors Kansas City Business Leaders with Yates Medal"/> [[Jeffrey R. Immelt]] ([[General Electric]]),<ref name="GE's Jeffrey Immelt to speak at Dartmouth Entrepreneurship Conference"/> [[Gail Koziara Boudreaux]] ([[United Health Care]]),<ref name="christian"/> [[Grant Tinker]] ([[NBC]]),<ref name="Tinker, Grant"/> and [[Brian Goldner]] ([[Hasbro]]).<ref name="In charge at Hasbro"/>
In film, entertainment, and television, Dartmouth is represented by Budd Schulberg, [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning screenwriter of ''[[On the Waterfront]]'', [[Michael Phillips (producer)|Michael Phillips]], who won the Academy Award for best picture as co-producer of ''[[The Sting]]'', [[Rachel Dratch]], a cast member of ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'',<ref name = "daem"/> [[Shonda Rhimes]] creator of ''[[Grey's Anatomy]], [[Private Practice (TV series)|Private Practice]]'' and ''[[Scandal (TV series)|Scandal]]'',<ref name="grey"/> [[Chris Meledandri]] Executive Producer of ''[[Ice Age (franchise)|Ice Age]]'', ''[[Horton Hears a Who! (film)|Horton Hears a Who!]]'', and ''[[Despicable Me]]'',<ref name="daem"/> and the title character of ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'', [[Fred Rogers]].<ref name="'Mister Rogers' to give Dartmouth Commencement Address"/> Other notable film and television figures include [[Sarah Wayne Callies]] (''[[Prison Break]]''),<ref name="Alums bring Fringe fave to Hop"/> Emmy Award winner [[Michael Moriarty]],<ref name="daem"/> [[Andrew Shue]] of ''[[Melrose Place]]'',<ref name="Andrew Shue"/> [[Aisha Tyler]] of ''[[Friends]]'' and ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'',<ref name="daem"/> [[Connie Britton]] of ''[[Spin City]]'', ''[[The West Wing]]'' and ''[[Friday Night Lights (TV series)|Friday Night Lights]]'', [[Mindy Kaling]] of ''[[The Office (U.S. TV series)|The Office]]'' and ''[[The Mindy Project]]'',<ref name="daem"/> and [[David Harbour]] of ''[[Stranger Things]]''.
A number of Dartmouth alumni have found success in professional sports. In baseball, Dartmouth alumni include All-Star and three-time [[Gold Glove]] winner and manager [[Brad Ausmus]],<ref name="Ausmus '91 produces Gold Gloves and success for Astros"/> All-Star reliever [[Mike Remlinger]],<ref name="Mike Remlinger"/> and pitcher [[Kyle Hendricks]]. Professional football players include former Miami Dolphins quarterback [[Jay Fiedler]],<ref name="Dolphins still winning, Jay Fiedler '94 still standing"/> linebacker [[Reggie Williams (linebacker)|Reggie Williams]],<ref name="2004 Greater Flint Afro-American Hall of Fame: Reggie Williams"/><ref name="dartmouthsports"/> three-time Pro Bowler [[Nick Lowery]],<ref name="Football star Nick Lowery to discuss community service Oct. 29 at Dartmouth"/> quarterback [[Jeff Kemp]],<ref name="Jeff Kemp"/> and Tennessee Titans tight end [[Casey Cramer]], plus Miami Dolphins defensive coordinator [[Matt Burke (American football)|Matt Burke]].<ref name="Sports Roundup"/> Dartmouth has also produced a number of Olympic competitors. [[Adam Nelson]] won the silver medal in the shot put in the [[2000 Sydney Olympics]] and the gold medal at the [[2004 Athens Olympics]] to go along with his gold medal in the [[2005 World Championships in Athletics]] in [[Helsinki]].<ref name="usatf.org"/> [[Kristin King]] and [[Sarah Parsons]] were members of the United States' 2006 bronze medal-winning ice hockey team.<ref name="thed-olymp-ath"/><ref name="Sports: One on One"/> [[Cherie Piper]], [[Gillian Apps]], and [[Katie Weatherston]] were among Canada's ice hockey gold medalists in 2006.<ref name="Cherie Piper"/><ref name="Gillian Apps"/><ref name="Katie Weatherston"/>
[[Dick Durrance]] and [[Tim Caldwell (skier)|Tim Caldwell]] competed for the United States in skiing in the 1936 and 1976 Winter Olympics, respectively.<ref name="Dick Durrance, America's Champion"/><ref name="dartmouth-pdf"/> [[Arthur Shaw (athlete)|Arthur Shaw]],<ref name="bgtf"/> [[Earl Thomson]],<ref name="NCAA Champions from Dartmouth College"/> [[Edwin Myers]],<ref name="bgtf"/> [[Marc Wright]],<ref name="bgtf"/> Adam Nelson,<ref name="usatf.org"/> [[Gerry Ashworth]],<ref name="bgtf"/> and [[Vilhjálmur Einarsson]]<ref name="bgtf"/> have all won medals in track and field events. Former heavyweight [[rowing (sport)|rower]] [[Dominic Seiterle]] is a member of the Canadian national rowing team and won a gold medal at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in the men's [[Eight (rowing)|8+]] event.<ref name="Gold in Men's Eight, Bronze in Women's Double, Men's Four"/>
<gallery class="center" caption="Notable Dartmouth alumni include:" widths="150px" heights="150px">
File:Jb modern frost 2 e.jpg|[[Robert Frost]], poet
File:Ted Geisel NYWTS 2 crop.jpg|[[Dr. Seuss]], writer and illustrator
File:Henry Paulson official Treasury photo, 2006.jpg|[[Henry Paulson]], former CEO of [[Goldman Sachs]] and [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]]
File:Timothy Geithner official portrait.jpg|[[Timothy Geithner]], former [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]]
File:Mathew Brady, Portrait of Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, officer of the United States government (1860–1865, full version).jpg|[[Salmon Chase]], former [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice of the U.S.]]
File:Daniel Webster.jpg|[[Daniel Webster]], former [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]]
File:Nelson Rockefeller.jpg|[[Nelson Rockefeller]], former [[Vice President of the United States]]
File:SenatorGillibrandpic.jpg|[[Kirsten Gillibrand]], American politician
File:Robert Reich at the UT Liz Carpenter Lecture 2015.JPG|[[Robert Reich]], political commentator, professor, and author
File:Sarah Wayne Callies Comic-Con 4, 2012.jpg|[[Sarah Wayne Callies]], actress
File:MindyKaling08.jpg|[[Mindy Kaling]], actress and comedian
File:Connie Britton 2013.jpg|[[Connie Britton]], actress, singer and producer
File:Shonda Rhimes 2008.jpg|[[Shonda Rhimes]], television producer and writer
File:Ausmuscrop.jpg|[[Brad Ausmus]], baseball player
File:Jake Tapper at the White House.jpg|[[Jake Tapper]], journalist, author, and commentator
</gallery>
== In popular culture ==
Dartmouth College has appeared in or been referenced by a number of popular media. Most notably, the 1978 comedy film ''[[National Lampoon's Animal House]]'' was co-written by [[Chris Miller (writer)|Chris Miller]] '63,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/dartmouth-frat-inspired-animal-house-shut-article-1.2216559|title=Dartmouth 'Animal House' frat loses appeal to stay on campus|access-date=September 10, 2016}}</ref> and is based loosely on a series of stories he wrote about his fraternity days at Dartmouth. In a CNN interview, [[John Landis]] said the movie was "based on Chris Miller's real fraternity at Dartmouth", [[Dartmouth College Greek organizations#Alpha Delta|Alpha Delta Phi]].<ref name="Interview with John Landis"/> Dartmouth's Winter Carnival tradition was the subject of the 1939 film ''Winter Carnival'' starring [[Ann Sheridan]] and written by [[Budd Schulberg]] '36 and [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]].<ref name="tdr-wc"/>
{{clear}}
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<!--ref name="2013 admissions">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/fact_card_fall_2013_updated.pdf | title = Dartmouth Facts And Figures: Fall 2013 | first = Josh | last = Jensen | date = 2013 | work = Dartmouth.edu }}</ref-->
<ref name="'Mister Rogers' to give Dartmouth Commencement Address">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2002/may/050202.html | title = 'Mister Rogers' to give Dartmouth Commencement Address | work = Dartmouth News | date = May 2, 2002 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152153/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2002/may/050202.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="15th President Installed at Dartmouth">{{cite news | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4DC1231F933A15754C0A961948260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fOrganizations%2fD%2fDartmouth%20College | title = 15th President Installed at Dartmouth | first = Matthew L | last = Wald | date = July 20, 1987 | work =The New York Times| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="2004 Greater Flint Afro-American Hall of Fame: Reggie Williams">{{cite web|url=http://www.flint.lib.mi.us/hallfame/04/rwilliams.shtml |accessdate=January 12, 2007 |title=2004 Greater Flint Afro-American Hall of Fame: Reggie Williams |work=Flint Public Library |date=October 25, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013145530/http://flint.lib.mi.us/hallfame/04/rwilliams.shtml |archivedate=October 13, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="A Frat Party Is:; a) Milk and Cookies; b) Beer Pong">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/07/education/a-frat-party-is-a-milk-and-cookies-b-beer-pong.html | title = A Frat Party Is:; a) Milk and Cookies; b) Beer Pong | first = Randy | last = Kennedy | work =The New York Times | quote = ... at Dartmouth College a place where traditions die hard ... | date = November 7, 1999 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="A History of American Higher Education">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=y4GXfnoJdFkC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1 | title = A History of American Higher Education | first = John R. | last = Thelin | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-8018-7855-8 }}</ref>
<ref name="A Proposal for a Heraldic Coat of Arms for Dartmouth College">{{cite web | first = Jonathan | last = Good | title = A Proposal for a Heraldic Coat of Arms for Dartmouth College | url = http://www.dartmo.com/proposal/index.html | publisher = Dartmo. | accessdate = December 2, 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="About Dartmouth – History">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/history.html |title=About Dartmouth – History |publisher=Dartmouth.edu |accessdate=October 15, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928043724/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/history.html |archivedate=September 28, 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="About Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center">{{cite web | url = http://www.dhmc.org/webpage.cfm?site_id=2&org_id=566&morg_id=0&sec_id=0&gsec_id=39&item_id=41397 | title = About Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center | publisher = Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080117140653/http://www.dhmc.org/webpage.cfm?site_id=2&org_id=566&morg_id=0&sec_id=0&gsec_id=39&item_id=41397| archivedate = January 17, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="About Dinesh D'Souza">{{cite web | url = http://www.dineshdsouza.com/more/about.html | title = About Dinesh D'Souza | publisher = DineshDSouza.com | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="About UPNE">{{cite web | url = http://www.upne.com/aboutupne.html | title = About UPNE | publisher = University Press of New England | accessdate = March 4, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="About the Program">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~doc/firstyeartrips/about/ | title = About the Program | publisher = Dartmouth Outing Club | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Academics & Research">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/academics_research/ | title = Academics & Research | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080615132909/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/academics_research/| archivedate = June 15, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Administrative Departments in Collis Center">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/collis/admin.html | title = Administrative Departments in Collis Center | publisher = Collis Center & Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Alum-Resnicoff">{{cite web|url=http://www.charitywire.com/charity11/00743.html|title=Rabbi Arnold E. Resnicoff Named National Director of Interreligious Relations|date=October 4, 2001|publisher=American Jewish Committee (via Charity Wire)|accessdate=February 8, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708135409/http://www.charitywire.com/charity11/00743.html|archivedate=July 8, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="Alumni Gym">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590342 | title = Alumni Gym | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161607/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590342 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Alums bring Fringe fave to Hop">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2005/01/06/arts/alums/ | title = Alums bring Fringe fave to Hop | first = Jennifer | last = Garfinkel | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 6, 2005 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Amos T. Akerman">{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-660 | title = Amos T. Akerman | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Andrew Shue">{{cite web | url = http://www.ivy50.com/story.aspx?sid=11/14/2006 | title = Andrew Shue | first = E.J. | last = Crawford | work = Ivy@50 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="And to Think That It Happened at Dartmouth">{{cite news|url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2010/06/and-to-think-that-it-happened-at-dartmouth/ |title=And to Think That It Happened at Dartmouth |first=Steve |last=Smith |work=The Dartmouth |date=June 5, 2010 |accessdate=December 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924014457/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2010/06/and-to-think-that-it-happened-at-dartmouth/ |archivedate=September 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Assembly reworks UFC membership guidelines">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2006/01/18/news/assembly-reworks-ufc-membership-guidelines | title = Assembly reworks UFC membership guidelines | first = Katy | last = O'Donnell | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 18, 2006 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Atkin Olshin Lawson-Bell Architects">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/archives/category/history | title = Atkin Olshin Lawson-Bell Architects | work = Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Ausmus '91 produces Gold Gloves and success for Astros">{{cite news | url = http://www.thedartmouth.com/article.php?aid=2003051903030 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20051103090612/http://www.thedartmouth.com/article.php?aid=2003051903030 | archivedate = November 3, 2005 | title = Ausmus '91 produces Gold Gloves and success for Astros | first = Elliot | last = Olshansky | work =The Dartmouth| date = May 19, 2003 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Baker Library Bell Tower">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/bakerberry/general/bells.html | publisher = Dartmouth College Libraries | title = Baker Library Bell Tower | accessdate = March 14, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="Bartlett Hall's Wheelock Memorial Window">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/index.php?cat=12 | title = Bartlett Hall's Wheelock Memorial Window | work = Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Battle for Board leaves boardroom">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/09/19/news/board/ | work =The Dartmouth| first = William | last = Schpero | title = Battle for Board leaves boardroom | date = September 19, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Berry Library">{{cite web | url = https://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/bakerberry/general/AboutBaker-BerryLibrary.html | title = About Baker-Berry Library | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = November 11, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Berry Sports Center">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590343 | title = Berry Sports Center | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210063508/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590343 | archive-date = December 10, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Best 361 Colleges">{{cite book | last = The Princeton Review | title = Best 361 Colleges | location = New York, NY | publisher = Princeton Review Press | year = 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Big Green Bus in the News">{{cite web|url=http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/thebiggreenbus/2006/news.html |title=Big Green Bus in the News |publisher=The Big Green Bus |accessdate=June 5, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928222858/http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/thebiggreenbus/2006/news.html |archivedate=September 28, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="Board adds 8 seats, ends century-old parity">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/09/08/news/board/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307024347/http://thedartmouth.com/2007/09/08/news/board/ | archivedate = March 7, 2008 | title = Board adds 8 seats, ends century-old parity | first = William | last = Schpero | work =The Dartmouth| date = September 8, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Board of trustees vote to change how Dartmouth College is run">{{cite news | url = http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2007/09/08/board_of_trustees_vote_to_change_how_dartmouth_college_is_run/ | title = Board of trustees vote to change how Dartmouth College is run | date = September 7, 2007 | agency = Associated Press | publisher = The Boston Globe | accessdate = August 20, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Booz Allen Hamilton Lists the World's Most Enduring Institutions">{{cite web | url = http://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/media/file/Worlds_Most_Enduring_Institutions.pdf | title = The World's Most Enduring Institutions | publisher = Booz Allen Hamilton | date = December 16, 2004 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031905/http://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/media/file/Worlds_Most_Enduring_Institutions.pdf | archivedate = February 7, 2017 | df = mdy-all }}; "Dartmouth College went from a floundering, financially weak institution of about 300 students over the next 20 years to an enrollment of more than 2,000, a robust endowment, and a national reputation as the most prestigious undergraduate college in the United States."</ref>
<ref name="C. Everett Koop">{{cite web | url = http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/history/biokoop.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061209104434/http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/history/biokoop.htm | archivedate=December 9, 2006 | title = C. Everett Koop | publisher = United States Department of Health & Human Services | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="CIC Historic Campus Architecture Project">{{cite web|url=http://www.cic.edu/projects_services/grants/getty_definitions.pdf |title=CIC Historic Campus Architecture Project |format=PDF |publisher=The Council of Independent Colleges |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625151916/http://www.cic.edu/projects_services/grants/getty_definitions.pdf |archivedate=June 25, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="COSO Student Organizations">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/coso/orgs.html | title = COSO Student Organizations | publisher = Collis Center and Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="CalebHenry">{{cite book|last=Marsh|first=James|author2=John J. Duffy|title=Coleridge's American disciples: the selected correspondence of James Marsh|publisher=Univ of Massachusetts Press|year=1973|page=128|isbn=978-0-87023-121-6|url=https://books.google.com/?id=57WQmJGCQuIC&pg=PA128}}</ref>
<ref name="Campus Life: Clubs and Organizations">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/campus_life/clubs.html | title = Campus Life: Clubs and Organizations | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Campus Map">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/campusmap.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071229072128/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/campusmap.shtml | archivedate=December 29, 2007 | title = Campus Map | publisher = Dartmouth Dining Services | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Cherie Piper">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=648518 | title = Cherie Piper | publisher = Big Green Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Classifications: Dartmouth College">{{cite web|url=http://carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=15105&start=782 |title=Classifications: Dartmouth College |publisher=The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013162546/http://carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=15105&start=782 |archivedate=October 13, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Club Sports">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=718210 | title = Club Sports | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208160621/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=718210 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Coed, Fraternity, and Sorority Administration">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~orl/greek-soc/cfs/ | title = Coed, Fraternity, and Sorority Administration | publisher = Office of Residential Life | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="College Sustainability Report Card 2008">{{cite web | title = College Sustainability Report Card 2008 | publisher = Sustainable Endowments Institute | url = http://www.endowmentinstitute.org/ | accessdate = May 21, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Collis Center">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/collis/index.html | title = Collis Center | publisher = Collis Center & Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Collis Floor Plans">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/collis/floorplan.html | title = Collis Floor Plans | publisher = Collis Center & Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="CricketRauner">{{cite web|url=http://raunerlibrary.blogspot.com/2010/01/is-this-cricket.html|title=Rauner Library Blog: Is This Cricket?|date=January 29, 2010|publisher=Dartmouth College Library|accessdate=February 10, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Current Capital Projects">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~opdc/projects/index.html | title = Current Capital Projects | publisher = Office of Planning, Design & Construction | accessdate = February 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="DOCalumnimag">{{cite journal|last=Collins|first=Jim|date=December 2009|title=100 Years of the Dartmouth Outing Club |journal=The Dartmouth Alumni Magazine|publisher=Dartmouth College|location=Hanover, NH|issue=November–December 2009 |page=38|issn=2150-671X}}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Board of Trustees Biographies">{{cite news| url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~trustees/biographies/haldeman.html | title = Dartmouth Board of Trustees Biographies | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth College's Board of Trustees Elects Five Alumni as New Trustees">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2008/09/05.html | title = Dartmouth College's Board of Trustees Elects Five Alumni as New Trustees | first = Dartmouth | last = College | work = Press Release | date = September 5, 2008 | accessdate = October 3, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080912051157/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2008/09/05.html | archivedate = September 12, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth College: Services and Facilities">{{cite web | url = http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drservices_2573_brief.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225214741/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drservices_2573_brief.php | archivedate = February 25, 2008 | title = Dartmouth College: Services and Facilities | work = [[U.S. News and World Report]] | accessdate = September 17, 2007 }}</ref>
<!--unused<ref name="Dartmouth Commencement 2008 Class Notes">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2008/06/08m.html | title = Dartmouth Commencement 2008 Class Notes | work = Dartmouth News | date = June 8, 2008 | accessdate = June 15, 2008 }}</ref>-->
<!--unused<ref name=Dartmouth.Facts>{{cite web |title=Dartmouth Facts and Figures|date=Fall 2014 |accessdate=February 5, 2016 |publisher=Dartmouth College |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/fact_card_fall_2014.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref>-->
<ref name="Dartmouth Indians: The New Tradition">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2003/06/08/dartmouth_indians_the_new_tradition.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071227210651/http://dartreview.com/archives/2003/06/08/dartmouth_indians_the_new_tradition.php | archivedate = December 27, 2007 | title = Dartmouth Indians: The New Tradition | first = Stefan M | last = Beck | date = June 8, 2003 | work =The Dartmouth Review | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Landscape Design Guidelines">{{cite web | url = http://www.saucierflynn.com/clients/educational/dartmouth/dartlanddesignguides.php | title = Dartmouth Landscape Design Guidelines | publisher = Saucier + Flynn Landscape Architects | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017144223/http://saucierflynn.com/clients/educational/dartmouth/dartlanddesignguides.php | archivedate = October 17, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Skiway">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~skiway/ | title = Dartmouth Skiway | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Sustainability Initiative">{{cite web | title = Dartmouth Sustainability Initiative | publisher = Dartmouth College | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7Esustain/about/ | accessdate = May 21, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Trustees vote to expand size of board">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2003/11/17b.html | title = Dartmouth Trustees vote to expand size of board | date = November 17, 2003 | work = Dartmouth News | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013095536/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2003/11/17b.html | archivedate = October 13, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Wins Fourth Consecutive National Title">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7Eskating/?DB_OEM_ID=11600 | title = Dartmouth Wins Fourth Consecutive National Title | date = March 27, 2007 | publisher = Dartmouth Figure Skating Team | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth to Abolish Fraternities and Sororities">{{cite web | url = http://www.academia.org/campus_reports/1999/march_1999_1.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013124325/http://academia.org/campus_reports/1999/march_1999_1.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = Dartmouth to Abolish Fraternities and Sororities | first = Stephan | last = Wellman | work = Accuracy in Academia |date=March 1999 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dick Durrance, America's Champion">{{cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/?id=Z1gEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45 | title = Dick Durrance, America's Champion | first = Morten | last = Lund | journal=Skiing Heritage Journal | date = June 14, 2004 | accessdate = October 21, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dining Locations">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/diningloc.shtml | title = Dining Locations | publisher = Dartmouth Dining Services | accessdate = September 19, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dining Locations: Courtyard Café">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/courtyardcafe.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071031115937/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/courtyardcafe.shtml | archivedate=October 31, 2007 | title = Dining Locations: Courtyard Café | publisher = Dartmouth Dining Service | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Divided Association of Alumni sues College">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/10/04/news/suit/ | title = Divided Association of Alumni sues College | first = William | last = Schpero | work =The Dartmouth| date = August 20, 2008 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dolphins still winning, Jay Fiedler '94 still standing">{{cite news | url = http://www.buzzflood.org/index.php?itemid=523 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071213155620/http://www.buzzflood.org/index.php?itemid=523 | dead-url = yes | archive-date = December 13, 2007 | title = Dolphins still winning, Jay Fiedler '94 still standing | work = BuzzFlood | date = December 5, 2003 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Double Play: Women's Education and Anti-Slavery">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/Library_Bulletin/Apr1993/LB-A93-Close2.html | title = Double Play: Women's Education and Anti-Slavery | first = Virginia L | last = Close | work = Dartmouth College Library Bulletin |date = April 1993| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dr. Jim Yong Kim appointed 17th President of Dartmouth College">{{cite press release | title = Dr. Jim Yong Kim appointed 17th President of Dartmouth College | publisher = Dartmouth College | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2009/03/02.html | date = March 2, 2009 | accessdate = March 2, 2009 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090406210255/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2009/03/02.html | archivedate = April 6, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College">{{cite book | first = Dick | last = Hoefnagel |author2=Virginia L. Close | title = Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College | location = Hanover, New Hampshire | publisher = Durand Press for Hanover Historical Society | year = 2002 }}</ref>
<ref name="Eleazar Wheelock's Two Schools">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1999/Hoefnagel_Close.html | title = Eleazar Wheelock's Two Schools | first = Dick | last = Hoefnagel |author2=Virginia L. Close | work = Dartmouth College Library Bulletin |date=November 1999 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Fieldstock, chariots await town approval">{{cite news|url= http://thedartmouth.com/2006/07/27/news/fieldstock/|title= Fieldstock, chariots await town approval | work =The Dartmouth| first = Jennifer | last = Garfinkel|date = July 26, 2006|accessdate= August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="First SA meeting draws crowd">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/01/10/news/first/ | title = First SA meeting draws crowd | first = Allie | last = Lowe | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 10, 2007 | accessdate = January 24, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Follow-up on the news; Song out of tune with the times">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/01/us/follow-up-on-the-news-song-out-of-tune-with-the-times.html | title = Follow-up on the news; Song out of tune with the times | date = March 1, 1987 | work =The New York Times| accessdate = January 7, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Football star Nick Lowery to discuss community service Oct. 29 at Dartmouth">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/1998/oct98/lowery.html | title = Football star Nick Lowery to discuss community service Oct. 29 at Dartmouth | work = Dartmouth News | date = October 23, 1998 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152138/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/1998/oct98/lowery.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="GE's Jeffrey Immelt to speak at Dartmouth Entrepreneurship Conference">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2004/04/06.html | title = GE's Jeffrey Immelt to speak at Dartmouth Entrepreneurship Conference | first = Sue | last = Knapp | work = Dartmouth News | date = April 9, 2004 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060923074435/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2004/04/06.html | archivedate = September 23, 2006 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="General Academic Requirements for Graduation">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~ugar/premajor/faculty/handbook/generalreqs.html | title = General Academic Requirements for Graduation | publisher = First Year Office | accessdate = October 21, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="George Davis Snell">{{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/553_39.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013115215/http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/553_39.html | archivedate=October 13, 2007 | title = George Davis Snell | work =Encyclopædia Britannica| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gillian Apps">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=648509 | title = Gillian Apps | publisher = Big Green Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gold in Men's Eight, Bronze in Women's Double, Men's Four">{{cite news|url=https://www.tsn.ca/olympics/story/?id=246638&lid=headline&lpos=topStory_olympics|title=Gold in Men's Eight, Bronze in Women's Double, Men's Four|author=The Canadian Press|accessdate=August 18, 2008|date=August 18, 2008|publisher=The Sports Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522203616/http://www.tsn.ca/olympics/story/?id=246638&lid=headline&lpos=topStory_olympics|archive-date=May 22, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="Green Key History: Those Were the Days">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2004/05/11/green_key_history_those_were_the_days.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103451/http://dartreview.com/archives/2004/05/11/green_key_history_those_were_the_days.php | archivedate = October 23, 2007 | title = Green Key History: Those Were the Days | date = May 11, 2004 | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/halls/hallscontent1.html | first = Scott | last = Meacham | title = Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth | publisher = Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Hill Winds, Granite Brains, and Other Dartmouth Traditions">{{cite web|url=http://parents.dartmouth.edu/news_and_events/news_articles/traditions.html |title=Hill Winds, Granite Brains, and Other Dartmouth Traditions |work=Summer 2007 Newsletter |publisher=Dartmouth Parents & Grandparents |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706100958/http://parents.dartmouth.edu/news_and_events/news_articles/traditions.html |archivedate=July 6, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="History of CFS Organizations at Dartmouth">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~greeks/history.html |title=History of CFS Organizations at Dartmouth |publisher=Greek Leadership Council |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218111714/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~greeks/history.html |archivedate=February 18, 2008 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~hccweb/course/history.html |title=History |publisher=Hanover Country Club |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725020344/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~hccweb/course/history.html |archivedate=July 25, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="History-of-Dartmouth-Hanover">{{cite book|last=Chase|first=Frederick|author2=John King Lord|title=A History of Dartmouth College and the Town of Hanover, New Hampshire, Volume 2|publisher=J. Wilson, The Rumford Press|location=Concord, N.H.|year=1913|edition=1|page=373}}</ref>
<ref name="History6">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dickey/jsd_history.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070208150813/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dickey/jsd_history.html | archivedate = February 8, 2007 | title = History | publisher = The John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding | accessdate = November 20, 2007 }}</ref>
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<ref name="In charge at Hasbro">{{cite news|first=Paul |last=Grimaldi |title=In charge at Hasbro |work=The Providence Journal |date=May 20, 2008 |url=http://www.projo.com/news/content/NEW_HASBRO_GUY_GOLDNER_05-18-08_34A4F14_v157.2f745cb.html |accessdate=May 20, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709053629/http://www.projo.com/news/content/NEW_HASBRO_GUY_GOLDNER_05-18-08_34A4F14_v157.2f745cb.html |archivedate=July 9, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Ingraham '85 to speak on election">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2000/oct00/ingraham.html | title = Ingraham '85 to speak on election | work = Dartmouth News | date = October 6, 2006 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081209081129/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2000/oct00/ingraham.html | archivedate = December 9, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Interrogating the S.L.I.">{{cite news | title = Interrogating the S.L.I. | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/01/31/interrogating_the_sli.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103646/http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/01/31/interrogating_the_sli.php | archivedate = October 23, 2007 | date = January 30, 2005 | work =The Dartmouth Review| first = Joseph | last = Rago | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Interview with John Landis">{{cite news | url = http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-24340227_ITM| title = Interview with John Landis | work = [[CNN]] | date = August 29, 2003 | accessdate = February 12, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Ivy Leaguers' Big Edge: Starting Pay">{{cite news | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121746658635199271?mod=loomia&loomia_si=t0:a16:g2:r3:c0.0567859 | title = Ivy Leaguers' Big Edge: Starting Pay | first = Sarah E. | last = Needleman | date = July 31, 2008 | work =The Wall Street Journal| accessdate = August 2, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Ivy Rugby">{{cite web|url=http://www.ivyrugby.com/dartmouth-rugby/dartmouth-men|title=Dartmouth Men|publisher=Ivy Rugby Conference|accessdate=November 11, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="James O. Freedman">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~presoff/succession/freedman.html | title = James O. Freedman | publisher = Office of the President | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="James Panero">{{cite news | url = http://www.newcriterion.com/author.cfm?AuthorID=16 | title = James Panero | work = The New Criterion | accessdate = October 21, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Jeff Kemp">{{cite web|url=http://premierespeakers.com/2981/index.cfm |title=Jeff Kemp |publisher=Premiere Speakers Bureau |accessdate=December 10, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118192347/http://premierespeakers.com/2981/index.cfm |archivedate=November 18, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="John Sloan Dickey">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~presoff/succession/dickey.html | title = John Sloan Dickey | publisher = Office of the President | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="K. Berry Sharpless curriculum vitae">{{cite web | url = http://www.scripps.edu/chem/sharpless/cv.html | title = K. Berry Sharpless curriculum vitae | publisher = [[Scripps College]] | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Katie Weatherston">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=648492 | title = Katie Weatherston | publisher = Big Green Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Kemeny Hall and Haldeman Center">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~opdc/projects/kh/ | title = Kemeny Hall and Haldeman Center | publisher = Office of Planning, Design, and Construction | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Levi Woodbury">{{cite web | url = https://www.oyez.org/justices/levi_woodbury/ | title = Levi Woodbury | publisher = Oyez Supreme Court Media | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Library Holdings">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/library.pdf | title = Library Holdings | publisher = Dartmouth College Fact Book | accessdate = August 23, 2008 |format=PDF}}</ref>
<ref name="Many Bequests to Carity; Will of Dr. Ordronaux D ...">{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/03/29/104799904.pdf|title=Many Bequests to Charity; Will of Dr. Ordronaux D ... | work =The New York Times | accessdate = February 20, 2009 | format=PDF | date=March 29, 1908}}</ref>
<ref name="Maps and Directions">{{cite web | url = http://dms.dartmouth.edu/about/visitor.shtml | title = Maps and Directions | publisher = Dartmouth Medical School | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="McLaughlin Cluster Residence Halls">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~opdc/projects/mcl/ | title = McLaughlin Cluster Residence Halls | publisher = Office of Planning, Design, and Construction | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Members of the Matariki Network of Universities">{{cite web|url=http://www.matarikinetwork.com/members.html |title=Members of the Matariki Network of Universities |publisher=Matarikinetwork.com |accessdate=October 15, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Memorial Field">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590352 | title = Memorial Field | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208160616/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590352 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Mike Remlinger">{{cite web | url = http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/players/profile?statsId=4673 | title = Mike Remlinger | work =ESPN| accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="More GreenNews">{{cite web | url = http://alumni.dartmouth.edu/default.aspx?id=1084 | title = More GreenNews | publisher = Dartmouth Office of Alumni Relations | quote = Jake Hooker '95: ''New York Times'' reporter, wins 2008 Pulitzer Prize for journalism for investigative reporting on the flow of dangerous pharmaceutical ingredients from China into world market. (''New York Times'') | accessdate = November 30, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Mort Kondracke">{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,1255,00.html |title=Mort Kondracke |work=[[Fox News]] |date=September 19, 2006 |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907060234/http://foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C1255%2C00.html |archivedate=September 7, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="NCAA Champions from Dartmouth College">{{cite web | url = http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/documents/rb-0304-dartmouth.pdf | format = PDF | title = NCAA Champions from Dartmouth College | publisher = Ivy League Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20041031093713/http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/documents/rb-0304-dartmouth.pdf| archivedate = October 31, 2004}}</ref>
<ref name="Nanometer Pattern Generation System: Dartmouth Seal">{{cite web | first = Joe | last = Nabity | url = http://www.jcnabity.com/dartseal.htm | publisher = Dartmouth College | title = Nanometer Pattern Generation System: Dartmouth Seal | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="No Bridge Left Unburned: Rage at Dartmouth">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~thepress/read.php?id=819 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152346/http://dartmouth.edu/~thepress/read.php?id=819 | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = No Bridge Left Unburned: Rage at Dartmouth | first = Nicholas J | last = Santos | work = The Dartmouth Free Press | date = September 17, 2004 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Open Space Priorities Plan Summary">{{cite web|url=http://www.hanovernh.org/Pages/HanoverNH_BComm/conservationcomm/open/summary |title=Open Space Priorities Plan Summary |publisher=Planning and Zoning Department of the Town of Hanover, New Hampshire |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114144104/http://www.hanovernh.org/Pages/HanoverNH_BComm/conservationcomm/open/summary |archivedate=January 14, 2012 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Oren B. Cheney">{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/oren-cheney.xml |title=Oren B. Cheney |publisher=Bates College |accessdate=December 10, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015233832/http://www.bates.edu/oren-cheney.xml |archivedate=October 15, 2006 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="Out of the Woods">{{cite news | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,829487,00.html | title = Out of the Woods | work =Time | date = November 23, 1962 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Owen Chamberlain">{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1959/chamberlain-bio.html | title = Owen Chamberlain | publisher = Nobel Foundation | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Past Presidents of Union">{{cite web|url=http://www.union.edu/about/leadership/presidents/index.php |title=Past Presidents of Union |publisher=Union College |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319151023/http://www.union.edu/about/leadership/presidents/index.php |archivedate=March 19, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Philander Chase">{{cite web | url = http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=93 | title = Philander Chase | work = Ohio History Central | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="President Wright to step down in June 2009">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2008/02/04/news/wright/ | title = President Wright to step down in June 2009 | first = Allie | last = Lowe | date = February 4, 2008 | work =The Dartmouth| accessdate = February 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Professor, Outdoorsman, Now a Novelist—Norman Maclean 'Finds Life Again' at 73">{{cite news | url = http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20067215,00.html | title = Professor, Outdoorsman, Now a Novelist—Norman Maclean 'Finds Life Again' at 73 | first = Giovanna | last = Breu | date = December 13, 1976 | work = People | accessdate = December 7, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Programs List All">{{cite web | url = http://ocp-prod.dartmouth.edu/ocp/prod/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.Home | title = Programs – List All | publisher = Off-Campus Programs| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="RabiStern">{{cite web|url=http://huc.edu/newspubs/pressroom/07/7/stern.shtml|title=Rabbi David E. Stern Endowed Scholarship Established at HUC-JIR|publisher=Hebrew Union College|accessdate=February 8, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110220016/http://www.huc.edu/newspubs/pressroom/07/7/stern.shtml|archivedate=November 10, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics">{{cite web |url=http://www.uoguelph.ca/~tstengos/eearank93.pdf |first=Pantelis |last=Kalaitzidakis |first2=Theofanis P. |last2=Mamuneas |first3=Thanasis |last3=Stengos |title=Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics |format=PDF |date=June 2003 |publisher=University of Guelph |accessdate=December 28, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821215814/http://www.uoguelph.ca/~tstengos/eearank93.pdf |archivedate=August 21, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Reagan's Disappearing Bureaucrats">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/14/magazine/reagan-s-disappearing-bureaucrats.html | title = Reagan's Disappearing Bureaucrats | work =The New York Times| first = Phillip | last = Longman | date = February 14, 1988 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Remarks at the Dartmouth College Commencement Ceremony in Hanover, New Hampshire">{{cite web | url = http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/print.php?pid=51477 | first = William J. | last = Clinton | title = Remarks at the Dartmouth College Commencement Ceremony in Hanover, New Hampshire | publisher = The American Presidency Project | date = June 11, 1995 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Richard Eberhart">{{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/177576/Richard-Eberhart | title = Richard Eberhart | work = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Robinson Hall">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/robinson.html | title = Robinson Hall | publisher = Collis Center & Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Rugby Fires It Up With New Clubhouse">{{cite web | title = Rugby Fires It Up With New Clubhouse | first = Thomas | last = Monahan | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/10/07/rugby_fires_it_up_with_new_clubhouse.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071118204145/http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/10/07/rugby_fires_it_up_with_new_clubhouse.php | archivedate = November 18, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Salmon P. Chase">{{cite web|url=http://www.tulane.edu/~latner/Chase.html |title=Salmon P. Chase |publisher=[[Tulane University]] |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231131605/http://www.tulane.edu/~latner/Chase.html |archivedate=December 31, 2006 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="Second College Grant">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~doc/secondcollegegrant/ | title = Second College Grant | publisher = Dartmouth Outing Club | accessdate = August 20, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Senior and Undergraduate Society Administration">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~orl/greek-soc/societies/ | title = Senior and Undergraduate Society Administration | publisher = Office of Residential Life | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Six to receive Social Justice Awards">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~vox/0405/0110/awards.html | title = Six to receive Social Justice Awards | first = Laurel | last = Stavis | work = Vox of Dartmouth | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="SolSpaldingAlum">{{cite book|last=Persuitte|first=David|title=Joseph Smith and the origins of the Book of Mormon|publisher=McFarland|year=2000|edition=2|page=277|isbn=978-0-7864-0826-9|url=https://books.google.com/?id=5Zx9qOay304C&pg=PA277}}</ref>
<ref name="Sports Roundup">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dartlife/archives/14-3/sports.html | title = Sports Roundup | publisher = Dartmouth Life | first = Matt | last = Dougherty |date=June 2004 | accessdate = August 9, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Sports: One on One">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2006/11/13/sportsweekly/one | title = Sports: One on One | first = John | last = Mitchell | work =The Dartmouth| date = November 13, 2006 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
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<ref name="Straight from the Tap: the men behind the mascot">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/01/05/arts/straight/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013115341/http://thedartmouth.com/2007/01/05/arts/straight/ | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = Straight from the Tap: the men behind the mascot | first = Kelsey | last=Blodget | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 5, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Stuart Kauffman">{{cite web | url = http://www.esalenctr.org/display/bio.cfm?ID=37 | title = Stuart Kauffman | publisher = Esalen Center for Theory & Research | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Student Life">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/generalinfo/stulife/index.html | title = Student Life | publisher = Admissions and Financial Aid | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The 'Big Green' Nickname">{{cite news | url = http://dartmouthsports.xosn.com/ViewArticle.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590538 | title = The 'Big Green' Nickname | publisher = DartmouthSports.com | date = January 10, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Alumni Constitution, in Brief">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/01/the_alumni_constitution_in_brief.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013162443/http://dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/01/the_alumni_constitution_in_brief.php | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = The Alumni Constitution, in Brief | first = Emily | last = Ghods-Esfahani | work =The Dartmouth Review| date = October 11, 2006 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Arts">{{cite web|url=http://graduate.dartmouth.edu/studentlife/fun/arts.html |title=The Arts |publisher=Graduate Studies |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127233038/http://graduate.dartmouth.edu/studentlife/fun/arts.html |archivedate=January 27, 2012 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="The Banning of the Indian">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/1998/12/15/the_banning_of_the_indian.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071227210646/http://dartreview.com/archives/1998/12/15/the_banning_of_the_indian.php | archivedate = December 27, 2007 | title = The Banning of the Indian | date = December 15, 1998 | first = Jeffrey | last = Hart | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Bibliography of Vermont: Or, A List of Books and Pamphlets Relating">{{cite book | last = Gilman | first = Marcus | title = The Bibliography of Vermont: Or, A List of Books and Pamphlets Relating | publisher = The Free Press Association | year = 1897 | oclc = 04072330 | page = 279}}</ref>
<ref name="The Campus">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/campus.html |title=The Campus |publisher=Dartmouth College |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615134413/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/campus.html |archivedate=June 15, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">{{cite web|url=http://carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/ |title=The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education |publisher=The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822012422/http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/ |archivedate=August 22, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The College on the Hill: A Dartmouth Chronicle">{{cite book | last = Hill | first = Ralph Nading | year = 1965 | title = The College on the Hill: A Dartmouth Chronicle | location = Hanover, New Hampshire | publisher = Dartmouth Publications | pages = 259–260 |lccn=65002598}}</ref>
<ref name="The Dartmouth Green: A Walking Tour of Dartmouth">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~tour/walking/18green.html | publisher = Dartmouth College | title = The Dartmouth Green: A Walking Tour of Dartmouth | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152351/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~tour/walking/18green.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="The Hopkins Center Turns 40">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2002/nov/110402b.html | title = The Hopkins Center Turns 40 | first = Tamara | last = Steinert | work = Dartmouth News | date = November 4, 2002 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011090847/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2002/nov/110402b.html | archivedate = October 11, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="The Networked World: Are We Ready For It?">{{cite news|url=http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/58/ |title=The Networked World: Are We Ready For It? |work=MIT World |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013193014/http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/58/ |archivedate=October 13, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2005">{{cite web | url = http://www.pulitzer.org/year/2005/investigative-reporting/bio/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071114212535/http://www.pulitzer.org/year/2005/investigative-reporting/bio/ | archivedate=November 14, 2007 | title = The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2005 | publisher = The Pulitzer Prizes | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Woodward Succession: A Brief History of the Dartmouth College Library, 1769–2002">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/digital/collections/ocm51588830/ocm51588830.html |title=The Woodward Succession: A Brief History of the Dartmouth College Library, 1769–2002 |author=Krieger, Lois A. |publisher=Dartmouth College |year=2002 |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118162108/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/digital/collections/ocm51588830/ocm51588830.html |archivedate=January 18, 2012 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="grey">{{cite news | url = http://dartmed.dartmouth.edu/fall05/html/vs_greys.php | title = This ''Grey's Anatomy'' isn't gross—but it's a textbook case of a hit show | work = Dartmouth Medical Magazine | date = Fall 2005 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Thompson Arena">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590355 | title = Thompson Arena | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Tinker, Grant">{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/T/htmlT/tinkergrant/tinkergrant.htm |accessdate=March 28, 2007 |title=Tinker, Grant |publisher=Museum of Broadcast Communications |first=Susan |last=McLeland |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207125256/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/T/htmlT/tinkergrant/tinkergrant.htm |archivedate=February 7, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="About Dartmouth">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/facts.html |title=About Dartmouth |accessdate=February 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118181818/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/facts.html |archivedate=January 18, 2012 }}</ref>
<ref name="Town, College Weigh Tubestock Changes">{{cite news| url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2007/08/05/town_college_weigh_tubestock_changes.php| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103421/http://dartreview.com/archives/2007/08/05/town_college_weigh_tubestock_changes.php| archivedate = October 23, 2007 | title = Town, College Weigh Tubestock Changes | first = Samuel | last = Fisher | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Transgenders try to navigate Greek system">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/05/03/news/transgender/ | title = Transgenders try to navigate Greek system | first = Amanda | last = Cohen | date = May 3, 2007 | work =The Dartmouth| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Types of Programs">{{cite web | url = http://ocp-prod.dartmouth.edu/ocp/prod/index.cfm?FuseAction=Abroad.ViewLink&Parent_ID=0&Link_ID=CF68AA77-C37A-2F74-CCDEF6D70AE63083# | title = Types of Programs | publisher = Off-Campus Programs| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Undergraduate Majors">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/academics_research/undergraduate_majors.html | title = Undergraduate Majors | publisher = Dartmouth College| accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080529033719/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/academics_research/undergraduate_majors.html| archivedate = May 29, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Undergraduate Student Mail">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~fom/services/mail/undergraduatestudentmail.html | title = Undergraduate Student Mail | publisher = Facilities Operations and Management | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Vita for Dr. Jeffrey Weeks">{{cite web|url=http://web.usna.navy.mil/~wdj/colloq/michelson_2005-2006.html |publisher=Division of Mathematics & Science, United States Naval Academy |title=Vita for Dr. Jeffrey Weeks |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013115551/http://web.usna.navy.mil/~wdj/colloq/michelson_2005-2006.html |archivedate=October 13, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="WSJ Ranking the Colleges">{{cite news|url=http://wsjclassroom.com/pdfs/wsj_college_092503.pdf |title=WSJ Ranking the Colleges |year=2003 |accessdate=December 3, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325165556/http://www.wsjclassroom.com/pdfs/wsj_college_092503.pdf |archivedate=March 25, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="WSJ's Rago Wins Pulitzer Prize">{{cite news | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703916004576271222668393848|title=WSJ's Rago Wins Pulitzer Prize|date=April 19, 2011|publisher=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=October 21, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Wabash College: The First Hundred Years, 1832–1932">{{cite book | last = Osborne | first = James Insley |author2=Theodore Gregory Gronert | title = Wabash College: The First Hundred Years, 1832–1932 | publisher = R. E. Banta | location = [[Crawfordsville, Indiana]] | year = 1932 | page = 31}}</ref>
<ref name="Wall Street, Aneurysms and Explanatory Writing: An Interview With Thomas Burton '71">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dujs/2004F/Burton.pdf | format = PDF | title = Wall Street, Aneurysms and Explanatory Writing: An Interview With Thomas Burton '71 | first = Meredith | last = Curtis | work = Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science | date = Fall 2004 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="What is the Ivy League?">{{cite web | url = http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/whatisivy/index.asp | title = What is the Ivy League? | publisher = Ivy League Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080428083826/http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/whatisivy/index.asp| archivedate = April 28, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="What percentage of Dartmouth students play a varsity sport?">{{cite web | url = http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/athletics/12.html | title = What percentage of Dartmouth students play a varsity sport? | work = Ask Dartmouth | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = September 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="When did Dartmouth become co-educational?">{{cite web | url = http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/stulife/11.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070625061943/http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/stulife/11.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = June 25, 2007 | publisher = Dartmouth College | title = When did Dartmouth become co-educational? | work = AskDartmouth | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Who's Who & What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~drseuss/ |title=Who's Who & What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss |first=Edward Connery |last=Lathem |date=November 2000 |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807045214/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~drseuss/ |archivedate=August 7, 2008 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="William Jewell Honors Kansas City Business Leaders with Yates Medal">{{cite news|url=http://campus.jewell.edu/contacts/headlines/headline_371.html |title=William Jewell Honors Kansas City Business Leaders with Yates Medal |first=Rob |last=Eisele |publisher=[[William Jewell College]] |date=August 26, 1998 |accessdate=December 10, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212105620/http://campus.jewell.edu/contacts/headlines/headline_371.html |archivedate=February 12, 2005 }}</ref>
<ref name="William Jewett Tucker">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~presoff/succession/tucker.html | title = William Jewett Tucker | publisher = Office of the President | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Working Rules and Procedures">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~reg/regulations/undergrad/working-rules.html | title = Working Rules and Procedures | publisher = Office of the Registrar | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="abc-greek">{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/25/AR2007052500108.html | publisher = Washington Post | title = Conservatives Gain Ground at Dartmouth: Dartmouth Alumni Elect Conservatives to Trustees Amid Struggle to Change College's Direction | date = May 25, 2007 | first = Katharine | last = Webster | agency = Associated Press | accessdate = October 21, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="about-dartmouth-athletics">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=584935 | title = About Dartmouth Athletics | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161628/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=584935 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/facts.html |title=About Dartmouth: Facts |publisher=Dartmouth College |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527022923/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/facts.html |archivedate=May 27, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="about-nap">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~nap/about/ | title = About the Native American Program | publisher = Native American Program | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="ad-green">{{cite web | url = http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/stulife/19.html | title = Is "The Big Green" really Dartmouth's mascot? If so, where does it come from and what does it mean? | work = AskDartmouth | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="bgtf">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=48808&SPID=4706&DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=588599 | title = Men's Track & Field Olympians | publisher = Big Green Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="carnegiefoundation">{{cite web|url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=182670|title=Carnegie Classifications | Institution Profile |publisher=Classifications.carnegiefoundation.org |date= |accessdate=October 15, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="charter">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/charter/charter.html | title = The Charter of Dartmouth College | publisher = Dartmo.com | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="chi">{{cite web | url = http://chi.gospelcom.net/DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-30-2002.shtml | archiveurl = https://archive.is/20080407201012/http://chi.gospelcom.net/DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-30-2002.shtml | archivedate = April 7, 2008 | title = Samson Occom | publisher = Christian History Institute | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="christian">{{cite news | first = Christian | last = Weeks | title = Hank Paulson '68, Business Big Shot | work = BuzzFlood | date = October 5, 2005 }}</ref>
<ref name="collections">Dartmouth College, Trustees' Records, 1:26. Dartmouth College Library, Special Collections, DA-1.</ref>
<ref name="d-maps">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~maps/ | title = Dartmouth Maps | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="d-plan-admin">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/generalinfo/overview/dplan.html | title = D-Plan | publisher = Admissions and Financial Aid| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="daem">{{cite web|url=http://alum.dartmouthentertainment.org/ |title=Dartmouth Alumni in Entertainment and Media Association |accessdate=December 10, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212215659/http://alum.dartmouthentertainment.org/ |archivedate=February 12, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="dart-pres">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/DartmouthPresidents.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061207191931/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/DartmouthPresidents.shtml | archivedate = December 7, 2006 | title = Presidents of Dartmouth College | publisher = Rauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="dartmo-green">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/buildings/ghijkbldg.html#thegreen | title = The Green | work = Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050208010609/http://www.dartmo.com/buildings/ghijkbldg.html#thegreen | archivedate = February 8, 2005 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth-pdf">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/pdfs/gib-completebook.pdf |title=Pamphlet |publisher=Dartmouth College |format=PDF |accessdate=August 22, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927154156/http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/pdfs/gib-completebook.pdf |archivedate=September 27, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth3">''Dartmouth Outing Guide'' p. 56.</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth5">{{cite web|url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2011/07/leading-voices-lecturer-robert-reich-68/|title=Leading Voices Lecturer: Robert Reich '68|date=July 20, 2011|publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=October 21, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406233636/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2011/07/leading-voices-lecturer-robert-reich-68/|archivedate=April 6, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth7">[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2006/11/21a.html Dartmouth News] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206144751/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2006/11/21a.html |date=February 6, 2007 }}, "Dartmouth acquires Budd Schulberg '36 papers"</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth8">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dartlife/archives/14-3/fox.html |title=Dartmouth Grad Named New UCSD Chancellor |publisher=Dartmouth.edu |accessdate=September 22, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouthclub">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.org/clubs/washdc/congress.html | title = Members of Congress | publisher = Dartmouth Club of Washington, D.C. | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouthsports">{{cite news | title = Ivy Football Association To Honor Reggie Williams '76 | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=698693 | work = Big Green Sports | date = January 12, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="dcaf">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=576518 | title = Dartmouth College Athletic Facilities | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161621/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=576518 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="good">{{cite journal | first = Jonathan | last = Good | title = Notes from the Special Collections: The Dartmouth College Seal | work = Dartmouth College Library Bulletin | issue = NS 37 |date=April 1997 | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/Library_Bulletin/Apr1997/Good.html | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="greencolor">{{cite web | url = http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/misc/22.html | title = Why is green Dartmouth's color? | work = AskDartmouth | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="history-lesson">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/rauner/dartmouth/dartmouth_history.html | title = A Dartmouth History Lesson for Freshman | first = Francis Lane | last = Childs | work = Dartmouth Alumni Magazine |date=December 1957 | accessdate = February 12, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="homecoming-history">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/10/21/a_history_of_homecoming.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013162436/http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/10/21/a_history_of_homecoming.php | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = A History of Homecoming | first = Joseph | last = Rago | date = October 21, 2005 | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="hop-info">{{cite web | url = http://hop.dartmouth.edu/about/gen-info.html | title = General Information & History | publisher = Hopkins Center for the Arts | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225225610/http://hop.dartmouth.edu/about/gen-info.html| archivedate = February 25, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="ihe-alum">{{cite news | url = http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/09/10/dartmouth | title = Dartmouth Approves Controversial Board Changes | first = Scott | last = Jaschik | work = Inside Higher Education | date = September 10, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="irs">{{cite web|url= http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2005/020/222/2005-020222111-02604b96-9.pdf|format=PDF|title=2005 Form 990|publisher= GuideStar.org|accessdate=August 23, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="kemeny-bio">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/features/succession/kemeny.html | title = The Wheelock Succession of Dartmouth Presidents: John G. Kemeny, 1970–1981 | work = Dartmouth News | accessdate = May 12, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080908044948/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/features/succession/kemeny.html | archivedate = September 8, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="navyarchives-v-12">{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html |title=Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel |publisher=National Archives |last= |first= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |year=2011}}</ref>
<ref name="nhspe">{{cite news | url = http://www.nhspe.org/pages/observer/Feb_3.pdf | format = PDF | title = Dartmouth College's Berry/Baker Library | work = The Observer | publisher = New Hampshire Society of Professional Engineers |date = February 2003| accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625151916/http://www.nhspe.org/pages/observer/Feb_3.pdf| archivedate = June 25, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="nlestk">{{cite web | url = http://thedartmouth.com/ | title = The Dartmouth | publisher = The Dartmouth | accessdate = January 27, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="orl">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~orl/housing/intro.html | title = Introduction: Housing on Campus | publisher = Office of Residential Life | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="politicalstudies">{{cite web|url=http://www.politicalstudies.org/pdf/psr/hix.pdf |title=psr_11 |accessdate=December 21, 2004 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041221043317/http://www.politicalstudies.org/pdf/psr/hix.pdf |archivedate=December 21, 2004 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="requirements">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~reg/regulations/undergrad/degree-req.html | title = Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts | publisher = Office of the Registrar | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="rscl">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/AlmaMater.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080116122524/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/AlmaMater.shtml | archivedate = January 16, 2008 | title = The Alma Mater | first = Barbara L. | last = Krieger | publisher = Dartmouth College Library Rauner Special Collections Library | accessdate = January 7, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="steph">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2006/05/19/opinion/stephs/ | title = Steph's So Dartmouth | work =The Dartmouth| date = May 19, 2006 | first = Stephanie | last = Herbert | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="strategyplus">{{cite web | url = http://www.strategyplus.org/calendar_details.php?ID=57 | title = Richard "Sandy" Alderson, Chief Executive Officer, San Diego Padres | publisher = Association for Strategic Planning | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013115523/http://strategyplus.org/calendar_details.php?ID=57| archivedate = October 13, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="tdr-wc">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2007/02/11/winter_carnival_stories_of_the_mardi_gras_of_the_north.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103837/http://dartreview.com/archives/2007/02/11/winter_carnival_stories_of_the_mardi_gras_of_the_north.php | archivedate = October 23, 2007 | title = Winter Carnival: Stories of the Mardi Gras of the North | date = February 11, 2007 | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="thed-olymp-ath">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2006/01/09/sportsweekly/dartmouth/ | title = Dartmouth athletes gear up for Olympic competition | first = Jordan | last = Rose | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 9, 2006 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="thedartmouth">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2008/01/23/news/campaign/ | title = Capital campaign hits $1 billion benchmark | first = Michael | last = Coburn | date = January 23, 2008 | work =The Dartmouth| accessdate = February 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="thedartmouth1">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/05/04/news/capitalcampaign/ | title = 65 percent done, $1.3 billion capital campaign right on track | first = JR | last = Santo | date = May 4, 2007 | work =The Dartmouth| accessdate = February 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="thedartmouth2">{{cite web|url=http://thedartmouth.com/2008/06/27/news/lawsuit/ |title=Lawsuit against College dismissed |publisher=TheDartmouth.com |date=June 27, 2008 |accessdate=September 22, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="thedartmouth4">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2010/04/19/sportsweekly/centerfold|title=It's not easy being Green|publisher=The Dartmouth|date=April 29, 2010|author=Buck, Caroline|accessdate=October 21, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="trd-wheelock">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/01/the_wheelock_succession.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103341/http://dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/01/the_wheelock_succession.php | archivedate = October 23, 2007 | title = The Wheelock Succession | work =The Dartmouth Review| first = Aziz G. | last = Sayigh |author2=Boris V. Vabson | date = October 1, 2006 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="tuck-campus">{{cite web|url=http://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/about/campus/index.html |title=Our Campus |publisher=Tuck School of Business |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615134059/http://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/about/campus/index.html |archivedate=June 15, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="usatf.org">{{cite web | url = http://www.usatf.org/athletes/bios/Nelson_Adam.asp | title = Adam Nelson | publisher = USA Track & Field, Inc. | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="usnwr-aag">{{cite web |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_2573_brief.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070918113857/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_2573_brief.php|archivedate=September 18, 2007|title= Dartmouth College: At a Glance|work=U.S. News & World Report |accessdate=September 19, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="uspatent">{{cite web | url = http://www.uspto.gov/main/trademarks.htm | title = United States Patent and Trademark Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
}}
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Behrens, Richard K., "From the Connecticut Valley to the West Coast: The Role of Dartmouth College in the Building of the Nation," ''Historical New Hampshire,'' 63 (Spring 2009), 45–68.
* {{cite book|last=Chase|first=Frederick|author2=John King Lord|title=A History of Dartmouth College and the Town of Hanover, New Hampshire, Volume 2|publisher=J. Wilson, The Rumford Press|location=Concord, N.H.|year=1913|edition=1|oclc=11267716}} ''([https://books.google.com/books?id=F8KEAAAAIAAJ&dq=A%20history%20of%20Dartmouth%20College%20and%20the%20town%20of%20Hanover%2C%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20Volume%202 Read and download public domain copy via Google Books].)''
* {{cite book | title = Dartmouth Outing Guide | publisher = [[Dartmouth Outing Club]] | year = 2004 | edition = Fifth | first = Chuck | last = Drake }}
* {{cite book | title = The Dartmouth Story: A Narrative History of the College Buildings, People, and Legends | publisher = Dartmouth Bookstore | year = 1990 | first = Robert B. | last = Graham }}
* {{cite book | first = Scott L. | last = Glabe | title = Dartmouth College: Off the Record | publisher = College Prowler | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-1-59658-038-1}}
* {{cite book | first = Molly K. | last = Hughes |author2=Susan Berry | title = Forever Green: The Dartmouth College Campus—An arboretum of Northern Trees | publisher = Enfield Books | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-1-893598-01-0}}
* {{cite book | first = Leon B. | last = Richardson | title = History of Dartmouth College | publisher = Dartmouth College Publications | year = 1932 | oclc = 12157587 }}
* [http://www.artseditor.com/html/features/0509_concha.shtml ''Listen, Look, Likeness: examining the portraits of Félix de la Concha''] 2009 ArtsEditor.com article
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Wikisource}}
{{commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://www.dartmouthsports.com/ Dartmouth Athletics website]
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{{Dartmouth College}}
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[[Category:Dartmouth College|*]]
[[Category:1769 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies]]
[[Category:Colonial colleges]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1760s]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Grafton County, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in New Hampshire]]
[[Category:V-12 Navy College Training Program]]
[[Category:Tribal colleges and universities]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Dartmouth College
| image = Dartmouth College shield.svg
| image_upright = 0.8
| latin_name = Collegium Dartmuthense
| motto = {{lang-la|Vox clamantis in deserto}}
| mottoeng = A voice crying out in the wilderness<ref name="at a glance">{{cite web|url=https://dartmouth.edu/dartmouth-glance |title=Dartmouth at a Glance|publisher=Dartmouth College |accessdate=November 28, 2015}}</ref>
| type = [[Private university|Private]] [[Doctoral university|research]] [[university]]
| established = {{start date|1769|12|13}}<ref name=bioEarl>[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=8r3mgJPY4twC&lpg=PA104&pg=PA108&q=Earl%20of%20Dartmouth%20de%20lega Sketches of the alumni of Dartmouth college], Page 108, The New Hampshire Repository, Volumes 1-2, William Cogswell, Publisher:Alfred Prescott, 1846</ref>
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist| [[University of the Arctic]]| [[Matariki Network of Universities]]| [[568 Group]]| [[National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities|NAICU]]| [[University Press of New England|UPNE]]}}
| endowment = [[US$]]5.5 billion<ref>As of September 14, 2018. {{cite web |url=http://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2018/09/endowment-hits-all-time-high |title=Endowment Hits All-Time High of $5.5 Billion |publisher=Dartmouth News |year=2018}}</ref> (2018)
| president = [[Philip J. Hanlon]]
| provost = Joseph Helble<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2018/10/joseph-helble-dartmouth-running-and-becoming-provost |title=Joseph Helble on Dartmouth, Running, and Becoming Provost |publisher=The Dartmouth |year=2018}}</ref>
| academic_staff = 750 total (Spring 2017)<br>594 full-time<br>156 part-time<ref name=Enrollment>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/cds_2016-2017.pdf |title=Dartmouth Factbook – Enrollment |publisher=Dartmouth Office of Institutional Research |access-date=May 9, 2017}}</ref>
| students = 6,409 (Spring 2017)<ref name=Enrollment/>
| undergrad = 4,310 (Spring 2017)<ref name=Enrollment/>
| postgrad = 2,099 (Spring 2017)<ref name=Enrollment/>
| city = [[Hanover, New Hampshire|Hanover]]
| state = [[New Hampshire]]
| country = United States
| coordinates = {{Coord|43|42|12|N|72|17|18|W|type:edu_region:US-NH|display=inline,title}}
| campus = [[Rural area|Rural]], [[college town]]; total {{convert|31869|acre|km2}}
| free_label = Academic term
| free = [[Academic quarter (year division)|Quarter]]
| colors = [[Dartmouth green]]<ref>{{cite manual |title=Dartmouth Visual Identity Guidelines |url=http://communications.dartmouth.edu/sites/communications.dartmouth.edu/files/dartmouth_guidelines_web_final.pdf |date=January 27, 2018 |accessdate=February 5, 2018}}</ref> {{color box|#00693E}}
| athletics_nickname = [[Dartmouth Big Green|Big Green]]
| sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Division I]] – [[Ivy League]], [[ECAC Hockey]]
| website = {{url|dartmouth.edu}}
| logo = Dartmouth College logo.svg
| logo_size = 250
}}
'''Dartmouth College''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɑr|t|m|ə|θ}} {{respell|DART|məth}}) is a [[Private university|private]] [[Ivy League]] [[Doctoral university|research university]] in [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], United States. Established in 1769 by [[Eleazar Wheelock]], it is the [[List of Colonial Colleges|ninth-oldest institution]] of [[higher education]] in the United States and one of the nine [[colonial colleges]] chartered before the [[American Revolution]].<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/> Although founded as a school to educate [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] in Christian theology and the [[Culture of England|English way of life]], Dartmouth primarily trained [[Congregationalism in the United States|Congregationalist]] ministers throughout its early history. The university gradually secularized, and by the turn of the 20th century rose from relative obscurity into national prominence as one of the top centers of higher education.<ref name="history-lesson"/><ref name="About Dartmouth – History"/><ref name="Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College"/><ref name="trd-wheelock"/><ref name="Booz Allen Hamilton Lists the World's Most Enduring Institutions"/><ref name="britannica">{{cite web|title=Dartmouth College|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dartmouth-College|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=November 18, 2014|quote="Dartmouth is regarded as one of the most innovative liberal arts colleges in the United States. The school concentrates primarily on undergraduate education with small classes, numerous seminars, and close student-teacher contact, but Dartmouth is also well known for the quality of its professional schools ..."}}</ref><ref name="encyclopedia">{{cite web |title=Dartmouth College|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/education/colleges-us/dartmouth-college |publisher=Encyclopedia.com|quote="Building on the strong foundations and rich traditions laid down by the Wheelocks, Nathan Lord and his successors embarked on a broad program of expansion that, before the end of the century, gave Dartmouth a greatly increased endowment, additional buildings, an observatory, and a strong faculty. It was not until the twentieth century that Dartmouth experienced its greatest growth. After the 1890s, the number of students increased tenfold, stabilizing at about three thousand by the mid-1900s. Endowment, faculty, and the physical plant increased accordingly. A center for the arts, facilities for graduate work in a number of fields, and an extensive research library were added."}}</ref>
Following a [[Liberal arts education|liberal arts]] curriculum, the university provides undergraduate instruction in 40 academic departments and [[Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] programs including 57 [[Academic major|majors]] in the [[humanities]], [[social sciences]], [[natural science]]s, and [[engineering]], and enables students to design specialized concentrations or engage in [[Double degree|dual degree]] programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dartmouth.edu/education/departments-programs-arts-sciences |title=Departments & Programs—Arts & Sciences|publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Dartmouth comprises five constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the [[Geisel School of Medicine]], the [[Thayer School of Engineering]], the [[Tuck School of Business]], and the [[Dartmouth School of Graduate and Advanced Studies|Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies]].<ref name="usnwr-aag" /> The university also has affiliations with the [[Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center]], the [[Nelson A. Rockefeller#Memorials to Nelson A. Rockefeller|Rockefeller Institute for Public Policy]], and the [[Hopkins Center for the Arts]]. With a student enrollment of about 6,400, Dartmouth is the smallest university in the [[Ivy League]]. Undergraduate admissions is highly competitive, with an acceptance rate of 8.7% for the Class of 2022.<ref name="dartmouth6">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2018/03/college-admits-record-low-percent-to-the-class-of-2022|title=Dartmouth College admits record low percent to class of 2022|last=|first=|date=|website=The Dartmouth|access-date=}}</ref>
Situated on a hill above the [[Connecticut River]], Dartmouth's 269-acre [[Campus of Dartmouth College|main campus]] is in the rural [[Connecticut River|Upper Valley]] region of [[New England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dartmouth.edu/life-community/explore-green |title=Explore the Green|publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=June 15, 2017}}</ref> The university functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dartmouth.edu/education/undergraduate-experience/flexible-study-plan|title=A Flexible Study Plan|publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref> Dartmouth is known for its undergraduate focus, strong [[Dartmouth College Greek organizations|Greek culture]], and wide array of enduring [[Dartmouth College traditions|campus traditions]].<ref name="abc-greek" /><ref name="A Frat Party Is:; a) Milk and Cookies; b) Beer Pong" /><ref name="Hill Winds, Granite Brains, and Other Dartmouth Traditions" /> Its 34 varsity sports teams compete intercollegiately in the [[Ivy League]] conference of the [[NCAA Division I]].
Dartmouth is consistently included among the highest-ranked universities in the United States by several institutional rankings,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-2573 |title=Dartmouth College |website=US News & World Report |publisher=US News & World Report |access-date=September 12, 2017}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2017-09-05/2018-best-colleges-preview-top-10-best-value-schools|title=Top 10 Best Value Schools|newspaper=US News & World Report|access-date=September 5, 2017}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/colleges/dartmouth-college/|title=Dartmouth College|newspaper=Forbes|access-date=November 25, 2016}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/dartmouth-college#ranking-dataset/589595 |title=Dartmouth College|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en-US|access-date=November 25, 2016}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.niche.com/colleges/dartmouth-college/|title=Dartmouth College|website=Niche|language=en-US|access-date=June 15, 2017}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.princetonreview.com/schools/1023117/college/dartmouth-college|title=Dartmouth College|website=Princeton Review|language=en-US|access-date=June 19, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Top 25 Private Colleges In The U.S. 2017|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickfederle/2017/08/02/top-25-private-colleges-in-the-u-s-2017/#61574ce362d3|website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=August 2, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Dartmouth College Ranks in the Top 20 Nationwide in 2017 Analysis |url=http://www.collegefactual.com/colleges/dartmouth-college/news/top-college-2017-best-colleges/ |website=collegefactual.com |publisher=College Factual|accessdate=March 12, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=10 Expensive Colleges Worth Every Penny 2017|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nataliesportelli/2017/04/26/10-expensive-colleges-worth-every-penny-2017/#45acb9195f6a|website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=April 26, 2016}}
* {{cite web|title=The 28 Schools That Mint The Most Billionaire Alumni|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2016/07/06/the-28-schools-that-mint-the-most-billionaire-alumni/#6b54c3b3d601|website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=July 6, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=These 20 Colleges Produce The Most Millionaire Alumni |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nickmorrison/2016/08/18/these-colleges-produce-the-most-millionaire-alumni/#9c0ae9172928 |website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=August 18, 2016}}
* {{cite web|title=2017 Grateful Grads Index: Top 200 Best-Loved Colleges|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/schifrin/2017/08/02/2017-grateful-grads-index-top-200-best-loved-colleges/#71eaf202128e|website=forbes.com|publisher=Forbes|accessdate=August 2, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Dartmouth Tops the Ivy League in Nature’s 2017 Innovation Index |url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2017/08/dartmouth-tops-ivy-league-natures-2017-innovation-index |website=news.dartmouth.com |publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=August 9, 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=Top Colleges Doing the Most for the American Dream|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/25/sunday-review/opinion-pell-table.html|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=May 25, 2017}}</ref> and has been cited as a leading university for undergraduate teaching and research by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Best Universities For Undergraduate Teaching|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/19/best-universities-teaching-us-news-2013_n_4629232.html |website=huffingtonpost.com|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=January 19, 2014}}"Dartmouth College is the best university for undergraduate teaching ... still. For the fifth year in a row, Dartmouth was named No. 1 in U.S. News & World Report's ranking of universities that offer the best undergraduate teaching."</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://naspa.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00091383.1981.9936972?journalCode=vchn20 |title = A New Study of Excellence in Undergraduate Education |journal = Change: the Magazine of Higher Learning |volume = 13 |issue = 6 |pages = 22 | publisher = Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning | date = July 9, 2010 |doi = 10.1080/00091383.1981.9936972 |last1 = Solmon |first1 = Lewis C |last2 = Astin |first2 = Alexander W }}; "As shown by its high placement in annual ''U.S. News & World Report'' rankings, Dartmouth's commitment to undergraduate education is top-notch, the college offering unique academic and research opportunities for students during their course of study while achieving the highest levels of distinction in the discovery and transmission of knowledge and understanding. Besides [[Princeton University|Princeton]], Dartmouth truly lays claim to being America's preeminent undergraduate institution and the world's first "research college."</ref> In 2018, the [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education]] listed Dartmouth as the only "majority-undergraduate," "arts-and-sciences focused," "doctoral university" in the country that has "some graduate coexistence" and "very high research activity."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=182670|title=The Carnegie Foundation Classification of Institutions of Higher Learning, Dartmouth College |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu|access-date=February 1, 2016}}</ref> In a ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' corporate study, Dartmouth graduates were shown to be among the most sought-after and valued in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/10/25/world/asia/25iht-sreducemerging25-graphic.html|title=Global Companies Rank Universities |website=www.nytimes.com|access-date=November 25, 2012}}</ref>
The university has produced many prominent [[List of Dartmouth College alumni|alumni]], including 170 members of the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]],<ref name="Dartmouth Alumni Congress Members">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2016/04/dartmouth-alumni-seek-national-state-political-offices |title=Dartmouth alumni seek national, state political offices|publisher=The Dartmouth|accessdate=April 14, 2016}}</ref> 24 [[Governor (United States)|U.S. governors]], 10 [[List of universities by number of billionaire alumni|billionaire alumni]],<ref name="Dartmouth Billionaire Grads">{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/16/luxury/top-colleges-with-billionaire-undergraduates/|title=Top 20 colleges with most billionaire alumni|publisher=CNN|accessdate=September 17, 2014}}</ref> 10 [[Cabinet of the United States|U.S. Cabinet secretaries]], 3 [[Nobel Prize]] laureates, 2 [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] justices, and a [[Vice President of the United States|U.S. vice president]]. Other notable alumni include 79 [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]],<ref name="Dartmouth Rhodes Scholars">{{cite web|url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2016/11/sarah-waltcher-16-named-rhodes-scholar |title=Sarah Waltcher '16 Named Rhodes Scholar|publisher=Dartmouth Now|accessdate=November 21, 2016}}</ref> 26 [[Marshall Scholarship]] recipients,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics |title=Statistics |publisher=Marshallscholarship.org |date= |accessdate=December 7, 2017}}</ref> 13 [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners, and numerous [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Genius]] fellows,<ref name="Dartmouth MacArthur Genius Fellowships">{{cite web |url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2015/09/heidi-williams-03-named-macarthur-genius|title=Heidi Williams '03 Named MacArthur 'Genius' <!--relevant section title: Previous Dartmouth MacArthur Fellows-->|publisher=Dartmouth Now|accessdate=January 15, 2016 |deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115135916/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2015/09/heidi-williams-03-named-macarthur-genius|archivedate=January 15, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright Scholars]],<ref name="Dartmouth Fulbright Scholars">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2017/04/fifteen-students-named-fulbright-scholars|title=Fifteen students named Fulbright scholars|publisher=The Dartmouth|accessdate=May 10, 2017}}</ref> CEOs and founders of [[Fortune 500]] corporations, high-ranking U.S. diplomats, scholars in academia, literary and media figures, professional athletes, and [[Lists of Olympic medalists|Olympic medalists]].
== History ==
{{See also|List of presidents of Dartmouth College}}
[[File:Eleazar Wheelock.jpg|thumb|left|[[Eleazar Wheelock]], Dartmouth College founder]]
Dartmouth was founded by [[Eleazar Wheelock]], a [[Congregational church|Congregational]] minister from [[Columbia, Connecticut]], who had sought to establish a school to train [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] as Christian missionaries. Wheelock's ostensible inspiration for such an establishment resulted from his relationship with [[Mohegan]] Indian [[Samson Occom]]. Occom became an ordained minister after studying under Wheelock from 1743 to 1747, and later moved to [[Long Island]] to preach to the [[Montaukett|Montauks]].<ref name="history-lesson"/>
Wheelock founded [[Moor's Charity School|Moor's Indian Charity School]] in 1755.<ref name="Eleazar Wheelock's Two Schools"/> The Charity School proved somewhat successful, but additional funding was necessary to continue school's operations, and Wheelock sought the help of friends to raise money. The first major donation to the school was given by Dr. [[John Phillips (educator)|John Phillips]] in 1762, who would go on to found [[Phillips Exeter Academy]]. Occom, accompanied by the Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, traveled to England in 1766 to raise money from churches. With these funds, they established a trust to help Wheelock.<ref name="history-lesson"/> The head of the trust was a [[Methodist]] named [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth]].
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-10-02 03 - Charter.jpg|thumb|upright|The Charter of Dartmouth College on display in [[Baker Memorial Library]]. The charter was signed on December 13, 1769, on behalf of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III of Great Britain]].]]
Although the fund provided Wheelock ample financial support for the Charity School, Wheelock initially had trouble recruiting Indians to the institution, primarily because its location was far from tribal territories. In seeking to expand the school into a college, Wheelock relocated it to Hanover, in the [[Province of New Hampshire]]. The move from Connecticut followed a lengthy and sometimes frustrating effort to find resources and secure a charter. The Royal Governor of New Hampshire, [[Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet|John Wentworth]], provided the land upon which Dartmouth would be built and on December 13, 1769, issued a [[royal charter]] in the name of [[King George III]] establishing the College. That charter created a college "for the education and instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land in reading, writing & all parts of Learning which shall appear necessary and expedient for civilizing & christianizing Children of Pagans as well as in all liberal Arts and Sciences and also of English Youth and any others." The reference to educating Native American youth was included to connect Dartmouth to the Charity School and enable use of the Charity School's unspent trust funds. Named for [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth]]—an important supporter of Eleazar Wheelock's earlier efforts but who, in fact, opposed creation of the College and never donated to it—Dartmouth is the nation's ninth oldest college and the last institution of higher learning established under Colonial rule.<ref name="About Dartmouth – History"/> The College granted its first degrees in 1771.<ref name="Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College"/>
Given the limited success of the Charity School, however, Wheelock intended his new college as one primarily for whites.<ref name="history-lesson"/><ref name="chi"/> Occom, disappointed with Wheelock's departure from the school's original goal of Indian [[Christianization]], went on to form his own community of New England Indians called [[Brothertown Indians]] in New York.<ref name="history-lesson"/><ref name="chi"/>
[[File:Early Dartmouth Dunham.jpg|thumb|left|The earliest known image of Dartmouth appeared in the February 1793 issue of ''Massachusetts Magazine''. The engraving may also be the first visual proof of [[cricket]] being played in the United States.<ref name="CricketRauner"/>]]
In 1819, Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic [[Dartmouth College v. Woodward|Dartmouth College case]], which challenged [[New Hampshire]]'s 1816 attempt to amend the college' charter to make the school a public university. An institution called [[Dartmouth University]] occupied the college buildings and began operating in Hanover in 1817, though the college continued teaching classes in rented rooms nearby.<ref name="history-lesson"/> [[Daniel Webster]], an [[alumnus]] of the class of 1801, presented the College's case to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]], which found the amendment of Dartmouth's charter to be an [[Contract Clause|illegal impairment of a contract]] by the state and reversed New Hampshire's takeover of the college. Webster concluded his [[peroration]] with the famous words: "It is, Sir, as I have said, a small college. And yet there are those who love it."<ref name="history-lesson"/>
In 1866, the [[New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts]] was incorporated in Hanover, in connection with Dartmouth College. The institution was officially associated with Dartmouth and was directed by Dartmouth's president. The new college was moved to [[Durham, New Hampshire]], in 1891, and later became known as the [[University of New Hampshire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unh.edu/main/brief-history |title=University Chronology | University of New Hampshire Library |publisher=Unh.edu |accessdate=December 7, 2017}}</ref>
Dartmouth emerged onto the national academic stage at the turn of the 20th century. Prior to this period, the college had clung to traditional methods of instruction and was relatively poorly funded.<ref name="trd-wheelock"/> Under President [[William Jewett Tucker]] (1893–1909), Dartmouth underwent a major revitalization of facilities, faculty, and the student body, following large endowments such as the $10,000 given by Dartmouth alumnus and law professor [[John Ordronaux (doctor)|John Ordronaux]].<ref name="Many Bequests to Carity; Will of Dr. Ordronaux D ..."/> 20 new structures replaced antiquated buildings, while the student body and faculty both expanded threefold. Tucker is often credited for having "refounded Dartmouth" and bringing it into national prestige.<ref name="William Jewett Tucker"/> [[File:Dartmouth Hall.jpg|thumb|Lithograph of the President's House, Thornton Hall, Dartmouth Hall, and Wentworth Hall]]Presidents [[Ernest Fox Nichols]] (1909–16) and [[Ernest Martin Hopkins]] (1916–45) continued Tucker's trend of modernization, further improving campus facilities and introducing [[College admissions in the United States|selective admissions]] in the 1920s.<ref name="trd-wheelock"/> In 1945, Hopkins was subject to no small amount of controversy, as he openly admitted to Dartmouth's practice of using [[racial quota]]s to deny Jews entry into the university.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/49948394/?terms=dartmouth+jewish+quota|title=17 Aug 1945, Page 6 - The Wisconsin Jewish Chronicle at Newspapers.com|work=Newspapers.com|access-date=2018-05-28|language=en}}</ref><ref>[[iarchive:crucialdecadeame006464mbp|Eric F. Goldman, ''The Crucial Decade: America, 1945-1955'',]] (New York: Knopf, 1956), p. 42: "... and Dartmouth's president, Ernest Hopkins, blandly explained that of course his college admitted only a quota of Jews."</ref> [[John Sloan Dickey]], serving as president from 1945 until 1970, strongly emphasized the liberal arts, particularly [[public policy]] and [[international relations]].<ref name="trd-wheelock"/><ref name="John Sloan Dickey"/> During [[World War II]], Dartmouth was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the [[V-12 Navy College Training Program]] which offered students a path to a navy commission.<ref name="navyarchives-v-12" />
In 1970, longtime professor of [[mathematics]] and [[computer science]] [[John George Kemeny]] became president of Dartmouth.<ref name="kemeny-bio"/> Kemeny oversaw several major changes at the college. Dartmouth, which had been a men's institution, began admitting women as full-time students and undergraduate degree candidates in 1972 amid much controversy.<ref name="When did Dartmouth become co-educational?"/> At about the same time, the college adopted its "[[#The Dartmouth Plan|Dartmouth Plan]]" of academic scheduling, permitting the student body to increase in size within the existing facilities.<ref name="kemeny-bio"/> In 1988, Dartmouth's alma mater song's lyrics changed from "Men of Dartmouth" to "Dear old Dartmouth".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/25/nyregion/rutgers-updates-its-anthem-to-include-women.html | work=The New York Times |first=Ariel | last=Kaminer | title=Rutgers Updates Its Anthem to Include Women | date=September 24, 2013}}</ref>
During the 1990s, the college saw a major academic overhaul under President [[James O. Freedman]] and a controversial (and ultimately unsuccessful) 1999 initiative to encourage the school's single-sex Greek houses to go coed.<ref name="trd-wheelock"/><ref name="James O. Freedman"/> The first decade of the 21st century saw the commencement of the $1.3 billion Campaign for the Dartmouth Experience, the largest capital fundraising campaign in the college's history, which surpassed $1 billion in 2008.<ref name="thedartmouth"/><ref name="thedartmouth1"/> The mid- and late first decade of the 21st century have also seen extensive campus construction, with the erection of two new housing complexes, full renovation of two dormitories, and a forthcoming dining hall, life sciences center, and visual arts center.<ref name="Current Capital Projects"/> In 2004, [[Booz Allen Hamilton]] selected Dartmouth College as a model of institutional endurance "whose record of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations, both academic and commercial," citing ''[[Dartmouth College v. Woodward|Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward]]'' and Dartmouth's successful self-reinvention in the late 19th century.<ref name="Booz Allen Hamilton Lists the World's Most Enduring Institutions"/>
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-09-25 07 - Collis Center.JPG|thumb|left|College seal at the Collis Center]]
Since the election of a number of petition-nominated trustees to the [[Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College|Board of Trustees]] starting in 2004, the role of alumni in Dartmouth governance has been the subject of ongoing conflict.<ref name="Battle for Board leaves boardroom"/> President [[James Wright (historian)|James Wright]] announced his retirement in February 2008<ref name="President Wright to step down in June 2009"/> and was replaced by Harvard University professor and physician [[Jim Yong Kim]] on July 1, 2009.<ref name="Dr. Jim Yong Kim appointed 17th President of Dartmouth College"/>
In May 2010 Dartmouth joined the [[Matariki Network of Universities]] (MNU) together with [[Durham University]] (UK), [[Queen's University]] (Canada), [[University of Otago]] (New Zealand), [[University of Tübingen]] (Germany), [[University of Western Australia]] (Australia) and [[Uppsala University]] (Sweden).<ref name="Members of the Matariki Network of Universities"/>
Dartmouth's close association and involvement in the development of the [[downhill skiing]] industry is featured in the 2010 book ''[[Passion for Skiing]]'' as well as the 2013 documentary based on the book ''[[Passion for Snow]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skiinghistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/2013-Awards-Brochure-searchable.pdf |title=2013 IHSA Awards brochure |format=PDF |accessdate=September 22, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928225042/http://www.skiinghistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/2013-Awards-Brochure-searchable.pdf |archivedate=September 28, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref>
== Academics ==
[[File:Baker Memorial Library, Dartmouth College - DSC09058.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Baker Memorial Library]]
Dartmouth, a [[liberal arts]] institution, offers a four-year [[Bachelor of Arts]] and ABET-accredited [[Bachelor of Engineering]] degree to undergraduate students.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/><ref name="About Dartmouth"/> The college has 39 academic departments offering 56 [[Academic major|major programs]], while students are free to design special majors or engage in dual majors.<ref name="Undergraduate Majors"/> For the graduating class of 2017, the most popular majors were economics, government, computer science, engineering sciences, and history.<ref name="classof2017notes">{{cite web|last1=Blumberg|first1=Joseph|title=Commencement Notes for the Dartmouth Class of 2017|url=https://news.dartmouth.edu/news/2017/06/commencement-notes-dartmouth-class-2017 |website=Dartmouth News|accessdate=December 12, 2017|date=June 9, 2017}}</ref> The Government Department, whose prominent professors include [[Stephen Brooks (academic)|Stephen Brooks]], [[Richard Ned Lebow]], and [[William Wohlforth]], was ranked the top solely undergraduate political science program in the world by researchers at the [[London School of Economics]] in 2003.<ref name="politicalstudies"/> The Economics Department, whose prominent professors include [[David Blanchflower]] and [[Andrew Samwick]], also holds the distinction as the top-ranked bachelor's-only economics program in the world.<ref name="Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics"/>
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-10-20 09.JPG|thumb|left|upright|A view of East Campus from Baker Tower]]
In order to graduate, a student must complete 35 total courses, eight to ten of which are typically part of a chosen major program.<ref name="requirements" /> Other requirements for graduation include the completion of ten "distributive requirements" in a variety of academic fields, proficiency in a foreign language, and completion of a writing class and first-year seminar in writing.<ref name="requirements" /> Many departments offer honors programs requiring students seeking that distinction to engage in "independent, sustained work," culminating in the production of a [[thesis]].<ref name="requirements" /> In addition to the courses offered in Hanover, Dartmouth offers 57 different off-campus programs, including Foreign Study Programs, Language Study Abroad programs, and Exchange Programs.<ref name="Programs List All" /><ref name="Types of Programs" />
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Tuck School of Business.JPG|thumb|right|upright=1.2|[[Tuck School of Business]]]]
Through the Graduate Studies program, Dartmouth grants doctorate and master's degrees in 19 Arts & Sciences graduate programs. Although the first graduate degree, a PhD in classics, was awarded in 1885, many of the current PhD programs have only existed since the 1960s.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts" /> Furthermore, Dartmouth is home to three professional schools: the [[Geisel School of Medicine]] (established 1797), [[Thayer School of Engineering]] (1867)—which also serves as the undergraduate department of engineering sciences—and [[Tuck School of Business]] (1900). With these professional schools and graduate programs, conventional American usage would accord Dartmouth the label of "Dartmouth University";<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts" /> however, because of historical and nostalgic reasons (such as ''[[Dartmouth College v. Woodward]]''), the school uses the name "Dartmouth College" to refer to the entire institution.<ref name="history-lesson" />
Dartmouth employs a total of 607 tenured or tenure-track faculty members, including the highest proportion of female tenured professors among the Ivy League universities.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts" /> Faculty members have been at the forefront of such major academic developments as the [[Dartmouth Workshop]], the [[Dartmouth Time Sharing System]], [[Dartmouth BASIC]], and [[Dartmouth ALGOL 30]]. In 2005, sponsored project awards to Dartmouth faculty research amounted to $169 million.<ref name="Academics & Research" />
Dartmouth serves as the host institution of the [[University Press of New England]], a [[university press]] founded in 1970 that is supported by a consortium of schools that also includes [[Brandeis University]], the [[University of New Hampshire]], [[Northeastern University]], [[Tufts University]] and the [[University of Vermont]].<ref name="About UPNE" />
=== Rankings ===
{{Infobox US university ranking
| ARWU_W = 201–300
| ARWU_N = 71–99
| Forbes = 9
| QS_W = 183
| THES_W = 82
| USNWR_NU = 12
| USNWR_W = 225
| Wamo_NU = 29
}}
{|class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" |
<big>USNWR graduate school rankings</big><ref name="USNWR Grad School Rankings">{{cite web|title=Dartmouth College – U.S. News Best Grad School Rankings|publisher=''U.S. News & World Report''|accessdate=June 4, 2017|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/dartmouth-college-182670/overall-rankings}}</ref>
|-
| Business
| 8
|-
| Engineering
| 52
|-
| Medicine: Primary Care
| 27
|-
| Medicine: Research
| 35
|}
{|class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: center;" |
<big>USNWR departmental rankings</big><ref name="USNWR Grad School Rankings"/>
|-
| Biological Sciences
| 38
|-
| Chemistry
| 71
|-
| Computer Science
| 40
|-
| Earth Sciences
| 60
|-
| Mathematics
| 52
|-
| Physics
| 70
|-
| Psychology
| 53
|}
Dartmouth was ranked 11th among undergraduate programs at national universities by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' in its 2018 rankings. Dartmouth's strength in undergraduate education is highlighted by ''U.S. News'' when in 2009 through 2013 it ranked Dartmouth first in undergraduate teaching at national universities. It was ranked 2nd in this area in the 2018 rankings. The institution also ranked 5th in High School Counselor Rankings in 2018. The college ranks 7th in ''The Wall Street Journal''{{'}}s ranking of top feeder schools.<ref name="WSJ Ranking the Colleges" />
The 2017 [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] ranked Dartmouth among the 71-99th best universities in the nation, alongside institution such as [[Georgetown University]] and [[University of Notre Dame]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings-2017/USA.html|title=World University Rankings – 2017 {{!}} USA Universities in Top 500 universities {{!}} Academic Ranking of World Universities |date=2017 |website=www.shanghairanking.com|access-date=2018-01-05}}</ref> AWRU ranks Dartmouth among the 76–100 best schools in the world for Business Administration and 101–150 for Management and Psychology.
In ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} 2016 rankings of colleges, Dartmouth ranked 17th overall in the combined liberal arts college and national universities ranking and 2nd in "grateful graduates", with a financial grade of A+.<ref>{{cite web|title = America's Top Colleges |url=https://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/ |accessdate=July 6, 2016}}</ref>
The 2006 [[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching|Carnegie Foundation]] classification listed Dartmouth as the only "majority-undergraduate", "arts-and-sciences focus[ed]", "research university" in the country that also had "some graduate coexistence" and "very high research activity."<ref name="carnegiefoundation" /><ref name="The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education" /><ref name="Classifications: Dartmouth College" />
For its graduate programs, ''U.S. News'' ranks Dartmouth's MBA program 9th overall and 6th for management. Among its other highly ranked graduate offerings, the school is ranked 40th in computer science, 29th in medicine for primary care, and 37th in medicine for research. Its global ranking places is at 242nd.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dartmouth College {{!}} Overall Rankings {{!}} Best College {{!}} US News |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-182670/overall-rankings |website=colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com |accessdate=June 26, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626133555/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-182670/overall-rankings |archivedate=June 26, 2015}}</ref>
=== Admissions ===
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"
|+ Enrolled fall freshman statistics
|-
! !! 2018<ref name="dartmouth6"/> !! 2017<ref name="dartmouth6"/> !! 2016<ref name="dartmouth.edu">{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/cds_2016_2017.pdf |title= Data set |website=www.dartmouth.edu}}</ref> !! 2015<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/cds_2015_2016.pdf |title= Data set |website=www.dartmouth.edu}}</ref> !! 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/cds_2014_2015.pdf |title= Data set |website=www.dartmouth.edu}}</ref>
|-
| '''Applicants'''
| 22,033 || 20,034 || 20,675 || 20,507 || 19,296
|-
| '''Admits'''
| 1,925 || 2,092 || 2,190 || 2,250 || 2,220
|-
| '''Admit rate'''
| 8.7% || 10.4% || 10.6% || 11.0% || 11.5%
|-
| '''Enrolled'''
| N/A || 1,215 || 1,121 || 1,116 || 1,152
|-
| '''SAT range'''
| N/A || 2050-2350 || 2030–2350 || 2000–2340 || 2050–2340
|-
| '''ACT range'''
| N/A || 30-34 || 30–34 || 30–34 || 30–34
|}
Undergraduate admission to Dartmouth College is characterized by the [[Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching|Carnegie Foundation]] and ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'' as "most selective."<ref name="Dartmouth U.S. News & World Report Summary">{{cite web|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-2573 |title=Dartmouth College |publisher=U.S. News & World Report |accessdate=September 13, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917133820/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/dartmouth-college-2573 |archivedate=September 17, 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education: Four-year, full-time, most selective, lower transfer-in (2015) {{!}} Carnegie Classification |url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/srp.php?clq=%7B%22ugprfile2005_ids%22%3A%2214%22%7D}}</ref> The ''[[Princeton Review]]'', in its 2018 edition, gave the university an admissions selectivity rating of 98 out of 99.<ref name="Princeton Review Admissions Profile">{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonreview.com/schools/1023117/college/dartmouth-college|title=Dartmouth College|publisher=The Princeton Review|accessdate=September 13, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 McNutt Hall 01.JPG|thumb|left|McNutt Hall, home to the Dartmouth Office of Undergraduate Admissions]]
For the freshman class entering Fall 2018, Dartmouth received 22,033 applications of which 1,925 were accepted for an 8.7% admissions rate. Of those admitted students who reported class rank, a record 46.3% were valedictorian or salutatorian, with 97% ranking in the top decile of their class. The admitted students' academic profile showed an all-time high SAT average score of 1497, while the average composite ACT score remained at 33. More than 51% identified as being students of color, 15% are among the first generation in their families to matriculate to college, 11% are international students, and 9% are legacies.<ref name="dartmouth6"/>
Additionally, for the 2016–2017 academic year, Dartmouth received 685 transfer applications of which 5.1% were accepted, with an average SAT composite score of 1490, average composite ACT score of 34, and average college GPA of about 3.85.<ref name="dartmouth.edu"/> Dartmouth meets 100% of students' demonstrated financial need in order to attend the College, and currently admits all students, with the exception of internationals, on a [[Need-blind admission|need-blind basis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thedartmouth.com/2015/09/18/college-ends-need-blind-admission-for-international-students/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=September 28, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929223025/https://thedartmouth.com/2015/09/18/college-ends-need-blind-admission-for-international-students/ |archivedate=September 29, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref>
=== Financial aid ===
Dartmouth guarantees to meet 100% of the demonstrated need of every admitted student who applies for financial aid at the time of admission. Dartmouth practices need-blind admissions for all applicants who are U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and undocumented students in the U.S. These applicants are admitted to the college without regard to their financial circumstances. For international students, financial need is taken into consideration as one of many factors at the time of admission. At Dartmouth, free tuition is provided for students from families with total incomes of $100,000 or less and possessing typical assets. In 2015, $88.8 million in need-based scholarships were awarded to Dartmouth students.
=== The Dartmouth Plan ===
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-11-06 Baker Memorial Library 08 - Tower Room.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1|Tower Room in [[Baker Memorial Library]]]]
Dartmouth functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week [[academic term]]s. The Dartmouth Plan (or simply "D-Plan") is an academic scheduling system that permits the customization of each student's academic year. All undergraduates are required to be in residence for the fall, winter, and spring terms of their freshman and senior years, as well as the summer term of their sophomore year.<ref name="d-plan-admin"/> However, students may petition to alter this plan so that they may be off during their freshman, senior, or sophomore summer terms.<ref name="Petition for Change">{{cite web|title=Petition for Change in Enrollment Pattern |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~reg/docs/change_in_enrollment_pattern.pdf |publisher=Dartmouth |accessdate=July 23, 2014}}</ref> During all terms, students are permitted to choose between studying on-campus, studying at an off-campus program, or taking a term off for vacation, outside internships, or research projects.<ref name="d-plan-admin"/> The typical course load is three classes per term, and students will generally enroll in classes for 12 total terms over the course of their academic career.<ref name="Working Rules and Procedures"/>
The D-Plan was instituted in the early 1970s at the same time that Dartmouth began accepting female undergraduates. It was initially devised as a plan to increase the enrollment without enlarging campus accommodations, and has been described as "a way to put 4,000 students into 3,000 beds."<ref name="trd-wheelock"/> Although new dormitories have been built since, the number of students has also increased and the D-Plan remains in effect. It was modified in the 1980s in an attempt to reduce the problems of lack of social and academic continuity.
=== Board of Trustees ===
[[File:Dartmouth Hall, Dartmouth College - general view.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|Dartmouth Hall was reconstructed in 1906.]]
{{Main|Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College}}
Dartmouth is governed by a Board of Trustees comprising the college president (''ex officio''), the [[governor of New Hampshire|state governor]] (''ex officio''), 13 trustees nominated and elected by the board (called "charter trustees"), and eight trustees nominated by alumni and elected by the board ("alumni trustees").<ref name="Dartmouth Trustees vote to expand size of board"/> The nominees for alumni trustee are determined by a poll of the members of the Association of Alumni of Dartmouth College, selecting from among names put forward by the Alumni Council or by alumni petition.
Although the board elected its members from the two sources of nominees in equal proportions between 1891 and 2007,<ref name="Board of trustees vote to change how Dartmouth College is run"/> the board decided in 2007 to add several new members, all charter trustees.<ref name="Board adds 8 seats, ends century-old parity"/> In the controversy that followed the decision, the Association of Alumni filed a lawsuit, although it later withdrew the action.<ref name="Divided Association of Alumni sues College"/><ref name="thedartmouth2"/> In 2008, the Board added five new charter trustees.<ref name="Dartmouth College's Board of Trustees Elects Five Alumni as New Trustees"/>
== Campus ==
{{Main|List of Dartmouth College buildings}}
{{quote box | width=30% | align=right | quote=This is what a college is supposed to look like.|source= —U.S. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], 1953<ref name="Remarks at the Dartmouth College Commencement Ceremony in Hanover, New Hampshire"/> }}
[[File:Dartmouth College 1885 American Architect.png|thumb|Drawing of Wilson Hall, Dartmouth's first library building, by the architect Samuel J. F. Thayer (1842–1893) which appeared in ''American Architect and Building News'' in March 1885]]
Dartmouth College is situated in the rural town of [[Hanover, New Hampshire]], located in the [[Upper Valley (Connecticut River)|Upper Valley]] along the [[Connecticut River]] in [[New England]]. Its {{convert|269|acre|km2|adj=on}} campus is centered on a {{convert|5|acre|adj=on|0}} "[[The Green (Dartmouth College)|Green]]",<ref name="The Campus"/> a former field of [[pine|pine trees]] cleared in 1771.<ref name="dartmo-green"/> Dartmouth is the largest private landowner of the town of Hanover,<ref name="Open Space Priorities Plan Summary"/> and its total landholdings and facilities are worth an estimated $434 million.<ref name="irs"/> In addition to its campus in Hanover, Dartmouth owns {{convert|4500|acre|km2}} of [[Mount Moosilauke]] in the [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountains]]<ref name="dartmouth3"/> and a {{convert|27000|acre|km2|adj=on}} tract of land in northern New Hampshire known as the [[Second College Grant, New Hampshire|Second College Grant]].<ref name="Second College Grant"/>
[[File:Elm Tree between Fahey Hall and Russell Sage building at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH June 2011.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|American elm on Dartmouth College campus, June 2011]]
Dartmouth's campus buildings vary in age from Wentworth and Thornton Halls of the 1820s (the oldest surviving buildings constructed by the college) to new dormitories and mathematics facilities completed in 2006.<ref name="Kemeny Hall and Haldeman Center"/><ref name="McLaughlin Cluster Residence Halls"/> Most of Dartmouth's buildings are designed in the [[Georgian architecture#Colonial Georgian architecture|Georgian colonial architecture]] style,<ref name="CIC Historic Campus Architecture Project"/><ref name="Atkin Olshin Lawson-Bell Architects"/><ref name="A History of American Higher Education"/> a theme which has been preserved in recent architectural additions.<ref name="Dartmouth Landscape Design Guidelines"/> The College has actively sought to reduce carbon emissions and energy usage on campus, earning it the grade of A- from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card 2008.<ref name="Dartmouth Sustainability Initiative"/><ref name="College Sustainability Report Card 2008"/>
A notable feature of the Dartmouth campus is its many trees which (despite [[Dutch elm disease]]) include some 200 [[Ulmus americana|American elms]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Old Growth – Dartmouth's elms endure as defining features of the campus |url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dartlife/archives/17-3/elms.html| website=Dartmouth College website, Dartmouth Life Home |accessdate=December 26, 2014| date=June 2007| quote=The College's claim on the landscape began with the felling of the great white pines that grew on the plain above the Connecticut River; planting came later. By the middle of the 19th century, villages and towns throughout New England—and eventually across the nation—were shading their streets with the American elm, Ulmus americana. A circa 1840 watercolor image of the College depicts graceful young elms edging the Green. "If you look at pictures of old Hanover," says John Gratiot, associate vice president for Facilities Operations and Management, "Main Street and College Street were completely lined with elms, like a green tunnel."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=50 Trees in 50 Minutes |url=http://sites.dartmouth.edu/gradforum/2014/10/01/50-trees-in-50-minutes/| website=Dartmouth College website, The Graduate Forum |accessdate=December 26, 2014| date=October 1, 2014| deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104202313/http://sites.dartmouth.edu/gradforum/2014/10/01/50-trees-in-50-minutes/ |archivedate=January 4, 2015| df=mdy-all}}</ref>
=== Academic facilities ===
[[File:Hopkins Center for the Arts, Dartmouth College.jpg|upright|thumb|The [[Hopkins Center for the Arts|Hopkins Center]]]]
The college's creative and performing arts facility is the [[Hopkins Center for the Arts]] ("the Hop"). Opened in 1962, the Hop houses the College's drama, music, film, and studio arts departments, as well as a woodshop, pottery studio, and jewelry studio which are open for use by students and faculty.<ref name="hop-info"/> The building was designed by the famed architect [[Wallace Harrison]], who would later design the similar-looking façade of [[Manhattan]]'s [[Metropolitan Opera|Metropolitan Opera House]] at [[Lincoln Center]].<ref name="The Hopkins Center Turns 40"/> Its facilities include two theaters and one 900-seat auditorium.<ref name="hop-info"/> The Hop is also the location of all student mailboxes ("Hinman boxes")<ref name="Undergraduate Student Mail"/> and the Courtyard Café dining facility.<ref name="Dining Locations: Courtyard Café"/> The Hop is connected to the [[Hood Museum of Art]], arguably North America's oldest museum in continuous operation,<ref name="Dartmouth College: Services and Facilities"/> and the Loew Auditorium, where films are screened.<ref name="The Arts"/>
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Sherman Fairchild Physical Sciences Center.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1.1|Sherman Fairchild Physical Sciences Center]]
In addition to its 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences, Dartmouth is home to three separate graduate schools. The [[Geisel School of Medicine]] is located in a complex on the north side of campus<ref name="Maps and Directions"/> and includes laboratories, classrooms, offices, and a biomedical library.<ref name="d-maps"/> The [[Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center]], located several miles to the south in [[Lebanon, New Hampshire]], contains a 396-bed [[teaching hospital]] for the Medical School.<ref name="About Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center"/> The [[Thayer School of Engineering]] and the [[Tuck School of Business]] are both located at the end of Tuck Mall, west of the center of campus and near the Connecticut River.<ref name="d-maps"/> The Thayer School comprises two buildings;<ref name="d-maps"/> Tuck has seven academic and administrative buildings, as well as several common areas.<ref name="tuck-campus"/> The two graduate schools share a library, the Feldberg Business & Engineering Library.<ref name="tuck-campus"/>
Dartmouth's nine libraries are all part of the collective Dartmouth College Library, which comprises 2.48 million volumes and 6 million total resources, including videos, maps, sound recordings, and photographs.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/><ref name="Library Holdings"/> Its specialized libraries include the Biomedical Libraries, Evans Map Room, Feldberg Business & Engineering Library, Jones Media Center, Kresge Physical Sciences Library, Paddock Music Library, Rauner Special Collections Library, and Sherman Art Library. Baker-Berry Library is the main library at Dartmouth, consisting of a merger of the [[Baker Memorial Library]] (opened 1928) and the Berry Library (completed 2002).<ref name="Berry Library"/> Located on the northern side of the Green, Baker's {{convert|200|ft|m|adj=on}} tower is an iconic symbol of the College.<ref name="Baker Library Bell Tower"/><ref name="No Bridge Left Unburned: Rage at Dartmouth"/><ref name="nhspe"/>
=== Athletic facilities ===
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Memorial Field 02.JPG|thumb|[[Memorial Field (Dartmouth College)|Memorial Field]]]]
Dartmouth's original sports field was [[The Green (Dartmouth College)|the Green]], where students played [[cricket]] and [[old division football]] during the 19th century.<ref name="dartmo-green"/> Today, two of Dartmouth's athletic facilities are located in the southeast corner of campus.<ref name="dcaf"/> The center of athletic life is the [[Alumni Gymnasium (Dartmouth College)|Alumni Gymnasium]], which includes the Karl Michael Competition Pool and the Spaulding Pool, a state of the art fitness center, a weight room, and a 1/13th-mile (123 m) indoor track.<ref name="Alumni Gym"/> Attached to Alumni Gymnasium is the Berry Sports Center, which contains basketball and volleyball courts ([[Leede Arena]]), as well as the Kresge Fitness Center.<ref name="Berry Sports Center"/> Behind the Alumni Gymnasium is [[Memorial Field (Dartmouth)|Memorial Field]], a 15,600-seat stadium overlooking Dartmouth's football field and track.<ref name="Memorial Field"/> The nearby [[Thompson Arena]], designed by Italian engineer [[Pier Luigi Nervi]] and constructed in 1975, houses Dartmouth's ice rink.<ref name="Thompson Arena"/> Also visible from Memorial Field is the {{convert|91800|sqft|m2|adj=on}} Nathaniel Leverone Fieldhouse, home to the indoor track. The new softball field, Dartmouth Softball Park, was constructed in 2012, sharing parking facilities with Thompson arena and replacing Sachem Field, located over a mile from campus, as the primary softball facility.
Dartmouth's other athletic facilities in Hanover include the Friends of Dartmouth Rowing Boathouse and the old rowing house storage facility (both located along the Connecticut River), the [[Hanover Country Club]], Dartmouth's oldest remaining athletic facility (established in 1899),<ref name="History"/> and the Corey Ford Rugby Clubhouse.<ref name="Rugby Fires It Up With New Clubhouse"/> The college also maintains the [[Dartmouth Skiway]], a {{convert|100|acre|km2|adj=on}} skiing facility located over two mountains near the Hanover campus in [[Lyme Center, New Hampshire]],<ref name="Dartmouth Skiway"/> that serves as the winter practice grounds for the Dartmouth ski team, which is a perennial contender for the NCAA Division I championship.
=== Residential housing and student life facilities ===
Beginning in the fall term of 2016, Dartmouth placed all undergraduate students in one of six House communities, similar to [[residential college]]s, including Allen House, East Wheelock House, North Park House, School House, South House, and West House, alongside independent Living Learning Communities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2015/11/college-unveils-six-house-communities-open-next-fall |title=College Unveils Six House Communities to Open Next Fall |publisher=Dartmouth College |date=November 2, 2015 |accessdate=April 23, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420181017/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2015/11/college-unveils-six-house-communities-open-next-fall |archivedate=April 20, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Dartmouth used to have nine residential communities located throughout campus, instead of ungrouped dormitories or [[residential college]]s.<ref name="orl"/> The dormitories varied in design from modern to traditional Georgian styles, and room arrangements range from singles to quads and apartment suites.<ref name="orl"/> Since 2006, the college has guaranteed housing for students during their freshman and sophomore years.<ref name="Assembly reworks UFC membership guidelines"/> More than 3,000 students elect to live in housing provided by college.<ref name="orl"/>
Campus meals are served by Dartmouth Dining Services, which operates 11 dining establishments around campus.<ref name="Campus Map"/> Four of them are located at the center of campus in the Class of 1953 Commons, formerly Thayer Dining Hall.<ref name="Dining Locations"/>
The Collis Center is the center of student life and programming, serving as what would be generically termed the "student union" or "campus center."<ref name="Collis Center"/> It contains a café, study space, common areas, and a number of administrative departments, including the Academic Skills Centre.<ref name="Collis Floor Plans"/><ref name="Administrative Departments in Collis Center"/> Robinson Hall, next door to both Collis and Thayer, contains the offices of a number of student organizations including the [[Dartmouth Outing Club]] and ''[[The Dartmouth]]'' daily newspaper.<ref name="Robinson Hall"/>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Lord Hall.JPG|Lord Hall, Allen House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Morton Hall 01.JPG|Morton Hall, East Wheelock House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Woodward Hall 02.JPG|Woodward Hall, North Park House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Mid Massachusetts Hall 02.JPG|Mid Massachusetts Hall, School House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Topliff Hall 03.JPG|Topliff Hall, South House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-10-21 03 - Russell Sage Hall.JPG|Russell Sage Hall, West House
File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-06-23 Cutter-Shabazz 01.JPG|Cutter-Shabazz House for Intellectual Inquiry
</gallery>
== Student life ==
In 2006, ''[[The Princeton Review]]'' ranked Dartmouth third in its "Quality of Life" category, and sixth for having the "Happiest Students."<ref name="Best 361 Colleges"/> Athletics and participation in the Greek system are the most popular campus activities.<ref name="abc-greek"/> In all, Dartmouth offers more than 350 organizations, teams, and sports.<ref name="Student Life"/> The school is also home to a variety of longstanding traditions and celebrations and has a loyal alumni network; Dartmouth ranked #2 in "[[The Princeton Review]]" in 2006 for Best Alumni Network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.princetonreview.com/schools/1023117/college/dartmouth-college|title=Dartmouth College - The Princeton Review College Rankings & Reviews|website=www.princetonreview.com}}</ref>
=== Student safety ===
In 2014, Dartmouth College was the third highest in the nation in "total of reports of rape" on their main campus, with 42 reports of rape. The ''Washington Post'' attributed the high number of rape reports to the fact that a growing number of sexual assault victims feel comfortable enough to report sexual assaults that would have gone unreported in previous years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/06/07/these-colleges-have-the-most-reports-of-rape/|title=These colleges have the most reports of rape|first=Nick|last=Anderson|date=June 7, 2016|publisher=|via=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref> In 2015, the Huffington Post reported that Dartmouth College had the highest rate of bystander intervention of any college surveyed, with 57.7% of Dartmouth students reporting that they would take some sort of action if they saw someone acting in a "sexually violent or harassing manner," compared to 45.5% of students nationally.
Dartmouth fraternities have an extensive history of [[hazing]] and [[alcohol abuse]], leading to police raids and accusations of [[sexual harassment]].<ref name="Confessions of an Ivy League Frat Boy: Inside Dartmouth's Hazing Abuses">Janet Reitman, [https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/confessions-of-an-ivy-league-frat-boy-inside-dartmouths-hazing-abuses-20120328?print=true "Confessions of an Ivy League Frat Boy: Inside Dartmouth's Hazing Abuses"], ''Rolling Stone'', April 12, 2012</ref><ref name="Dartmouth in the glare of scrutiny on drinking">Richard Perez-Pena, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/02/education/dartmouth-in-the-glare-of-scrutiny-on-drinking.html "Dartmouth in the Glare of Scrutiny on Drinking"], ''New York Times'', October 2, 2013</ref>
=== Student groups ===
{{Main|Dartmouth College student groups|Dartmouth College publications|Dartmouth College Greek organizations}}
[[File:Dartmouth College campus 2007-10-03 Robinson Hall.JPG|thumb|left|Robinson Hall houses many of the College's student-run organizations, including the [[Dartmouth Outing Club]]. The building is a designated stop along the [[Appalachian Trail]].]]
[[File:Dartmouth AXA.jpg|thumb|right|Dartmouth [[Alpha Chi Alpha]] fraternity house]]
Dartmouth's more than 200 student organizations and clubs cover a wide range of interests.<ref name="Campus Life: Clubs and Organizations"/> In 2007, the college hosted eight academic groups, 17 cultural groups, two honor societies, 30 "issue-oriented" groups, 25 performing groups, 12 pre-professional groups, 20 publications, and 11 recreational groups.<ref name="COSO Student Organizations"/> Notable student groups include the nation's largest and oldest collegiate outdoors club, the [[Dartmouth Outing Club]],<ref name="DOCalumnimag"/> which includes the nationally recognized<ref name="Big Green Bus in the News"/> [[The Big Green Bus|Big Green Bus]]; the campus's oldest a cappella group, [[The Dartmouth Aires]]; the controversial conservative newspaper ''[[The Dartmouth Review]]'';<ref name="Reagan's Disappearing Bureaucrats"/> and ''[[The Dartmouth]]'', arguably the nation's oldest university newspaper.<ref name="nlestk"/> ''The Dartmouth'' describes itself as "America's Oldest College Newspaper, Founded 1799."<ref name = "nlestk"/>
Partially because of Dartmouth's rural, isolated location, the [[fraternities and sororities in North America|Greek system]] dating from the 1840s is one of the most popular social outlets for students.<ref name="abc-greek"/><ref name="Halls, Tombs and Houses: Student Society Architecture at Dartmouth"/> Dartmouth is home to 32 recognized Greek houses: 17 fraternities, 12 sororities, and three coeducational organizations.<ref name="Coed, Fraternity, and Sorority Administration"/> In 2007, roughly 70% of eligible students belonged to a Greek organization;<ref name="Transgenders try to navigate Greek system"/> since 1987, students have not been permitted to join Greek organizations until their sophomore year.<ref name="History of CFS Organizations at Dartmouth"/> Dartmouth College was among the first institutions of higher education to [[desegregate]] fraternity houses in the 1950s, and was involved in the movement to create [[coeducational]] Greek houses in the 1970s.<ref name="The College on the Hill: A Dartmouth Chronicle"/> In the early first decade of the 21st century, campus-wide debate focused on a Board of Trustees recommendation that Greek organizations become "substantially coeducational";<ref name="Dartmouth to Abolish Fraternities and Sororities"/> this attempt to change the Greek system eventually failed.<ref name="Interrogating the S.L.I."/> The fraternities have an extensive history of [[hazing]] and [[alcohol abuse]], leading to police raids and accusations of [[sexual harassment]].<ref name="Confessions of an Ivy League Frat Boy: Inside Dartmouth's Hazing Abuses"/><ref name="Dartmouth in the glare of scrutiny on drinking"/>
Dartmouth also has a number of secret societies, which are student- and alumni-led organizations often focused on preserving the history of the college and initiating service projects. Most prominent among them is the [[Sphinx (senior society)|Sphinx society]], housed in a prominent Egyptian tomb-like building near the center of campus. The Sphinx has been the subject of numerous rumors as to its facilities, practices, and membership.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://thedartmouth.com/2012/10/05/mirror/the-pool-at-the-end-of-the-tunnel|title = Mirror at the End of the Tunnel|date = October 5, 2012|accessdate = December 2, 2014|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref>
The college has an additional classification of social/residential organizations known as [[Dartmouth College student groups#Undergraduate societies|undergraduate societies]].<ref name="Senior and Undergraduate Society Administration"/>
=== Athletics ===
{{Main|Dartmouth Big Green}}
[[File:Darthmouth vs Princeton 1.jpg|thumb|left|A Dartmouth varsity hockey game against Princeton at [[Thompson Arena]]]]
Approximately 20% of students participate in a varsity sport, and nearly 80% participate in some form of club, varsity, intramural, or other athletics.<ref name="What percentage of Dartmouth students play a varsity sport?"/> In 2007, Dartmouth College fielded 34 intercollegiate varsity teams: 16 for men, 16 for women, and coeducational sailing and equestrian programs. Dartmouth's athletic teams compete in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association]] (NCAA) [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] eight-member [[Ivy League]] conference; some teams also participate in the [[Eastern College Athletic Conference]] (ECAC).<ref name="about-dartmouth-athletics"/> As is mandatory for the members of the Ivy League, Dartmouth College does not offer athletic scholarships.<ref name="about-dartmouth-athletics"/><ref name="What is the Ivy League?"/> In addition to the traditional American team sports (football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey), Dartmouth competes at the varsity level in many other sports including track and field, softball, squash, sailing, tennis, rowing, soccer, skiing, and lacrosse.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/>
[[File:Dartmouth College Big Green logo.svg|right|upright]]
The college also offers 26 club and intramural sports such as fencing, rugby, water polo, figure skating, boxing, volleyball, ultimate frisbee, and cricket, leading to a 75% participation rate in athletics among the undergraduate student body.<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts"/><ref name="Club Sports"/> The Dartmouth Fencing Team, despite being entirely self-coached, won the [[USACFC]] club national championship in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thedartmouth.com/2014/04/10/club-fencing-takes-first-national-title/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=January 3, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103024149/https://thedartmouth.com/2014/04/10/club-fencing-takes-first-national-title/ |archivedate=January 3, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref> The Dartmouth Men's Rugby Team, founded in 1951, has been ranked among the best collegiate teams in that sport, winning for example the [[Ivy Rugby Conference]] every year between 2008 and 2015.<ref name="Ivy Rugby"/> The figure skating team won the national championship five straight times from 2004 through 2008.<ref name="Dartmouth Wins Fourth Consecutive National Title"/> In addition to the academic requirements for graduation, Dartmouth requires every undergraduate to complete a {{convert|50|yd|m|adj=on}} swim and three terms of [[physical education]].<ref name="General Academic Requirements for Graduation"/>
=== Native Americans at Dartmouth ===
[[File:40th Dartmouth Powwow (7210510954).jpg|thumb|right|The 40th Dartmouth Powwow]]
It is often pointed out that the charter of Dartmouth College, granted to [[Eleazar Wheelock]] in 1769, proclaims that the institution was created "for the education and instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land in reading, writing and all parts of Learning ... as well as in all liberal Arts and Sciences; and also of English Youth and any others."<ref name="charter"/> However, Wheelock primarily intended the college to educate White youth, and the few Native students that attended Dartmouth experienced much difficulty in an institution ostensibly dedicated to their education. The funds for the Charity School for Native Americans that preceded Dartmouth College were raised primarily by the efforts of a Native American named [[Samson Occom]], and at least some of those funds were used to help found the college.<ref name="about-nap"/>
The college graduated only 19 Native Americans during its first two hundred years.<ref name="about-nap"/> In 1970, the college established Native American academic and social programs as part of a "new dedication to increasing Native American enrollment."<ref name = "about-nap" /> Since then, Dartmouth has graduated over 700 Native American students from over 200 different tribes, more than the other seven Ivy League universities combined.<ref name="about-nap" />
=== Traditions ===
{{Main|Dartmouth College traditions}}
[[File:2004 Winter Carnival Sculpture.JPG|thumb|Snow sculpture at the 2004 Dartmouth Winter Carnival]]
Dartmouth is well known for its fierce school spirit and many traditions.<ref name="15th President Installed at Dartmouth"/> The college functions on a [[Academic term|quarter system]], and one weekend each term is set aside as a traditional celebratory event, known on campus as "big weekends"<ref name="steph"/><ref name="The Dartmouth Green: A Walking Tour of Dartmouth"/> or "party weekends".<ref name="Hopkins Center offers many alternatives over weekend"/> In the fall term, Homecoming (officially called Dartmouth Night) is marked by a [[bonfire]] on the Green constructed by the freshman class.<ref name="homecoming-history"/> Winter term is celebrated by Winter Carnival, a tradition started in 1911 by the Dartmouth Outing Club to promote winter sports. This tradition is the oldest in the United States, and subsequently went on to catch on at other New England colleges.<ref name="tdr-wc"/><ref>{{cite web|title = Winter carnival to be held {{!}} News {{!}} Bates College|url = https://www.bates.edu/news/1997/01/13/winter-carnival-1997/|website = www.bates.edu|access-date = February 7, 2016}}</ref> In the spring, Green Key is a weekend mostly devoted to campus parties and celebration.<ref name="Green Key History: Those Were the Days"/>
The summer term was formerly marked by Tubestock, an unofficial tradition in which the students used wooden rafts and inner tubes to float on the [[Connecticut River]]. Begun in 1986, Tubestock was ended in 2006 by town ordinance.<ref name="Town, College Weigh Tubestock Changes"/> The Class of 2008, during their summer term on campus in 2006, replaced the defunct Tubestock with Fieldstock. This new celebration includes a barbecue, live music, and the revival of the 1970s and 1980s tradition of racing homemade chariots around the Green. Unlike Tubestock, Fieldstock is funded and supported by the College.<ref name="Fieldstock, chariots await town approval"/>
Another longstanding tradition is four-day, student-run [[Dartmouth Outing Club]] trips for incoming freshmen, begun in 1935. Each trip concludes at the [[Moosilauke Ravine Lodge]].<ref name="About the Program"/> In 2011, over 96% of freshmen elected to participate.
== Insignia and other representations ==
=== Motto and song ===
Dartmouth's motto, chosen by Eleazar Wheelock, is ''Vox clamantis in deserto''. The Latin motto is literally translated as "A calling voice in the wilderness",<ref name="Out of the Woods"/><ref name="good"/> but is more often rendered as "A voice crying out in the wilderness".<ref name="at a glance"/> The phrase appears five times in the Bible and is a reference to the college's location on what was once the frontier of European settlement.<ref name="good"/><ref name="Bartlett Hall's Wheelock Memorial Window"/> Richard Hovey's "[[Alma Mater (Dartmouth College)|Men of Dartmouth]]" was elected as the best of Dartmouth's songs in 1896,<ref name="homecoming-history"/> and became the school's official song in 1926.<ref name="Follow-up on the news; Song out of tune with the times"/> The song was retitled to "Alma Mater" in the 1980s when its lyrics were changed to refer to women as well as men.<ref name="rscl"/>
=== Seal ===
{{Main|Seal of Dartmouth College}}
[[File:Seal of Dartmouth College.png|thumb|upright|left|Seal of Dartmouth College]]
Dartmouth's 1769 [[royal charter]] required the creation of a [[seal (emblem)|seal]] for use on official documents and diplomas.<ref name="charter"/> The college's founder [[Eleazar Wheelock]] designed a seal for his college bearing a striking resemblance to the seal of the [[USPG|Society for the Propagation of the Gospel]], a missionary society founded in London in 1701, in order to maintain the illusion that his college was more for mission work than for higher education.<ref name="good"/> Engraved by a Boston silversmith, the seal was ready by commencement of 1773. The trustees officially accepted the seal on August 25, 1773, describing it as:
{{quote|An Oval, circumscribed by a Line containing SIGILL: COL: DARTMUTH: NOV: HANT: IN AMERICA 1770. within projecting a Pine Grove on the Right, whence proceed Natives towards an Edifice two Storey on the left; which bears in a Label over the Grove these Words "vox clamantis in deserto" the whole supported by Religion on the Right and Justice on the Left, and bearing in a Triangle irradiate, with the Hebrew Words [El Shaddai], agreeable to the above Impression, be the common Seal under which to pass all Diplomas or Certificates of Degrees, and all other Affairs of Business of and concerning Dartmouth College.<ref name="collections"/>}}
On October 28, 1926, the trustees affirmed the charter's reservation of the seal for official corporate documents alone.<ref name="good"/> The College Publications Committee commissioned noted typographer [[William Addison Dwiggins]] to create a line drawing version of the seal in 1940 that saw widespread use. Dwiggins' design was modified during 1957 to change the date from "1770" to "1769", to accord with the date of the college charter. The trustees commissioned a new set of dies with a date of "1769" to replace the old dies, now badly worn after almost two hundred years of use.<ref name="good"/> The 1957 design continues to be used under trademark number 2305032.<ref name="uspatent"/>
=== Shield ===
On October 28, 1926, the trustees approved a "Dartmouth College Shield" for general use. Artist and engraver W. Parke Johnson designed this emblem on the basis of the shield that is depicted at the center of the original seal. This design does not survive. On June 9, 1944, the trustees approved another [[coat of arms]] based on the shield part of the seal, this one by Canadian artist and designer [[Thoreau MacDonald]]. That design was used widely and, like Dwiggins' seal, had its date changed from "1770" to "1769" around 1958.<ref name="good"/> That version continues to be used under trademark registration number 3112676 and others.<ref name="uspatent"/>
College designer John Scotford made a stylized version of the shield during the 1960s, but it did not see the success of MacDonald's design.<ref name="A Proposal for a Heraldic Coat of Arms for Dartmouth College"/> The shield appears to have been used as the basis of the shield of [[Dartmouth Medical School]], and it has been reproduced in sizes as small as 20 micrometers across.<ref name="Nanometer Pattern Generation System: Dartmouth Seal"/> The design has appeared on [[Rudolph Ruzicka]]'s Bicentennial Medal ([[Philadelphia Mint]], 1969) and elsewhere.
=== Nickname, symbol, and mascot ===
Dartmouth has never had an official [[mascot]].<ref name="ad-green"/> The nickname "The Big Green,"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=590538|title=The|access-date=September 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507215935/http://www.dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=590538|archive-date=May 7, 2016|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> originating in the 1860s, is based on students' adoption of a shade of forest green ("Dartmouth Green") as the school's official color in 1866.<ref name="greencolor"/><ref name="History-of-Dartmouth-Hanover"/> Beginning in the 1920s, the Dartmouth College athletic teams were known by their unofficial nickname "the Indians", a moniker that probably originated among sports journalists.<ref name="ad-green"/> This unofficial mascot and team name was used until the early 1970s, when its use came under criticism. In 1974, the Trustees declared the "use of the [Indian] symbol in any form to be inconsistent with present institutional and academic objectives of the College in advancing Native American education."<ref name="The 'Big Green' Nickname"/> Some alumni and students, as well as the conservative student newspaper, ''[[The Dartmouth Review]]'', have sought to return the Indian symbol to prominence,<ref name="Dartmouth Indians: The New Tradition"/> but never succeeded in doing so.<ref name="The Banning of the Indian"/>
Various student initiatives have been undertaken to adopt a mascot, but none has become "official." One proposal devised by the college humor magazine the ''[[Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern]]'' was [[Keggy the Keg]], an [[anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] beer keg who makes occasional appearances at college sporting events. Despite student enthusiasm for Keggy,<ref name="Straight from the Tap: the men behind the mascot"/> the mascot has received approval from only the student government.<ref name="thedartmouth4"/> In November 2006, student government attempted to revive the "Dartmoose" as a potential replacement amid renewed controversy surrounding the former unofficial Indian mascot.<ref name="First SA meeting draws crowd"/>
== Alumni ==
{{Main|List of Dartmouth College alumni}}
Dartmouth's alumni are known for their devotion to the college.<ref name="ihe-alum"/> Most start by giving to the Senior Class Gift. According to a 2008 article in ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' based on data from [[payscale.com]], Dartmouth graduates also earn higher median salaries at least 10 years after graduation than alumni of any other American university surveyed.<ref name="Ivy Leaguers' Big Edge: Starting Pay"/>
By 2008, Dartmouth had graduated 238 classes of students and has over 60,000 living alumni in a variety of fields.<ref name="The Alumni Constitution, in Brief"/>
[[Nelson Rockefeller|Nelson A. Rockefeller]], 41st [[Vice President of the United States]] and 49th [[Governor of New York]], graduated ''cum laude'' from Dartmouth with a degree in economics in 1930. Over 164 Dartmouth graduates have served in the [[United States Senate]] and [[United States House of Representatives]],<ref name="dartmouthclub"/> such as Massachusetts statesman [[Daniel Webster]].<ref name="dartmouthclub"/> Cabinet members of American presidents include Attorney General [[Amos T. Akerman]],<ref name="Amos T. Akerman"/> Secretary of Defense [[James V. Forrestal]], Secretary of Labor [[Robert Reich]],<ref name="dartmouth5"/> former Secretary of the Treasury [[Henry Paulson]], and former Secretary of the Treasury [[Timothy Geithner]]. [[C. Everett Koop]] was the [[Surgeon General of the United States]] under President Ronald Reagan.<ref name="C. Everett Koop"/> Two Dartmouth alumni have served as justices on the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]: [[Salmon P. Chase]] and [[Levi Woodbury]].<ref name="Salmon P. Chase"/><ref name="Levi Woodbury"/> Eugene Norman Veasey (class of 1954) served as the Chief Justice of Delaware. The 46th and current [[List of Governors of Pennsylvania|Governor of Pennsylvania]] [[Tom Wolf]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Toole|first1=James|title=As Tom Wolf seeks the Pennsylvania governor's office, political life comes full circle|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/news/politics-state/2014/10/12/For-candidate-Tom-Wolf-political-life-comes-full-circle/stories/201410120173|accessdate=January 20, 2015 |agency=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=October 12, 2014}}</ref> and the 42nd and current [[List of Governors of Illinois|Governor of Illinois]], businessman [[Bruce Rauner]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pearson|first1=Rick|title=Bruce Rauner, political rookie, rises to claim governorship|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-bruce-rauner-illinois-governor-20141104-story.html|accessdate=January 9, 2018 |agency=Chicago Tribune|date=November 5, 2014}}</ref> are also Dartmouth alumni.
In literature and journalism, Dartmouth has produced thirteen [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners: Thomas M. Burton,<ref name="Wall Street, Aneurysms and Explanatory Writing: An Interview With Thomas Burton '71"/> [[Richard Eberhart]],<ref name="Richard Eberhart"/> [[Dan Fagin]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lee |first1=Fred |title=Dan Fagin ’85 Awarded 2014 Pulitzer Prize for ‘Toms River’ |url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2014/04/dan-fagin-85-awarded-2014-pulitzer-prize-for-toms-river/ |accessdate=January 15, 2015 |work=Dartmouth Now |date=April 23, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115201913/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2014/04/dan-fagin-85-awarded-2014-pulitzer-prize-for-toms-river/ |archivedate=January 15, 2015 |df= }}</ref> [[Paul Gigot]], [[Frank Gilroy]], [[Jake Hooker (journalist)|Jake Hooker]],<ref name="More GreenNews"/> [[Nigel Jaquiss]],<ref name="The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2005"/> Joseph Rago,<ref name="WSJ's Rago Wins Pulitzer Prize"/> [[Martin J. Sherwin]],<ref name="History6"/> [[David K. Shipler]],<ref name="Six to receive Social Justice Awards"/> David Shribman, and [[Justin Harvey Smith]].
Other authors and media personalities include ABC Senior White House correspondent [[Jake Tapper]], novelist and founding editor of ''The Believer'' [[Heidi Julavits]], "Dean of rock critics" [[Robert Christgau]], National Book Award winners [[Louise Erdrich]] and [[Phil Klay]], novelist/screenwriter [[Budd Schulberg]],<ref name="dartmouth7"/> political analyst [[Dinesh D'Souza]],<ref name="About Dinesh D'Souza"/> radio talk show host [[Laura Ingraham]],<ref name="Ingraham '85 to speak on election"/> commentator [[Mort Kondracke]],<ref name="Mort Kondracke"/> and journalist [[James Panero]].<ref name="James Panero"/> [[Norman Maclean]], a former professor at the University of Chicago<ref name="Professor, Outdoorsman, Now a Novelist—Norman Maclean 'Finds Life Again' at 73" /> and author of ''A River Runs Through It and Other Stories'', graduated from Dartmouth in 1924.<ref name="And to Think That It Happened at Dartmouth" /> Theodor Geisel, better known as children's author [[Dr. Seuss]], was a member of the class of 1925.<ref name="Who's Who & What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss"/>
In the area of religion and theology, Dartmouth alumni include priests and ministers [[Ebenezer Porter]], [[Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs]], [[Caleb Sprague Henry]], [[Arthur Whipple Jenks]], [[Solomon Spalding]], and [[Joseph Tracy]]; and rabbis [[Marshall Meyer]], [[Arnold Resnicoff]], and [[David E. Stern]].<ref name="CalebHenry"/><ref name="SolSpaldingAlum"/><ref name="The Bibliography of Vermont: Or, A List of Books and Pamphlets Relating"/><ref name="RabiStern"/><ref name="Alum-Resnicoff"/> [[Hyrum Smith]], brother of Mormon Prophet [[Joseph Smith]], attended the college in his teens. He was Patriarch of the [[LDS Church]].
Dartmouth alumni in academia include [[Stuart Kauffman]] and [[Jeffrey Weeks (mathematician)|Jeffrey Weeks]], both recipients of [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellowships]] (commonly called "genius grants").<ref name="Stuart Kauffman"/><ref name="Vita for Dr. Jeffrey Weeks"/> Dartmouth has also graduated three [[Nobel Prize]] winners: [[Owen Chamberlain]] ([[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]], 1959),<ref name="Owen Chamberlain"/> [[K. Barry Sharpless]] ([[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], 2001),<ref name="K. Berry Sharpless curriculum vitae"/> and [[George Davis Snell]] ([[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]], 1980).<ref name="George Davis Snell"/> Educators include founder and first president of [[Bates College]], [[Oren Burbank Cheney]] (1839),<ref name="Oren B. Cheney" /> the current chancellor of the [[University of California, San Diego]], [[Marye Anne Fox]] (PhD. in Chemistry, 1974),<ref name="dartmouth8" /> founding president of [[Vassar College]] [[Milo Parker Jewett]],<ref name="Double Play: Women's Education and Anti-Slavery"/> founder and first president of Kenyon College [[Philander Chase]],<ref name="Philander Chase"/> first professor of Wabash College [[Caleb Mills]],<ref name="Wabash College: The First Hundred Years, 1832–1932"/> and former president of Union College [[Charles Augustus Aiken]].<ref name="The Woodward Succession: A Brief History of the Dartmouth College Library, 1769–2002"/><ref name="Past Presidents of Union"/> Nine of Dartmouth's 17 presidents were alumni of the College.<ref name="dart-pres"/>
Dartmouth alumni serving as CEOs or company presidents and executives include [[Charles Alfred Pillsbury]], founder of the [[Pillsbury Company]] and patriarch of the Pillsbury family, [[Sandy Alderson]] ([[San Diego Padres]]),<ref name="strategyplus"/> [[John Donahoe]] ([[eBay]]), [[Louis V. Gerstner, Jr.]] ([[IBM]]),<ref name="The Networked World: Are We Ready For It?"/> [[Charles E. Haldeman]] ([[Putnam Investments]]),<ref name="Dartmouth Board of Trustees Biographies"/> [[Donald J. Hall, Sr.]] ([[Hallmark Cards]]),<ref name="William Jewell Honors Kansas City Business Leaders with Yates Medal"/> [[Jeffrey R. Immelt]] ([[General Electric]]),<ref name="GE's Jeffrey Immelt to speak at Dartmouth Entrepreneurship Conference"/> [[Gail Koziara Boudreaux]] ([[United Health Care]]),<ref name="christian"/> [[Grant Tinker]] ([[NBC]]),<ref name="Tinker, Grant"/> and [[Brian Goldner]] ([[Hasbro]]).<ref name="In charge at Hasbro"/>
In film, entertainment, and television, Dartmouth is represented by Budd Schulberg, [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning screenwriter of ''[[On the Waterfront]]'', [[Michael Phillips (producer)|Michael Phillips]], who won the Academy Award for best picture as co-producer of ''[[The Sting]]'', [[Rachel Dratch]], a cast member of ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'',<ref name = "daem"/> [[Shonda Rhimes]] creator of ''[[Grey's Anatomy]], [[Private Practice (TV series)|Private Practice]]'' and ''[[Scandal (TV series)|Scandal]]'',<ref name="grey"/> [[Chris Meledandri]] Executive Producer of ''[[Ice Age (franchise)|Ice Age]]'', ''[[Horton Hears a Who! (film)|Horton Hears a Who!]]'', and ''[[Despicable Me]]'',<ref name="daem"/> and the title character of ''[[Mister Rogers' Neighborhood]]'', [[Fred Rogers]].<ref name="'Mister Rogers' to give Dartmouth Commencement Address"/> Other notable film and television figures include [[Sarah Wayne Callies]] (''[[Prison Break]]''),<ref name="Alums bring Fringe fave to Hop"/> Emmy Award winner [[Michael Moriarty]],<ref name="daem"/> [[Andrew Shue]] of ''[[Melrose Place]]'',<ref name="Andrew Shue"/> [[Aisha Tyler]] of ''[[Friends]]'' and ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'',<ref name="daem"/> [[Connie Britton]] of ''[[Spin City]]'', ''[[The West Wing]]'' and ''[[Friday Night Lights (TV series)|Friday Night Lights]]'', [[Mindy Kaling]] of ''[[The Office (U.S. TV series)|The Office]]'' and ''[[The Mindy Project]]'',<ref name="daem"/> and [[David Harbour]] of ''[[Stranger Things]]''.
A number of Dartmouth alumni have found success in professional sports. In baseball, Dartmouth alumni include All-Star and three-time [[Gold Glove]] winner and manager [[Brad Ausmus]],<ref name="Ausmus '91 produces Gold Gloves and success for Astros"/> All-Star reliever [[Mike Remlinger]],<ref name="Mike Remlinger"/> and pitcher [[Kyle Hendricks]]. Professional football players include former Miami Dolphins quarterback [[Jay Fiedler]],<ref name="Dolphins still winning, Jay Fiedler '94 still standing"/> linebacker [[Reggie Williams (linebacker)|Reggie Williams]],<ref name="2004 Greater Flint Afro-American Hall of Fame: Reggie Williams"/><ref name="dartmouthsports"/> three-time Pro Bowler [[Nick Lowery]],<ref name="Football star Nick Lowery to discuss community service Oct. 29 at Dartmouth"/> quarterback [[Jeff Kemp]],<ref name="Jeff Kemp"/> and Tennessee Titans tight end [[Casey Cramer]], plus Miami Dolphins defensive coordinator [[Matt Burke (American football)|Matt Burke]].<ref name="Sports Roundup"/> Dartmouth has also produced a number of Olympic competitors. [[Adam Nelson]] won the silver medal in the shot put in the [[2000 Sydney Olympics]] and the gold medal at the [[2004 Athens Olympics]] to go along with his gold medal in the [[2005 World Championships in Athletics]] in [[Helsinki]].<ref name="usatf.org"/> [[Kristin King]] and [[Sarah Parsons]] were members of the United States' 2006 bronze medal-winning ice hockey team.<ref name="thed-olymp-ath"/><ref name="Sports: One on One"/> [[Cherie Piper]], [[Gillian Apps]], and [[Katie Weatherston]] were among Canada's ice hockey gold medalists in 2006.<ref name="Cherie Piper"/><ref name="Gillian Apps"/><ref name="Katie Weatherston"/>
[[Dick Durrance]] and [[Tim Caldwell (skier)|Tim Caldwell]] competed for the United States in skiing in the 1936 and 1976 Winter Olympics, respectively.<ref name="Dick Durrance, America's Champion"/><ref name="dartmouth-pdf"/> [[Arthur Shaw (athlete)|Arthur Shaw]],<ref name="bgtf"/> [[Earl Thomson]],<ref name="NCAA Champions from Dartmouth College"/> [[Edwin Myers]],<ref name="bgtf"/> [[Marc Wright]],<ref name="bgtf"/> Adam Nelson,<ref name="usatf.org"/> [[Gerry Ashworth]],<ref name="bgtf"/> and [[Vilhjálmur Einarsson]]<ref name="bgtf"/> have all won medals in track and field events. Former heavyweight [[rowing (sport)|rower]] [[Dominic Seiterle]] is a member of the Canadian national rowing team and won a gold medal at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in the men's [[Eight (rowing)|8+]] event.<ref name="Gold in Men's Eight, Bronze in Women's Double, Men's Four"/>
<gallery class="center" caption="Notable Dartmouth alumni include:" widths="150px" heights="150px">
File:Jb modern frost 2 e.jpg|[[Robert Frost]], poet
File:Ted Geisel NYWTS 2 crop.jpg|[[Dr. Seuss]], writer and illustrator
File:Henry Paulson official Treasury photo, 2006.jpg|[[Henry Paulson]], former CEO of [[Goldman Sachs]] and [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]]
File:Timothy Geithner official portrait.jpg|[[Timothy Geithner]], former [[United States Secretary of the Treasury]]
File:Mathew Brady, Portrait of Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, officer of the United States government (1860–1865, full version).jpg|[[Salmon Chase]], former [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice of the U.S.]]
File:Daniel Webster.jpg|[[Daniel Webster]], former [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]]
File:Nelson Rockefeller.jpg|[[Nelson Rockefeller]], former [[Vice President of the United States]]
File:SenatorGillibrandpic.jpg|[[Kirsten Gillibrand]], American politician
File:Robert Reich at the UT Liz Carpenter Lecture 2015.JPG|[[Robert Reich]], political commentator, professor, and author
File:Sarah Wayne Callies Comic-Con 4, 2012.jpg|[[Sarah Wayne Callies]], actress
File:MindyKaling08.jpg|[[Mindy Kaling]], actress and comedian
File:Connie Britton 2013.jpg|[[Connie Britton]], actress, singer and producer
File:Shonda Rhimes 2008.jpg|[[Shonda Rhimes]], television producer and writer
File:Ausmuscrop.jpg|[[Brad Ausmus]], baseball player
File:Jake Tapper at the White House.jpg|[[Jake Tapper]], journalist, author, and commentator
</gallery>
== In popular culture ==
Dartmouth College has appeared in or been referenced by a number of popular media. Most notably, the 1978 comedy film ''[[National Lampoon's Animal House]]'' was co-written by [[Chris Miller (writer)|Chris Miller]] '63,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/dartmouth-frat-inspired-animal-house-shut-article-1.2216559|title=Dartmouth 'Animal House' frat loses appeal to stay on campus|access-date=September 10, 2016}}</ref> and is based loosely on a series of stories he wrote about his fraternity days at Dartmouth. In a CNN interview, [[John Landis]] said the movie was "based on Chris Miller's real fraternity at Dartmouth", [[Dartmouth College Greek organizations#Alpha Delta|Alpha Delta Phi]].<ref name="Interview with John Landis"/> Dartmouth's Winter Carnival tradition was the subject of the 1939 film ''Winter Carnival'' starring [[Ann Sheridan]] and written by [[Budd Schulberg]] '36 and [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]].<ref name="tdr-wc"/>
{{clear}}
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<!--ref name="2013 admissions">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/fact_card_fall_2013_updated.pdf | title = Dartmouth Facts And Figures: Fall 2013 | first = Josh | last = Jensen | date = 2013 | work = Dartmouth.edu }}</ref-->
<ref name="'Mister Rogers' to give Dartmouth Commencement Address">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2002/may/050202.html | title = 'Mister Rogers' to give Dartmouth Commencement Address | work = Dartmouth News | date = May 2, 2002 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152153/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2002/may/050202.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="15th President Installed at Dartmouth">{{cite news | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE4DC1231F933A15754C0A961948260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fOrganizations%2fD%2fDartmouth%20College | title = 15th President Installed at Dartmouth | first = Matthew L | last = Wald | date = July 20, 1987 | work =The New York Times| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="2004 Greater Flint Afro-American Hall of Fame: Reggie Williams">{{cite web|url=http://www.flint.lib.mi.us/hallfame/04/rwilliams.shtml |accessdate=January 12, 2007 |title=2004 Greater Flint Afro-American Hall of Fame: Reggie Williams |work=Flint Public Library |date=October 25, 2005 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013145530/http://flint.lib.mi.us/hallfame/04/rwilliams.shtml |archivedate=October 13, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="A Frat Party Is:; a) Milk and Cookies; b) Beer Pong">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/07/education/a-frat-party-is-a-milk-and-cookies-b-beer-pong.html | title = A Frat Party Is:; a) Milk and Cookies; b) Beer Pong | first = Randy | last = Kennedy | work =The New York Times | quote = ... at Dartmouth College a place where traditions die hard ... | date = November 7, 1999 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="A History of American Higher Education">{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=y4GXfnoJdFkC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1 | title = A History of American Higher Education | first = John R. | last = Thelin | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-8018-7855-8 }}</ref>
<ref name="A Proposal for a Heraldic Coat of Arms for Dartmouth College">{{cite web | first = Jonathan | last = Good | title = A Proposal for a Heraldic Coat of Arms for Dartmouth College | url = http://www.dartmo.com/proposal/index.html | publisher = Dartmo. | accessdate = December 2, 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="About Dartmouth – History">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/history.html |title=About Dartmouth – History |publisher=Dartmouth.edu |accessdate=October 15, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928043724/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/history.html |archivedate=September 28, 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="About Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center">{{cite web | url = http://www.dhmc.org/webpage.cfm?site_id=2&org_id=566&morg_id=0&sec_id=0&gsec_id=39&item_id=41397 | title = About Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center | publisher = Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080117140653/http://www.dhmc.org/webpage.cfm?site_id=2&org_id=566&morg_id=0&sec_id=0&gsec_id=39&item_id=41397| archivedate = January 17, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="About Dinesh D'Souza">{{cite web | url = http://www.dineshdsouza.com/more/about.html | title = About Dinesh D'Souza | publisher = DineshDSouza.com | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="About UPNE">{{cite web | url = http://www.upne.com/aboutupne.html | title = About UPNE | publisher = University Press of New England | accessdate = March 4, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="About the Program">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~doc/firstyeartrips/about/ | title = About the Program | publisher = Dartmouth Outing Club | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Academics & Research">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/academics_research/ | title = Academics & Research | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080615132909/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/academics_research/| archivedate = June 15, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Administrative Departments in Collis Center">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/collis/admin.html | title = Administrative Departments in Collis Center | publisher = Collis Center & Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Alum-Resnicoff">{{cite web|url=http://www.charitywire.com/charity11/00743.html|title=Rabbi Arnold E. Resnicoff Named National Director of Interreligious Relations|date=October 4, 2001|publisher=American Jewish Committee (via Charity Wire)|accessdate=February 8, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708135409/http://www.charitywire.com/charity11/00743.html|archivedate=July 8, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="Alumni Gym">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590342 | title = Alumni Gym | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161607/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590342 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Alums bring Fringe fave to Hop">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2005/01/06/arts/alums/ | title = Alums bring Fringe fave to Hop | first = Jennifer | last = Garfinkel | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 6, 2005 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Amos T. Akerman">{{cite web | url = http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-660 | title = Amos T. Akerman | work = The New Georgia Encyclopedia | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Andrew Shue">{{cite web | url = http://www.ivy50.com/story.aspx?sid=11/14/2006 | title = Andrew Shue | first = E.J. | last = Crawford | work = Ivy@50 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="And to Think That It Happened at Dartmouth">{{cite news|url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2010/06/and-to-think-that-it-happened-at-dartmouth/ |title=And to Think That It Happened at Dartmouth |first=Steve |last=Smith |work=The Dartmouth |date=June 5, 2010 |accessdate=December 7, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924014457/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2010/06/and-to-think-that-it-happened-at-dartmouth/ |archivedate=September 24, 2011 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Assembly reworks UFC membership guidelines">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2006/01/18/news/assembly-reworks-ufc-membership-guidelines | title = Assembly reworks UFC membership guidelines | first = Katy | last = O'Donnell | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 18, 2006 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Atkin Olshin Lawson-Bell Architects">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/archives/category/history | title = Atkin Olshin Lawson-Bell Architects | work = Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Ausmus '91 produces Gold Gloves and success for Astros">{{cite news | url = http://www.thedartmouth.com/article.php?aid=2003051903030 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20051103090612/http://www.thedartmouth.com/article.php?aid=2003051903030 | archivedate = November 3, 2005 | title = Ausmus '91 produces Gold Gloves and success for Astros | first = Elliot | last = Olshansky | work =The Dartmouth| date = May 19, 2003 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Baker Library Bell Tower">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/bakerberry/general/bells.html | publisher = Dartmouth College Libraries | title = Baker Library Bell Tower | accessdate = March 14, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="Bartlett Hall's Wheelock Memorial Window">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/index.php?cat=12 | title = Bartlett Hall's Wheelock Memorial Window | work = Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Battle for Board leaves boardroom">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/09/19/news/board/ | work =The Dartmouth| first = William | last = Schpero | title = Battle for Board leaves boardroom | date = September 19, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Berry Library">{{cite web | url = https://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/bakerberry/general/AboutBaker-BerryLibrary.html | title = About Baker-Berry Library | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = November 11, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Berry Sports Center">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590343 | title = Berry Sports Center | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081210063508/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590343 | archive-date = December 10, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Best 361 Colleges">{{cite book | last = The Princeton Review | title = Best 361 Colleges | location = New York, NY | publisher = Princeton Review Press | year = 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Big Green Bus in the News">{{cite web|url=http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/thebiggreenbus/2006/news.html |title=Big Green Bus in the News |publisher=The Big Green Bus |accessdate=June 5, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928222858/http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/thebiggreenbus/2006/news.html |archivedate=September 28, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="Board adds 8 seats, ends century-old parity">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/09/08/news/board/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307024347/http://thedartmouth.com/2007/09/08/news/board/ | archivedate = March 7, 2008 | title = Board adds 8 seats, ends century-old parity | first = William | last = Schpero | work =The Dartmouth| date = September 8, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Board of trustees vote to change how Dartmouth College is run">{{cite news | url = http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2007/09/08/board_of_trustees_vote_to_change_how_dartmouth_college_is_run/ | title = Board of trustees vote to change how Dartmouth College is run | date = September 7, 2007 | agency = Associated Press | publisher = The Boston Globe | accessdate = August 20, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Booz Allen Hamilton Lists the World's Most Enduring Institutions">{{cite web | url = http://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/media/file/Worlds_Most_Enduring_Institutions.pdf | title = The World's Most Enduring Institutions | publisher = Booz Allen Hamilton | date = December 16, 2004 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031905/http://www.boozallen.com/content/dam/boozallen/media/file/Worlds_Most_Enduring_Institutions.pdf | archivedate = February 7, 2017 | df = mdy-all }}; "Dartmouth College went from a floundering, financially weak institution of about 300 students over the next 20 years to an enrollment of more than 2,000, a robust endowment, and a national reputation as the most prestigious undergraduate college in the United States."</ref>
<ref name="C. Everett Koop">{{cite web | url = http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/history/biokoop.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061209104434/http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/history/biokoop.htm | archivedate=December 9, 2006 | title = C. Everett Koop | publisher = United States Department of Health & Human Services | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="CIC Historic Campus Architecture Project">{{cite web|url=http://www.cic.edu/projects_services/grants/getty_definitions.pdf |title=CIC Historic Campus Architecture Project |format=PDF |publisher=The Council of Independent Colleges |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625151916/http://www.cic.edu/projects_services/grants/getty_definitions.pdf |archivedate=June 25, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="COSO Student Organizations">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/coso/orgs.html | title = COSO Student Organizations | publisher = Collis Center and Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="CalebHenry">{{cite book|last=Marsh|first=James|author2=John J. Duffy|title=Coleridge's American disciples: the selected correspondence of James Marsh|publisher=Univ of Massachusetts Press|year=1973|page=128|isbn=978-0-87023-121-6|url=https://books.google.com/?id=57WQmJGCQuIC&pg=PA128}}</ref>
<ref name="Campus Life: Clubs and Organizations">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/campus_life/clubs.html | title = Campus Life: Clubs and Organizations | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Campus Map">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/campusmap.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071229072128/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/campusmap.shtml | archivedate=December 29, 2007 | title = Campus Map | publisher = Dartmouth Dining Services | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Cherie Piper">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=648518 | title = Cherie Piper | publisher = Big Green Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Classifications: Dartmouth College">{{cite web|url=http://carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=15105&start=782 |title=Classifications: Dartmouth College |publisher=The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013162546/http://carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=15105&start=782 |archivedate=October 13, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Club Sports">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=718210 | title = Club Sports | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208160621/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=718210 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Coed, Fraternity, and Sorority Administration">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~orl/greek-soc/cfs/ | title = Coed, Fraternity, and Sorority Administration | publisher = Office of Residential Life | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="College Sustainability Report Card 2008">{{cite web | title = College Sustainability Report Card 2008 | publisher = Sustainable Endowments Institute | url = http://www.endowmentinstitute.org/ | accessdate = May 21, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Collis Center">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/collis/index.html | title = Collis Center | publisher = Collis Center & Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Collis Floor Plans">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/collis/floorplan.html | title = Collis Floor Plans | publisher = Collis Center & Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="CricketRauner">{{cite web|url=http://raunerlibrary.blogspot.com/2010/01/is-this-cricket.html|title=Rauner Library Blog: Is This Cricket?|date=January 29, 2010|publisher=Dartmouth College Library|accessdate=February 10, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Current Capital Projects">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~opdc/projects/index.html | title = Current Capital Projects | publisher = Office of Planning, Design & Construction | accessdate = February 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="DOCalumnimag">{{cite journal|last=Collins|first=Jim|date=December 2009|title=100 Years of the Dartmouth Outing Club |journal=The Dartmouth Alumni Magazine|publisher=Dartmouth College|location=Hanover, NH|issue=November–December 2009 |page=38|issn=2150-671X}}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Board of Trustees Biographies">{{cite news| url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~trustees/biographies/haldeman.html | title = Dartmouth Board of Trustees Biographies | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth College's Board of Trustees Elects Five Alumni as New Trustees">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2008/09/05.html | title = Dartmouth College's Board of Trustees Elects Five Alumni as New Trustees | first = Dartmouth | last = College | work = Press Release | date = September 5, 2008 | accessdate = October 3, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080912051157/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2008/09/05.html | archivedate = September 12, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth College: Services and Facilities">{{cite web | url = http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drservices_2573_brief.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225214741/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drservices_2573_brief.php | archivedate = February 25, 2008 | title = Dartmouth College: Services and Facilities | work = [[U.S. News and World Report]] | accessdate = September 17, 2007 }}</ref>
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<ref name="Dartmouth Landscape Design Guidelines">{{cite web | url = http://www.saucierflynn.com/clients/educational/dartmouth/dartlanddesignguides.php | title = Dartmouth Landscape Design Guidelines | publisher = Saucier + Flynn Landscape Architects | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017144223/http://saucierflynn.com/clients/educational/dartmouth/dartlanddesignguides.php | archivedate = October 17, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Skiway">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~skiway/ | title = Dartmouth Skiway | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Sustainability Initiative">{{cite web | title = Dartmouth Sustainability Initiative | publisher = Dartmouth College | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7Esustain/about/ | accessdate = May 21, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Trustees vote to expand size of board">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2003/11/17b.html | title = Dartmouth Trustees vote to expand size of board | date = November 17, 2003 | work = Dartmouth News | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013095536/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2003/11/17b.html | archivedate = October 13, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth Wins Fourth Consecutive National Title">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/%7Eskating/?DB_OEM_ID=11600 | title = Dartmouth Wins Fourth Consecutive National Title | date = March 27, 2007 | publisher = Dartmouth Figure Skating Team | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dartmouth to Abolish Fraternities and Sororities">{{cite web | url = http://www.academia.org/campus_reports/1999/march_1999_1.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013124325/http://academia.org/campus_reports/1999/march_1999_1.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = Dartmouth to Abolish Fraternities and Sororities | first = Stephan | last = Wellman | work = Accuracy in Academia |date=March 1999 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dick Durrance, America's Champion">{{cite journal | url = https://books.google.com/?id=Z1gEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45 | title = Dick Durrance, America's Champion | first = Morten | last = Lund | journal=Skiing Heritage Journal | date = June 14, 2004 | accessdate = October 21, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dining Locations">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/diningloc.shtml | title = Dining Locations | publisher = Dartmouth Dining Services | accessdate = September 19, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dining Locations: Courtyard Café">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/courtyardcafe.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071031115937/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/text/courtyardcafe.shtml | archivedate=October 31, 2007 | title = Dining Locations: Courtyard Café | publisher = Dartmouth Dining Service | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Divided Association of Alumni sues College">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/10/04/news/suit/ | title = Divided Association of Alumni sues College | first = William | last = Schpero | work =The Dartmouth| date = August 20, 2008 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
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<ref name="Double Play: Women's Education and Anti-Slavery">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/Library_Bulletin/Apr1993/LB-A93-Close2.html | title = Double Play: Women's Education and Anti-Slavery | first = Virginia L | last = Close | work = Dartmouth College Library Bulletin |date = April 1993| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dr. Jim Yong Kim appointed 17th President of Dartmouth College">{{cite press release | title = Dr. Jim Yong Kim appointed 17th President of Dartmouth College | publisher = Dartmouth College | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2009/03/02.html | date = March 2, 2009 | accessdate = March 2, 2009 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090406210255/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2009/03/02.html | archivedate = April 6, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College">{{cite book | first = Dick | last = Hoefnagel |author2=Virginia L. Close | title = Eleazar Wheelock and the Adventurous Founding of Dartmouth College | location = Hanover, New Hampshire | publisher = Durand Press for Hanover Historical Society | year = 2002 }}</ref>
<ref name="Eleazar Wheelock's Two Schools">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1999/Hoefnagel_Close.html | title = Eleazar Wheelock's Two Schools | first = Dick | last = Hoefnagel |author2=Virginia L. Close | work = Dartmouth College Library Bulletin |date=November 1999 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Fieldstock, chariots await town approval">{{cite news|url= http://thedartmouth.com/2006/07/27/news/fieldstock/|title= Fieldstock, chariots await town approval | work =The Dartmouth| first = Jennifer | last = Garfinkel|date = July 26, 2006|accessdate= August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="First SA meeting draws crowd">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/01/10/news/first/ | title = First SA meeting draws crowd | first = Allie | last = Lowe | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 10, 2007 | accessdate = January 24, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Follow-up on the news; Song out of tune with the times">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/01/us/follow-up-on-the-news-song-out-of-tune-with-the-times.html | title = Follow-up on the news; Song out of tune with the times | date = March 1, 1987 | work =The New York Times| accessdate = January 7, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Football star Nick Lowery to discuss community service Oct. 29 at Dartmouth">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/1998/oct98/lowery.html | title = Football star Nick Lowery to discuss community service Oct. 29 at Dartmouth | work = Dartmouth News | date = October 23, 1998 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152138/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/1998/oct98/lowery.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="GE's Jeffrey Immelt to speak at Dartmouth Entrepreneurship Conference">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2004/04/06.html | title = GE's Jeffrey Immelt to speak at Dartmouth Entrepreneurship Conference | first = Sue | last = Knapp | work = Dartmouth News | date = April 9, 2004 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060923074435/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2004/04/06.html | archivedate = September 23, 2006 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="General Academic Requirements for Graduation">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~ugar/premajor/faculty/handbook/generalreqs.html | title = General Academic Requirements for Graduation | publisher = First Year Office | accessdate = October 21, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="George Davis Snell">{{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/553_39.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013115215/http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/553_39.html | archivedate=October 13, 2007 | title = George Davis Snell | work =Encyclopædia Britannica| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gillian Apps">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=648509 | title = Gillian Apps | publisher = Big Green Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gold in Men's Eight, Bronze in Women's Double, Men's Four">{{cite news|url=https://www.tsn.ca/olympics/story/?id=246638&lid=headline&lpos=topStory_olympics|title=Gold in Men's Eight, Bronze in Women's Double, Men's Four|author=The Canadian Press|accessdate=August 18, 2008|date=August 18, 2008|publisher=The Sports Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522203616/http://www.tsn.ca/olympics/story/?id=246638&lid=headline&lpos=topStory_olympics|archive-date=May 22, 2011|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="Green Key History: Those Were the Days">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2004/05/11/green_key_history_those_were_the_days.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103451/http://dartreview.com/archives/2004/05/11/green_key_history_those_were_the_days.php | archivedate = October 23, 2007 | title = Green Key History: Those Were the Days | date = May 11, 2004 | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
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<ref name="Hill Winds, Granite Brains, and Other Dartmouth Traditions">{{cite web|url=http://parents.dartmouth.edu/news_and_events/news_articles/traditions.html |title=Hill Winds, Granite Brains, and Other Dartmouth Traditions |work=Summer 2007 Newsletter |publisher=Dartmouth Parents & Grandparents |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706100958/http://parents.dartmouth.edu/news_and_events/news_articles/traditions.html |archivedate=July 6, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="History of CFS Organizations at Dartmouth">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~greeks/history.html |title=History of CFS Organizations at Dartmouth |publisher=Greek Leadership Council |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218111714/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~greeks/history.html |archivedate=February 18, 2008 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~hccweb/course/history.html |title=History |publisher=Hanover Country Club |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725020344/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~hccweb/course/history.html |archivedate=July 25, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="History-of-Dartmouth-Hanover">{{cite book|last=Chase|first=Frederick|author2=John King Lord|title=A History of Dartmouth College and the Town of Hanover, New Hampshire, Volume 2|publisher=J. Wilson, The Rumford Press|location=Concord, N.H.|year=1913|edition=1|page=373}}</ref>
<ref name="History6">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dickey/jsd_history.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070208150813/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dickey/jsd_history.html | archivedate = February 8, 2007 | title = History | publisher = The John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding | accessdate = November 20, 2007 }}</ref>
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<ref name="Ingraham '85 to speak on election">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2000/oct00/ingraham.html | title = Ingraham '85 to speak on election | work = Dartmouth News | date = October 6, 2006 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081209081129/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2000/oct00/ingraham.html | archivedate = December 9, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Interrogating the S.L.I.">{{cite news | title = Interrogating the S.L.I. | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/01/31/interrogating_the_sli.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103646/http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/01/31/interrogating_the_sli.php | archivedate = October 23, 2007 | date = January 30, 2005 | work =The Dartmouth Review| first = Joseph | last = Rago | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
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<ref name="Ivy Rugby">{{cite web|url=http://www.ivyrugby.com/dartmouth-rugby/dartmouth-men|title=Dartmouth Men|publisher=Ivy Rugby Conference|accessdate=November 11, 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="James O. Freedman">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~presoff/succession/freedman.html | title = James O. Freedman | publisher = Office of the President | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="James Panero">{{cite news | url = http://www.newcriterion.com/author.cfm?AuthorID=16 | title = James Panero | work = The New Criterion | accessdate = October 21, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Jeff Kemp">{{cite web|url=http://premierespeakers.com/2981/index.cfm |title=Jeff Kemp |publisher=Premiere Speakers Bureau |accessdate=December 10, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118192347/http://premierespeakers.com/2981/index.cfm |archivedate=November 18, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="John Sloan Dickey">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~presoff/succession/dickey.html | title = John Sloan Dickey | publisher = Office of the President | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="K. Berry Sharpless curriculum vitae">{{cite web | url = http://www.scripps.edu/chem/sharpless/cv.html | title = K. Berry Sharpless curriculum vitae | publisher = [[Scripps College]] | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Katie Weatherston">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=648492 | title = Katie Weatherston | publisher = Big Green Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Kemeny Hall and Haldeman Center">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~opdc/projects/kh/ | title = Kemeny Hall and Haldeman Center | publisher = Office of Planning, Design, and Construction | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Levi Woodbury">{{cite web | url = https://www.oyez.org/justices/levi_woodbury/ | title = Levi Woodbury | publisher = Oyez Supreme Court Media | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Library Holdings">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/library.pdf | title = Library Holdings | publisher = Dartmouth College Fact Book | accessdate = August 23, 2008 |format=PDF}}</ref>
<ref name="Many Bequests to Carity; Will of Dr. Ordronaux D ...">{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/03/29/104799904.pdf|title=Many Bequests to Charity; Will of Dr. Ordronaux D ... | work =The New York Times | accessdate = February 20, 2009 | format=PDF | date=March 29, 1908}}</ref>
<ref name="Maps and Directions">{{cite web | url = http://dms.dartmouth.edu/about/visitor.shtml | title = Maps and Directions | publisher = Dartmouth Medical School | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="McLaughlin Cluster Residence Halls">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~opdc/projects/mcl/ | title = McLaughlin Cluster Residence Halls | publisher = Office of Planning, Design, and Construction | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Members of the Matariki Network of Universities">{{cite web|url=http://www.matarikinetwork.com/members.html |title=Members of the Matariki Network of Universities |publisher=Matarikinetwork.com |accessdate=October 15, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="Memorial Field">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590352 | title = Memorial Field | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208160616/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590352 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Mike Remlinger">{{cite web | url = http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/players/profile?statsId=4673 | title = Mike Remlinger | work =ESPN| accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="More GreenNews">{{cite web | url = http://alumni.dartmouth.edu/default.aspx?id=1084 | title = More GreenNews | publisher = Dartmouth Office of Alumni Relations | quote = Jake Hooker '95: ''New York Times'' reporter, wins 2008 Pulitzer Prize for journalism for investigative reporting on the flow of dangerous pharmaceutical ingredients from China into world market. (''New York Times'') | accessdate = November 30, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Mort Kondracke">{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,1255,00.html |title=Mort Kondracke |work=[[Fox News]] |date=September 19, 2006 |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907060234/http://foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C1255%2C00.html |archivedate=September 7, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="NCAA Champions from Dartmouth College">{{cite web | url = http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/documents/rb-0304-dartmouth.pdf | format = PDF | title = NCAA Champions from Dartmouth College | publisher = Ivy League Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20041031093713/http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/documents/rb-0304-dartmouth.pdf| archivedate = October 31, 2004}}</ref>
<ref name="Nanometer Pattern Generation System: Dartmouth Seal">{{cite web | first = Joe | last = Nabity | url = http://www.jcnabity.com/dartseal.htm | publisher = Dartmouth College | title = Nanometer Pattern Generation System: Dartmouth Seal | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="No Bridge Left Unburned: Rage at Dartmouth">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~thepress/read.php?id=819 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152346/http://dartmouth.edu/~thepress/read.php?id=819 | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = No Bridge Left Unburned: Rage at Dartmouth | first = Nicholas J | last = Santos | work = The Dartmouth Free Press | date = September 17, 2004 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Open Space Priorities Plan Summary">{{cite web|url=http://www.hanovernh.org/Pages/HanoverNH_BComm/conservationcomm/open/summary |title=Open Space Priorities Plan Summary |publisher=Planning and Zoning Department of the Town of Hanover, New Hampshire |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114144104/http://www.hanovernh.org/Pages/HanoverNH_BComm/conservationcomm/open/summary |archivedate=January 14, 2012 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="Oren B. Cheney">{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/oren-cheney.xml |title=Oren B. Cheney |publisher=Bates College |accessdate=December 10, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015233832/http://www.bates.edu/oren-cheney.xml |archivedate=October 15, 2006 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="Out of the Woods">{{cite news | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,829487,00.html | title = Out of the Woods | work =Time | date = November 23, 1962 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Owen Chamberlain">{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1959/chamberlain-bio.html | title = Owen Chamberlain | publisher = Nobel Foundation | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Past Presidents of Union">{{cite web|url=http://www.union.edu/about/leadership/presidents/index.php |title=Past Presidents of Union |publisher=Union College |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319151023/http://www.union.edu/about/leadership/presidents/index.php |archivedate=March 19, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Philander Chase">{{cite web | url = http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=93 | title = Philander Chase | work = Ohio History Central | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="President Wright to step down in June 2009">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2008/02/04/news/wright/ | title = President Wright to step down in June 2009 | first = Allie | last = Lowe | date = February 4, 2008 | work =The Dartmouth| accessdate = February 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Professor, Outdoorsman, Now a Novelist—Norman Maclean 'Finds Life Again' at 73">{{cite news | url = http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20067215,00.html | title = Professor, Outdoorsman, Now a Novelist—Norman Maclean 'Finds Life Again' at 73 | first = Giovanna | last = Breu | date = December 13, 1976 | work = People | accessdate = December 7, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Programs List All">{{cite web | url = http://ocp-prod.dartmouth.edu/ocp/prod/index.cfm?FuseAction=Programs.Home | title = Programs – List All | publisher = Off-Campus Programs| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="RabiStern">{{cite web|url=http://huc.edu/newspubs/pressroom/07/7/stern.shtml|title=Rabbi David E. Stern Endowed Scholarship Established at HUC-JIR|publisher=Hebrew Union College|accessdate=February 8, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110220016/http://www.huc.edu/newspubs/pressroom/07/7/stern.shtml|archivedate=November 10, 2007|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics">{{cite web |url=http://www.uoguelph.ca/~tstengos/eearank93.pdf |first=Pantelis |last=Kalaitzidakis |first2=Theofanis P. |last2=Mamuneas |first3=Thanasis |last3=Stengos |title=Rankings of Academic Journals and Institutions in Economics |format=PDF |date=June 2003 |publisher=University of Guelph |accessdate=December 28, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821215814/http://www.uoguelph.ca/~tstengos/eearank93.pdf |archivedate=August 21, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="Reagan's Disappearing Bureaucrats">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/14/magazine/reagan-s-disappearing-bureaucrats.html | title = Reagan's Disappearing Bureaucrats | work =The New York Times| first = Phillip | last = Longman | date = February 14, 1988 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Remarks at the Dartmouth College Commencement Ceremony in Hanover, New Hampshire">{{cite web | url = http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/print.php?pid=51477 | first = William J. | last = Clinton | title = Remarks at the Dartmouth College Commencement Ceremony in Hanover, New Hampshire | publisher = The American Presidency Project | date = June 11, 1995 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Richard Eberhart">{{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/177576/Richard-Eberhart | title = Richard Eberhart | work = [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Robinson Hall">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sao/robinson.html | title = Robinson Hall | publisher = Collis Center & Student Activities Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Rugby Fires It Up With New Clubhouse">{{cite web | title = Rugby Fires It Up With New Clubhouse | first = Thomas | last = Monahan | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/10/07/rugby_fires_it_up_with_new_clubhouse.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071118204145/http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/10/07/rugby_fires_it_up_with_new_clubhouse.php | archivedate = November 18, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Salmon P. Chase">{{cite web|url=http://www.tulane.edu/~latner/Chase.html |title=Salmon P. Chase |publisher=[[Tulane University]] |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231131605/http://www.tulane.edu/~latner/Chase.html |archivedate=December 31, 2006 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="Second College Grant">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~doc/secondcollegegrant/ | title = Second College Grant | publisher = Dartmouth Outing Club | accessdate = August 20, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Senior and Undergraduate Society Administration">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~orl/greek-soc/societies/ | title = Senior and Undergraduate Society Administration | publisher = Office of Residential Life | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Six to receive Social Justice Awards">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~vox/0405/0110/awards.html | title = Six to receive Social Justice Awards | first = Laurel | last = Stavis | work = Vox of Dartmouth | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="SolSpaldingAlum">{{cite book|last=Persuitte|first=David|title=Joseph Smith and the origins of the Book of Mormon|publisher=McFarland|year=2000|edition=2|page=277|isbn=978-0-7864-0826-9|url=https://books.google.com/?id=5Zx9qOay304C&pg=PA277}}</ref>
<ref name="Sports Roundup">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dartlife/archives/14-3/sports.html | title = Sports Roundup | publisher = Dartmouth Life | first = Matt | last = Dougherty |date=June 2004 | accessdate = August 9, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="Sports: One on One">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2006/11/13/sportsweekly/one | title = Sports: One on One | first = John | last = Mitchell | work =The Dartmouth| date = November 13, 2006 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<!--<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.colbertnation.com/cn/stephens-bio.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061209062723/http://www.colbertnation.com/cn/stephens-bio.php | archivedate = December 9, 2006 | title = Stephen's Bio | first = Avery | last = Gordon | publisher = Colbert Nation | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>-->
<ref name="Straight from the Tap: the men behind the mascot">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/01/05/arts/straight/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013115341/http://thedartmouth.com/2007/01/05/arts/straight/ | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = Straight from the Tap: the men behind the mascot | first = Kelsey | last=Blodget | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 5, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Stuart Kauffman">{{cite web | url = http://www.esalenctr.org/display/bio.cfm?ID=37 | title = Stuart Kauffman | publisher = Esalen Center for Theory & Research | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Student Life">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/generalinfo/stulife/index.html | title = Student Life | publisher = Admissions and Financial Aid | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The 'Big Green' Nickname">{{cite news | url = http://dartmouthsports.xosn.com/ViewArticle.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590538 | title = The 'Big Green' Nickname | publisher = DartmouthSports.com | date = January 10, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Alumni Constitution, in Brief">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/01/the_alumni_constitution_in_brief.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013162443/http://dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/01/the_alumni_constitution_in_brief.php | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = The Alumni Constitution, in Brief | first = Emily | last = Ghods-Esfahani | work =The Dartmouth Review| date = October 11, 2006 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Arts">{{cite web|url=http://graduate.dartmouth.edu/studentlife/fun/arts.html |title=The Arts |publisher=Graduate Studies |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127233038/http://graduate.dartmouth.edu/studentlife/fun/arts.html |archivedate=January 27, 2012 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="The Banning of the Indian">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/1998/12/15/the_banning_of_the_indian.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071227210646/http://dartreview.com/archives/1998/12/15/the_banning_of_the_indian.php | archivedate = December 27, 2007 | title = The Banning of the Indian | date = December 15, 1998 | first = Jeffrey | last = Hart | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Bibliography of Vermont: Or, A List of Books and Pamphlets Relating">{{cite book | last = Gilman | first = Marcus | title = The Bibliography of Vermont: Or, A List of Books and Pamphlets Relating | publisher = The Free Press Association | year = 1897 | oclc = 04072330 | page = 279}}</ref>
<ref name="The Campus">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/campus.html |title=The Campus |publisher=Dartmouth College |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615134413/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/campus.html |archivedate=June 15, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">{{cite web|url=http://carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/ |title=The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education |publisher=The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822012422/http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/ |archivedate=August 22, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The College on the Hill: A Dartmouth Chronicle">{{cite book | last = Hill | first = Ralph Nading | year = 1965 | title = The College on the Hill: A Dartmouth Chronicle | location = Hanover, New Hampshire | publisher = Dartmouth Publications | pages = 259–260 |lccn=65002598}}</ref>
<ref name="The Dartmouth Green: A Walking Tour of Dartmouth">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~tour/walking/18green.html | publisher = Dartmouth College | title = The Dartmouth Green: A Walking Tour of Dartmouth | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013152351/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~tour/walking/18green.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="The Hopkins Center Turns 40">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2002/nov/110402b.html | title = The Hopkins Center Turns 40 | first = Tamara | last = Steinert | work = Dartmouth News | date = November 4, 2002 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011090847/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2002/nov/110402b.html | archivedate = October 11, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="The Networked World: Are We Ready For It?">{{cite news|url=http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/58/ |title=The Networked World: Are We Ready For It? |work=MIT World |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013193014/http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/58/ |archivedate=October 13, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2005">{{cite web | url = http://www.pulitzer.org/year/2005/investigative-reporting/bio/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071114212535/http://www.pulitzer.org/year/2005/investigative-reporting/bio/ | archivedate=November 14, 2007 | title = The Pulitzer Prize Winners 2005 | publisher = The Pulitzer Prizes | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="The Woodward Succession: A Brief History of the Dartmouth College Library, 1769–2002">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/digital/collections/ocm51588830/ocm51588830.html |title=The Woodward Succession: A Brief History of the Dartmouth College Library, 1769–2002 |author=Krieger, Lois A. |publisher=Dartmouth College |year=2002 |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118162108/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/digital/collections/ocm51588830/ocm51588830.html |archivedate=January 18, 2012 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="grey">{{cite news | url = http://dartmed.dartmouth.edu/fall05/html/vs_greys.php | title = This ''Grey's Anatomy'' isn't gross—but it's a textbook case of a hit show | work = Dartmouth Medical Magazine | date = Fall 2005 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="Thompson Arena">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=590355 | title = Thompson Arena | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Tinker, Grant">{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/T/htmlT/tinkergrant/tinkergrant.htm |accessdate=March 28, 2007 |title=Tinker, Grant |publisher=Museum of Broadcast Communications |first=Susan |last=McLeland |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207125256/http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/T/htmlT/tinkergrant/tinkergrant.htm |archivedate=February 7, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="About Dartmouth">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/facts.html |title=About Dartmouth |accessdate=February 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118181818/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/facts.html |archivedate=January 18, 2012 }}</ref>
<ref name="Town, College Weigh Tubestock Changes">{{cite news| url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2007/08/05/town_college_weigh_tubestock_changes.php| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103421/http://dartreview.com/archives/2007/08/05/town_college_weigh_tubestock_changes.php| archivedate = October 23, 2007 | title = Town, College Weigh Tubestock Changes | first = Samuel | last = Fisher | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Transgenders try to navigate Greek system">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/05/03/news/transgender/ | title = Transgenders try to navigate Greek system | first = Amanda | last = Cohen | date = May 3, 2007 | work =The Dartmouth| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Types of Programs">{{cite web | url = http://ocp-prod.dartmouth.edu/ocp/prod/index.cfm?FuseAction=Abroad.ViewLink&Parent_ID=0&Link_ID=CF68AA77-C37A-2F74-CCDEF6D70AE63083# | title = Types of Programs | publisher = Off-Campus Programs| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Undergraduate Majors">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/academics_research/undergraduate_majors.html | title = Undergraduate Majors | publisher = Dartmouth College| accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080529033719/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/academics_research/undergraduate_majors.html| archivedate = May 29, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="Undergraduate Student Mail">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~fom/services/mail/undergraduatestudentmail.html | title = Undergraduate Student Mail | publisher = Facilities Operations and Management | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Vita for Dr. Jeffrey Weeks">{{cite web|url=http://web.usna.navy.mil/~wdj/colloq/michelson_2005-2006.html |publisher=Division of Mathematics & Science, United States Naval Academy |title=Vita for Dr. Jeffrey Weeks |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013115551/http://web.usna.navy.mil/~wdj/colloq/michelson_2005-2006.html |archivedate=October 13, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="WSJ Ranking the Colleges">{{cite news|url=http://wsjclassroom.com/pdfs/wsj_college_092503.pdf |title=WSJ Ranking the Colleges |year=2003 |accessdate=December 3, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325165556/http://www.wsjclassroom.com/pdfs/wsj_college_092503.pdf |archivedate=March 25, 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="WSJ's Rago Wins Pulitzer Prize">{{cite news | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703916004576271222668393848|title=WSJ's Rago Wins Pulitzer Prize|date=April 19, 2011|publisher=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=October 21, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="Wabash College: The First Hundred Years, 1832–1932">{{cite book | last = Osborne | first = James Insley |author2=Theodore Gregory Gronert | title = Wabash College: The First Hundred Years, 1832–1932 | publisher = R. E. Banta | location = [[Crawfordsville, Indiana]] | year = 1932 | page = 31}}</ref>
<ref name="Wall Street, Aneurysms and Explanatory Writing: An Interview With Thomas Burton '71">{{cite news | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dujs/2004F/Burton.pdf | format = PDF | title = Wall Street, Aneurysms and Explanatory Writing: An Interview With Thomas Burton '71 | first = Meredith | last = Curtis | work = Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science | date = Fall 2004 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="What is the Ivy League?">{{cite web | url = http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/whatisivy/index.asp | title = What is the Ivy League? | publisher = Ivy League Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080428083826/http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/whatisivy/index.asp| archivedate = April 28, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="What percentage of Dartmouth students play a varsity sport?">{{cite web | url = http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/athletics/12.html | title = What percentage of Dartmouth students play a varsity sport? | work = Ask Dartmouth | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = September 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="When did Dartmouth become co-educational?">{{cite web | url = http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/stulife/11.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070625061943/http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/stulife/11.html | dead-url = yes | archive-date = June 25, 2007 | publisher = Dartmouth College | title = When did Dartmouth become co-educational? | work = AskDartmouth | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Who's Who & What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~drseuss/ |title=Who's Who & What's What in the Books of Dr. Seuss |first=Edward Connery |last=Lathem |date=November 2000 |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807045214/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~drseuss/ |archivedate=August 7, 2008 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="William Jewell Honors Kansas City Business Leaders with Yates Medal">{{cite news|url=http://campus.jewell.edu/contacts/headlines/headline_371.html |title=William Jewell Honors Kansas City Business Leaders with Yates Medal |first=Rob |last=Eisele |publisher=[[William Jewell College]] |date=August 26, 1998 |accessdate=December 10, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050212105620/http://campus.jewell.edu/contacts/headlines/headline_371.html |archivedate=February 12, 2005 }}</ref>
<ref name="William Jewett Tucker">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~presoff/succession/tucker.html | title = William Jewett Tucker | publisher = Office of the President | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="Working Rules and Procedures">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~reg/regulations/undergrad/working-rules.html | title = Working Rules and Procedures | publisher = Office of the Registrar | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="abc-greek">{{cite news | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/25/AR2007052500108.html | publisher = Washington Post | title = Conservatives Gain Ground at Dartmouth: Dartmouth Alumni Elect Conservatives to Trustees Amid Struggle to Change College's Direction | date = May 25, 2007 | first = Katharine | last = Webster | agency = Associated Press | accessdate = October 21, 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="about-dartmouth-athletics">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=584935 | title = About Dartmouth Athletics | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161628/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=584935 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="about-dartmouth-facts">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/facts.html |title=About Dartmouth: Facts |publisher=Dartmouth College |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527022923/http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/facts.html |archivedate=May 27, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="about-nap">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~nap/about/ | title = About the Native American Program | publisher = Native American Program | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="ad-green">{{cite web | url = http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/stulife/19.html | title = Is "The Big Green" really Dartmouth's mascot? If so, where does it come from and what does it mean? | work = AskDartmouth | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="bgtf">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=48808&SPID=4706&DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=588599 | title = Men's Track & Field Olympians | publisher = Big Green Sports | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="carnegiefoundation">{{cite web|url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=182670|title=Carnegie Classifications | Institution Profile |publisher=Classifications.carnegiefoundation.org |date= |accessdate=October 15, 2010}}</ref>
<ref name="charter">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/charter/charter.html | title = The Charter of Dartmouth College | publisher = Dartmo.com | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="chi">{{cite web | url = http://chi.gospelcom.net/DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-30-2002.shtml | archiveurl = https://archive.is/20080407201012/http://chi.gospelcom.net/DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-30-2002.shtml | archivedate = April 7, 2008 | title = Samson Occom | publisher = Christian History Institute | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="christian">{{cite news | first = Christian | last = Weeks | title = Hank Paulson '68, Business Big Shot | work = BuzzFlood | date = October 5, 2005 }}</ref>
<ref name="collections">Dartmouth College, Trustees' Records, 1:26. Dartmouth College Library, Special Collections, DA-1.</ref>
<ref name="d-maps">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~maps/ | title = Dartmouth Maps | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="d-plan-admin">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/generalinfo/overview/dplan.html | title = D-Plan | publisher = Admissions and Financial Aid| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="daem">{{cite web|url=http://alum.dartmouthentertainment.org/ |title=Dartmouth Alumni in Entertainment and Media Association |accessdate=December 10, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212215659/http://alum.dartmouthentertainment.org/ |archivedate=February 12, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="dart-pres">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/DartmouthPresidents.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061207191931/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/DartmouthPresidents.shtml | archivedate = December 7, 2006 | title = Presidents of Dartmouth College | publisher = Rauner Special Collections Library, Dartmouth College | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="dartmo-green">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmo.com/buildings/ghijkbldg.html#thegreen | title = The Green | work = Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050208010609/http://www.dartmo.com/buildings/ghijkbldg.html#thegreen | archivedate = February 8, 2005 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth-pdf">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/pdfs/gib-completebook.pdf |title=Pamphlet |publisher=Dartmouth College |format=PDF |accessdate=August 22, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927154156/http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/pdfs/gib-completebook.pdf |archivedate=September 27, 2007 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth3">''Dartmouth Outing Guide'' p. 56.</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth5">{{cite web|url=http://now.dartmouth.edu/2011/07/leading-voices-lecturer-robert-reich-68/|title=Leading Voices Lecturer: Robert Reich '68|date=July 20, 2011|publisher=Dartmouth College|accessdate=October 21, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406233636/http://now.dartmouth.edu/2011/07/leading-voices-lecturer-robert-reich-68/|archivedate=April 6, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth7">[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2006/11/21a.html Dartmouth News] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206144751/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/releases/2006/11/21a.html |date=February 6, 2007 }}, "Dartmouth acquires Budd Schulberg '36 papers"</ref>
<ref name="dartmouth8">{{cite web|url=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dartlife/archives/14-3/fox.html |title=Dartmouth Grad Named New UCSD Chancellor |publisher=Dartmouth.edu |accessdate=September 22, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouthclub">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.org/clubs/washdc/congress.html | title = Members of Congress | publisher = Dartmouth Club of Washington, D.C. | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="dartmouthsports">{{cite news | title = Ivy Football Association To Honor Reggie Williams '76 | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=698693 | work = Big Green Sports | date = January 12, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="dcaf">{{cite web | url = http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=576518 | title = Dartmouth College Athletic Facilities | publisher = Dartmouth Sports | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161621/http://dartmouthsports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&KEY=&ATCLID=576518 | archive-date = December 8, 2008 | dead-url = yes | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="good">{{cite journal | first = Jonathan | last = Good | title = Notes from the Special Collections: The Dartmouth College Seal | work = Dartmouth College Library Bulletin | issue = NS 37 |date=April 1997 | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/Library_Bulletin/Apr1997/Good.html | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="greencolor">{{cite web | url = http://ask.dartmouth.edu/categories/misc/22.html | title = Why is green Dartmouth's color? | work = AskDartmouth | publisher = Dartmouth College | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="history-lesson">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/rauner/dartmouth/dartmouth_history.html | title = A Dartmouth History Lesson for Freshman | first = Francis Lane | last = Childs | work = Dartmouth Alumni Magazine |date=December 1957 | accessdate = February 12, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="homecoming-history">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/10/21/a_history_of_homecoming.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013162436/http://dartreview.com/archives/2005/10/21/a_history_of_homecoming.php | archivedate = October 13, 2007 | title = A History of Homecoming | first = Joseph | last = Rago | date = October 21, 2005 | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="hop-info">{{cite web | url = http://hop.dartmouth.edu/about/gen-info.html | title = General Information & History | publisher = Hopkins Center for the Arts | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225225610/http://hop.dartmouth.edu/about/gen-info.html| archivedate = February 25, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="ihe-alum">{{cite news | url = http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/09/10/dartmouth | title = Dartmouth Approves Controversial Board Changes | first = Scott | last = Jaschik | work = Inside Higher Education | date = September 10, 2007 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="irs">{{cite web|url= http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2005/020/222/2005-020222111-02604b96-9.pdf|format=PDF|title=2005 Form 990|publisher= GuideStar.org|accessdate=August 23, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="kemeny-bio">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/features/succession/kemeny.html | title = The Wheelock Succession of Dartmouth Presidents: John G. Kemeny, 1970–1981 | work = Dartmouth News | accessdate = May 12, 2008 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080908044948/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~news/features/succession/kemeny.html | archivedate = September 8, 2008 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
<ref name="navyarchives-v-12">{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html |title=Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel |publisher=National Archives |last= |first= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |year=2011}}</ref>
<ref name="nhspe">{{cite news | url = http://www.nhspe.org/pages/observer/Feb_3.pdf | format = PDF | title = Dartmouth College's Berry/Baker Library | work = The Observer | publisher = New Hampshire Society of Professional Engineers |date = February 2003| accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625151916/http://www.nhspe.org/pages/observer/Feb_3.pdf| archivedate = June 25, 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="nlestk">{{cite web | url = http://thedartmouth.com/ | title = The Dartmouth | publisher = The Dartmouth | accessdate = January 27, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="orl">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~orl/housing/intro.html | title = Introduction: Housing on Campus | publisher = Office of Residential Life | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="politicalstudies">{{cite web|url=http://www.politicalstudies.org/pdf/psr/hix.pdf |title=psr_11 |accessdate=December 21, 2004 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041221043317/http://www.politicalstudies.org/pdf/psr/hix.pdf |archivedate=December 21, 2004 |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="requirements">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~reg/regulations/undergrad/degree-req.html | title = Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts | publisher = Office of the Registrar | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="rscl">{{cite web | url = http://www.dartmouth.edu/~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/AlmaMater.shtml | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080116122524/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/AlmaMater.shtml | archivedate = January 16, 2008 | title = The Alma Mater | first = Barbara L. | last = Krieger | publisher = Dartmouth College Library Rauner Special Collections Library | accessdate = January 7, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="steph">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2006/05/19/opinion/stephs/ | title = Steph's So Dartmouth | work =The Dartmouth| date = May 19, 2006 | first = Stephanie | last = Herbert | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="strategyplus">{{cite web | url = http://www.strategyplus.org/calendar_details.php?ID=57 | title = Richard "Sandy" Alderson, Chief Executive Officer, San Diego Padres | publisher = Association for Strategic Planning | accessdate = August 23, 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013115523/http://strategyplus.org/calendar_details.php?ID=57| archivedate = October 13, 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="tdr-wc">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2007/02/11/winter_carnival_stories_of_the_mardi_gras_of_the_north.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103837/http://dartreview.com/archives/2007/02/11/winter_carnival_stories_of_the_mardi_gras_of_the_north.php | archivedate = October 23, 2007 | title = Winter Carnival: Stories of the Mardi Gras of the North | date = February 11, 2007 | work =The Dartmouth Review| accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="thed-olymp-ath">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2006/01/09/sportsweekly/dartmouth/ | title = Dartmouth athletes gear up for Olympic competition | first = Jordan | last = Rose | work =The Dartmouth| date = January 9, 2006 | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="thedartmouth">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2008/01/23/news/campaign/ | title = Capital campaign hits $1 billion benchmark | first = Michael | last = Coburn | date = January 23, 2008 | work =The Dartmouth| accessdate = February 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="thedartmouth1">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2007/05/04/news/capitalcampaign/ | title = 65 percent done, $1.3 billion capital campaign right on track | first = JR | last = Santo | date = May 4, 2007 | work =The Dartmouth| accessdate = February 5, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="thedartmouth2">{{cite web|url=http://thedartmouth.com/2008/06/27/news/lawsuit/ |title=Lawsuit against College dismissed |publisher=TheDartmouth.com |date=June 27, 2008 |accessdate=September 22, 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="thedartmouth4">{{cite news | url = http://thedartmouth.com/2010/04/19/sportsweekly/centerfold|title=It's not easy being Green|publisher=The Dartmouth|date=April 29, 2010|author=Buck, Caroline|accessdate=October 21, 2011}}</ref>
<ref name="trd-wheelock">{{cite news | url = http://dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/01/the_wheelock_succession.php | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071023103341/http://dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/01/the_wheelock_succession.php | archivedate = October 23, 2007 | title = The Wheelock Succession | work =The Dartmouth Review| first = Aziz G. | last = Sayigh |author2=Boris V. Vabson | date = October 1, 2006 | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
<ref name="tuck-campus">{{cite web|url=http://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/about/campus/index.html |title=Our Campus |publisher=Tuck School of Business |accessdate=August 23, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615134059/http://www.tuck.dartmouth.edu/about/campus/index.html |archivedate=June 15, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref>
<ref name="usatf.org">{{cite web | url = http://www.usatf.org/athletes/bios/Nelson_Adam.asp | title = Adam Nelson | publisher = USA Track & Field, Inc. | accessdate = December 10, 2006 }}</ref>
<ref name="usnwr-aag">{{cite web |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_2573_brief.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070918113857/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/drglance_2573_brief.php|archivedate=September 18, 2007|title= Dartmouth College: At a Glance|work=U.S. News & World Report |accessdate=September 19, 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="uspatent">{{cite web | url = http://www.uspto.gov/main/trademarks.htm | title = United States Patent and Trademark Office | accessdate = August 23, 2008 }}</ref>
}}
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* Behrens, Richard K., "From the Connecticut Valley to the West Coast: The Role of Dartmouth College in the Building of the Nation," ''Historical New Hampshire,'' 63 (Spring 2009), 45–68.
* {{cite book|last=Chase|first=Frederick|author2=John King Lord|title=A History of Dartmouth College and the Town of Hanover, New Hampshire, Volume 2|publisher=J. Wilson, The Rumford Press|location=Concord, N.H.|year=1913|edition=1|oclc=11267716}} ''([https://books.google.com/books?id=F8KEAAAAIAAJ&dq=A%20history%20of%20Dartmouth%20College%20and%20the%20town%20of%20Hanover%2C%20New%20Hampshire%2C%20Volume%202 Read and download public domain copy via Google Books].)''
* {{cite book | title = Dartmouth Outing Guide | publisher = [[Dartmouth Outing Club]] | year = 2004 | edition = Fifth | first = Chuck | last = Drake }}
* {{cite book | title = The Dartmouth Story: A Narrative History of the College Buildings, People, and Legends | publisher = Dartmouth Bookstore | year = 1990 | first = Robert B. | last = Graham }}
* {{cite book | first = Scott L. | last = Glabe | title = Dartmouth College: Off the Record | publisher = College Prowler | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-1-59658-038-1}}
* {{cite book | first = Molly K. | last = Hughes |author2=Susan Berry | title = Forever Green: The Dartmouth College Campus—An arboretum of Northern Trees | publisher = Enfield Books | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-1-893598-01-0}}
* {{cite book | first = Leon B. | last = Richardson | title = History of Dartmouth College | publisher = Dartmouth College Publications | year = 1932 | oclc = 12157587 }}
* [http://www.artseditor.com/html/features/0509_concha.shtml ''Listen, Look, Likeness: examining the portraits of Félix de la Concha''] 2009 ArtsEditor.com article
{{refend}}
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